Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Digestive Cancers: Cytoreductive Surgery Combined with Intraperitoneal Chemohyperthermia. The Experience in Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire Lyon Sud (CHLS)

Intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia (IPCH) with Cytoreductive surgery (CS) has been used in Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire Lyon Sud (CHLS) since 1989. Up to 2005· 420 patients were involved in different phase II studies for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from colorectal· gastric or ovarian origin· as well as for pseudomyxoma peritonei and peritoneal mesothelioma. Encouraging results were achieved in case of optimal PC cytoreduction. The CHLS experience· as well as the Dutch randomized trial and the international registration· underline the advantage of such an aggressive combined therapy for selected patients in experienced multidisciplinary centers.     

Peritoneal dialysis catheter embedment: surgical considerations,expectations, and complications

Background

Peritoneal dialysis catheter embedment consists of implanting the catheter far in advance of anticipated need, with the external tubing buried under the skin. The catheter is externalized when initiation of dialysis is required. Details of the surgical procedure and management of associated complications are generally lacking.

Methods

A total of 84 catheters including conventional and extended catheters were embedded and externalized during the study period. Factors influencing duration of embedment, functionality upon externalization, and long-term outcomes were analyzed.

Results

Mean duration of embedment was 13.9 months (median 9.4; range .5 to 68.5). Immediate function was exhibited in 85.7% of catheters. Employing laparoscopic revision, 98.8% of embedded catheters were successfully used for peritoneal dialysis. Extended catheters and duration of embedment were important determinants of catheter functionality.

Conclusions

Catheters can be embedded for prolonged periods and still result in functional dialysis access when needed. Complications are few and easily managed.     

腹腔镜探查联合灌洗活检在进展期胃癌术前分期中的价值

目的:探讨腹腔镜探查联合腹腔灌洗活检对进展期胃癌术前分期及术式选择的临床意义.方法:回顾分析北京大学肿瘤医院43例胃癌患者腹腔镜探查经过,结果及治疗方案.结果:43例患者腹腔镜探查均获成功,探查操作时间为30-45min(平均32min),术中出血少.探查发现:腹膜转移者14例,肿瘤直接侵犯周围脏器1例.肿瘤突破浆膜者27例,未突破浆膜者16例,其中有4例镜下触诊不明显.所有患者行腹腔灌洗,其中阳性者16例,阳性率为37.2%.结论:胃癌患者术前预行腹腔镜探查和灌洗对于术前分期和选择合适的术式具有重要的指导意义.     

Correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin and carotid intima-media thickness in non-diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To investigate the correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and carotid intima?media thickness (CIMT) in non?diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods Forty?two non?diabetic peritoneal dialysis adult patients were enrolled in this study [mean age was (48.2±12.3) years, 50% was male]. CIMT was determined by carotid ultrasound. Patients were divided into two groups according to CIMT: CIMT normal group (CIMT＜0.9 mm) and CIMT thickening group (CIMT≥0.9 mm). HbA1c, 2?hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG) and other factors of the patients were analyzed with Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression. Results CIMT was correlated with age, 2hPBG, LDL?C, TG, TC, HbA1c in non?diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients (r＝0.355, 0.373, 0.416, 0.345, 0.351, 0.456, all P＜0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that HbA1c was the most powerful influence factor of CIMT（β＝0.459）. Conclusion HbA1c level is positively correlated with CIMT and may be a predictor of carotid atherosclerosis in non?diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients.     

Association between endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To investigate the association between endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis （CAPD） patients. Methods Ninety-four stable CAPD patients from a single center were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Ultrasound evaluation was conducted on brachial artery to estimate endothelial-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Automatice pulse wave velocity (PWV) measuring system was applied to examine the carotid-femoral PWV. Blood pressure and biochemical parameters were detected. Pearson's correlation and Stepwise multiple regression analysis were performed to explore the relationship between FMD and PWV. Results PWV was significantly higher in patients with diabetes as compared to those without diabetes[(13.25±1.66) m/s vs (11.24±1.92) m/s, P＜0.01]. Furthermore, PWV was positively correlated with age(r＝0.319, P＝0.002), SBP (r＝0.289, P＝0.005) and C-reactive protein (r＝0.211, P＝0.041), was negatively correlated with albumin (r＝-0.429, P＝0.001) and FMD (r＝-0.466, P＝0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, diabetes mellitus, albumin, FMD, age and SBP were independently associated with PWV after adjustment. Conclusion Endothelial dysfunction is associated with greater arterial stiffness in CAPD patients.     

Clinical outcome of 371 episodes of peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis

Objective To analyze the clinical outcome of PD related peritonitis in our center. Methods All patients who developed PD related peritonitis between January 2004 and December 2010 in Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were included. Outcomes of PD related peritonitis were analyzed. Results A total of 220 patients developed 371 episodes of PD related peritonitis during the study period in our center, and the average peritonitis rate was one episode per every 54.4 patient-months. Among the 371 episodes of peritonitis, 285 (76.8%) episodes had been cured, 17 (4.6%) episodes had needed temporary hemodialysis (HD), 46 (12.4%) episodes had led to switch to permanent HD and 21 (5.7%) episodes had caused death. After refractory peritonitis, there was a significant reduction of 4 h ultrafiltration (330 vs 270 ml, P＝0.036) and an increase tendency of 4h D/Pcr (0.55±0.08 vs 0.58±0.10, P＝0.086). Conclusions Peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis is an important contributor to technique failure and death in Chinese PD patients. Refractory peritonitis might injure peritoneal membrane function.     

腹腔引流液中的细胞因子在早期预测结直肠癌术后肠梗阻中的作用

目的 检测结直肠癌手术后患者腹腔引流液中细胞因子水平,研究能否通过观察细胞因子水平的变化早期诊断术后肠梗阻.方法 我们选择了100例行乙状结肠癌或直肠癌根治术的患者,在术后第1、3、5d提取患者的腹腔引流液,检测IL-1β,IL-6和TNF-α水平.结果 有8位患者在术后第10～15 d出现肠梗阻,两组患者术后第1d和第3d的IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平变化不明显,无统计学差异.但是,在术后第5d,肠梗阻组的IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平明显升高,而非肠梗阻组的IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平明显下降.总体来说,非肠梗阻组的92例患者的细胞因子水平在术后前5d呈下降趋势,而肠梗阻组的8例患者的细胞因子水平呈明显上升趋势.结论 结直肠癌术后患者腹腔引流液中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平的升高可能是一项早期预测术后肠梗阻的实验室指标.     

Peritoneal Dialysis for Acute Renal Failure in Infants: A Comparison of Three Types of Peritoneal Access

Peritoneal access for peritoneal dialysis (PD) poses a significant problem in infants due to their small size and can result in considerable morbidity and occasional mortality. This study was carried out to compare the complications associated with three different types of PD catheters for intermittent PD. A total of 79 sessions of PD were given to 51 infants with acute renal failure. Twenty-nine infants received 1, 18 received 2 and 2 infants received 3 and 4 sessions of PD, respectively. For PD access an intravenous cannula was used in 36, stylet catheter in 18, and guide wire inserted femoral vein catheter in 25 procedures. Percentage reduction of serum creatinine per PD session was comparable in infants being dialysed with different types of PD access. Local puncture site and intraperitoneal bleed were associated with the use of a stylet catheter during 4 procedures each (22.2%). Catheter blockade was commonest with the intravenous cannula (22.2%), followed by guide wire inserted femoral vein catheter (16%), and was least with the stylet catheter (5.5%). Total mechanical complications were lower with guide wire inserted femoral vein catheter (16%) as compared to intravenous cannula (25%) and stylet catheter (66%) (p < 0.05). There were 4 episodes of peritonitis (5.0%), 3 bacterial and 1 fungal. Although peritonitis was more common with intravenous cannula (8.3%) than guide wire inserted catheter (4%) and stylet catheter (nil), the difference was not statistically significant. Total complications including mechanical and infective were least with guide wire inserted femoral vein catheter (20%), followed by intravenous cannula (33%) and stylet catheter (66%) (p < 0.05). Of 51 infants, 20 died (39.0%). The PD procedure per se resulted in mortality in 2 cases, 1 because of massive intraperitoneal bleed due to stylet induced injury of an intra abdominal blood vessel and the other due to fungal peritonitis. To conclude, of the three types of access for intermittent PD, complications related to the PD procedure are the least with guide wire inserted femoral vein catheter.     

腹膜透析患者退出及死亡原因分析

目的探讨腹膜透析患者退出原因及死亡原因并分析对策。方法回顾性分析邯郸市中心医院腹膜透析中心2007年1月至2011年12月的腹膜透析患者资料,统计例数,分析退出原因及死亡原因。结果共有109例患者退出腹膜透析,退出的主要原因是死亡63例（占57．8％）,其次为。肾移植5例（占4．6％）、转血液透析9例（占8．3％）、其他32例（占29．4％,因经济原因放弃、转院及失访）。原发病为糖尿病患者的病死率为74．3％（26／35）,高血压患者为70．0％（21／30）,均显著高于慢性肾炎患者的32．4％（12／37）（P均〈O．05）,前两者间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。死亡的首位原因是心血管事件23例（占36．5％）,其余依次是脑血管事件13例（占20．6％）、感染11例（肺部感染和腹腔感染,占17．5％）、营养不良11例（占17．5％）、呼吸系统疾病3例（占4．8％）、肿瘤2例（占3．2％）。其中透析开始前合并心功能不全的病死率高,存在残余。肾功能的透析患者病死率低,两者与肾移植组比较,差异有统计学意义（P均do．05）。研究期间腹膜透析患者共发生腹膜炎75例,操作不当38例（占50．7％）,腹泻25例（占33．3％）,重复用帽7例（占9．3％）,隧道炎2例（占2．7％）,便秘1例（占1．3％）,尿路感染1例（占1．3％）,使用国产腹膜透析液1例（占1．3％）。结论死亡是持续性不卧床腹膜透析（continuousambulatoryperitonealdialysis,CAPD）患者退出腹膜透析的主要原因,患者死亡的主要原因为心脑血管病和感染。高龄、糖尿病、残余肾功能差、血压、营养不良、感染和透析前心功能状况是影响患者生存的危险因素。