黄疸前期壶腹周围癌的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨黄疽前期壶腹周围痛的临床特点,提高早期诊断率和手术疗效.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2005年12月收治的27例黄疸前期壶腹周围癌的临床资料.结果 黄疸前期壶腹周围癌的临床症状多为非特异性,主要包括上腹部饱胀不适(92.6%)、上腹部胀痛或隐痛(55.6%)以及不规则发热等(29.6%).B超、CT、MRCP、ERCP和内镜超声(EUS)等影像学检查有助于早期诊断,其阳性发现率分别为75.6%、85.2%、83.3%、84.6%和88.9%.本组27例患者中,19例行区域性胰十二指肠切除术,5例行胰十二指肠切除联合血管切除,3例行胆管或胆囊空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,总切除率为88.9%.无手术死亡,术后并发症发生率为7.4%.术后1、3、5年生存率分别为100%、70.8%、41.7%.结论 壶腹周围癌在黄疸前期有其临床特点和影像学异常改变.如能在黄疸前期作出明确诊断,仍然是提高手术切除率和改善预后的一个重要途径.     

十二指肠乳头旁憩室对ERCP手术治疗胆总管结石患者效果的影响*

目的 分析十二指肠乳头旁憩室(PAD)对内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)治疗胆总管结石患者手术的影响。方法 2016年12月～2019年12月我院消化内科诊治的胆总管结石合并PAD患者101例(憩室内乳头37例,非憩室内乳头64例)和胆总管结石患者174例。所有患者在ERCP下插管、取石治疗。结果 憩室组和非憩室组插管成功率分别为95.1%和98.4%,取石成功率分别为91.1%和92.0%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后,憩室组与非憩室组并发症发生率为19.8%和19.0%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);憩室内乳头组插管成功率为86.5%,取石成功率为81.1%,均显著低于非憩室内乳头组的100.0%和96.9%(P<0.05);术后,憩室内乳头组与非憩室内乳头组并发症发生率分别为24.3%和17.2%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 PAD会对ERCP手术治疗胆总管结石患者的效果产生一定的不利影响,尤其是憩室内乳头会增加插管难度,降低取石成功率,需要医生提高手术技巧,才能获得手术的成功。     

Endoscopic treatment of periampullary duodenal duplication cysts in children:Four case reports and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Duodenal duplications are rare congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract. As the periampullary variant is much rarer, literature is scant and only few authors have reported their experience in diagnosis and treatment, particularly with operative endoscopy.CASE SUMARY To report our experience with the endoscopic treatment in a series of children with periampullary duodenal duplication cysts, focusing on the importance of obtaining an accurate preoperative anatomic assessment of the malformations. The pediatric periampullary duodenal duplication cyst literature is reviewed. We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed database was searched for original studies on "duodenal duplication", "periampullary duplication" or "endoscopic management" published since 1990, involving patients younger than 18 years of age. Eligible study designs were case report, case series and reviews. We analyzed the data and reported the results in table and text. Fifteen eligible articles met the inclusion criteria with 16 patients, and analysis was extended to our additional 4 cases. Median age at diagnosis was 13.5 years. Endoscopic treatment was performed in 10(50%) patients, with only 2 registered complications.CONCLUSION Periampullary duodenal duplication cysts in pediatric patients are very rare. Our experience suggests that an accurate preoperative assessment is critical. In the presence of sludge or stones inside the duplication, endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography is mandatory to demonstrate a communication with the biliary tree. Endoscopic treatment resulted in a safe, minimally invasive and effective treatment. In periampullary duodenal duplication cyst endoscopically treated children, long-term follow-up is still necessary considering the potential malignant transformation at the duplication site.     

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in periampullary diverticulum: The challenge of cannulation

Periampullary diverticulum(PAD) is duodenal outpunching defined as herniation of the mucosa or submucosa that occurs via a defect in the muscle layer within an area of 2 to 3 cm around the papilla. Although PAD isusually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP), it is associated with different pathological conditions such as common bile duct obstruction, pancreatitis, perforation, bleeding, and rarely carcinoma. ERCP has a low rate of success in patients with PAD,suggesting that this condition may complicate the technical application of the ERCP procedure. Moreover, cannulation of PAD can be challenging, time consuming, and require the higher level of skill of more experienced endoscopists. A large portion of the failures of cannulation in patients with PAD can be attributed to inability of the endoscopist to detect the papilla. In cases where the papilla is identified but does not point in a suitable direction for cannulation, different techniques have been described. Endoscopists must be aware of papilla identification in the presence of PAD and of different cannulation techniques, including their technical feasibility and safety, to allow for an informed decision and ensure the best outcome. Herein, we review the literature on this practical topic and propose an algorithm to increase the success rate of biliary cannulation.     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺周围性肿块诊断价值的探讨

目的探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术对明确肺周围性肿块性质的诊断价值。方法分析46例肺周围性肿块患者临床及病理资料,并总结在cT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检的技术方法,就如何提高穿刺准确性及减少并发症进行讨论。结果45例获得细胞学标本,39例确诊,确诊率84．8％;并发症12例气胸及3例咯血。结论该方法对肺周围性肿块性质的诊断率高,并发症轻,值得临床推广应用。     

柯萨奇B组病毒所致神经系统病变临床探讨

目的柯萨奇B组病毒（CoxsackieBvirusesCBV）所致神经系统病变目前报道较少，其实并非少见。主要因其感染后多系统损害症状复杂，很难使人们确诊为神经系统病变，如不早期确诊及时治疗，个别病人可导致失明或致残。方法所有可疑本病患者均经CBV抗体IgM、IgGI－Ⅳ型测定，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA），用（CBVI－Ⅳ）抗原分别检查患者血清中的抗体（包括IgM和IgG）IgMI：100·IgG1；800或1：1600视为阳性。结果9例病人IgM1：100、IgG1：1600阳性，5例IgM（－）、IgG1：1600阳性确诊为柯萨奇B组病毒感染。结论以上病人均给抗病毒和脑细胞活化剂治疗一个月，临床体征消失，头颅CT扫描转正常。临床实践证明病原学血清诊断是唯一先决条件，病毒特异性抗体检测已是公认的一种可靠快速可取的诊断方法。     

Elevated pre-operative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts disease free survival following pancreatic resection for periampullary carcinomas

BackgroundThe pre-operative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), when ≥5 has been associated with reduced survival for patients with various gastrointestinal tract cancers, however, it's prognostic value in patients with periampullary tumour has not been reported to date.ObjectivesTo determine the prognostic value of pre-operative NLR in terms of survival and recurrence of resected periampullary carcinomas.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for periampullary carcinoma (pancreatic, ampullary, cholangiocarcinoma) identified from a departmental database. The effect of NLR upon survival and recurrence was explored.ResultsOverall median survival amongst 228 patients was 24 months (inter-quartile range [IQR]: 12–43). The median survival for those whose NLR was <5 was not significantly greater than those patients whose NLR was ≥5 (24 months [IQR: 14–42] versus 13 months [IQR: 8–48], respectively; p = 0.234). However, for those that developed recurrence, survival was greater in those with an NLR <5 at (20 months [IQR: 12–27] versus 11 months [IQR: 7–22], respectively; p = 0.038). This effect was most marked in those patients with cholangiocarcinoma (p = 0.019) whilst a trend to worse survival was seen in those with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. No effect was seen in patients with ampullary carcinoma (p = 0.516).ConclusionsThis study provides further evidence that pre-operative NLR offers important prognostic information regarding disease-free survival. This effect, however, is dependent upon the tumour type amongst patients undergoing PD.     

壶腹部和胰腺肿瘤超声诊断的临床研究

目的　通过超声与病理对照分析，进一步提高超声检查对壶腹部和胰头癌的认识。方法　应用超声显像观察胆管和胰管扩张情况，了解胆总管全程直至末端，追踪扫查壶腹部和胰腺。当胆总管末端及壶腹部被气体遮盖时，饮水500～1500ml，必要时吃高脂流汁，第二天复查。结果 超声检查16例壶腹部癌均显示胆管和胰管不同程度扩张，肿块呈低回声9例，等回声7例，2例后方有声影。22例胰腺癌引起胆管和胰管扩张20例，2例位于钩突部向后生长，无胰管扩张。肿瘤形态不规则，呈蟹足状向周围浸润性生长，后方轻度衰减。结论 要提高超声显像在壶腹部和胰腺癌中的诊断准确率，除识别两者图像持点外，须结合病程进行分析。     

Lemmel's syndrome due to giant periampullary diverticulum: report of a case

Lemmel''s syndrome is a rare cause of obstructive jaundice in the absence of stones or tumors, commonly due to periampullary duodenal diverticulum (PAD). CT scan with the oral and intravenous administration of iodinated contrast media, was crucial to exclude the presence of stones or tumours, but esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) confirms the diagnosis. We report a case of a 72 -year-old woman affected by Lemmel''s syndrome secondary to a giant PAD, suffering from right upper abdominal quadrant pain and pancreaticobiliary disease. Subsequently we proceed to analyse the pathogenesis of PAD, and later to discuss pitfalls, tips and tricks useful to make a correct diagnosis, in order to achieve an accurate management.     

Influence of bacteriobilia on postoperative complications in patients with periampullary tumors

BackgroundPeriampullary tumours (PAT) may cause obstruction of distal choledochus. The bile stasis is a risk factor for microbial colonisation of bile (bacteriobilia), cholangitis, hepatic insufficiency and coagulopathy. PAT obstruction can be managed surgically or non-operatively - by inserting a biliary drain or stent (BDS). Although BDS allows for adequate bile drainage, liver function restitution and coagulopathy, increased bacteriobilia has been reported and this is associated with an increased incidence of postoperative complications.MethodsA monocentric, prospective, comparative study including 100 patients operated with PAT. The effects of bacteriobilia and the presence of a drain in the biliary tract on the development of postoperative complications were evaluated.ResultsPositive microbial findings in bile were found in 67% of patients. It was 98% in the biliary drain group vs. 36% in non-drained patients (p = 0.0001). In 68% 2 or more different bacterial strains were simultaneously present (p = 0.0001). Patients with a positive microbial finding in bile had more frequent incidence of infectious complications 40.2% (27) vs. 9.1% (3); p = 0.0011. The most frequent infectious complication was wound infection 29.8% (20) vs. 3.03% (1); p = 0.0014. Similarly, a higher incidence of postoperative infectious complications occurred in patients with BDS - 36% (18) vs. 24% (12); p = 0.2752.ConclusionThe presence of a drain or stent in the biliary tract significantly increases the microbial colonisation of bile. It is associated with a significant increase in infectious complications, especially infections in the wound.