胰十二指肠切除术328例临床分析

目的总结胰十二指肠切除术(pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD)的手术经验,分析并发症和远期疗效。方法回顾性分析2001年1月—2011年1月间施行的328例PD的临床资料,包括标准PD281例,保留幽门的PD 8例,扩大PD 39例。结果全组手术并发症发生率为34.1%(112/328)。前5位并发症依次为胃排空延迟(16.5%),胰瘘(11.9%),出血(7.0%),腹腔感染(5.2%),肺部感染(4.9%)。再手术率为6.1%(20/328)。病死率为3.0%(10/328)。壶腹周围癌202例中1,3,5年生存率分别为79.1%,51.5%,33.8%,中位生存期为38个月;淋巴结阴性患者(144例)的1,3,5年生存率分别为81.7%,57.6%,40.6%,中位生存期为47个月;淋巴结阳性患者(58例)的1,3,5年生存率分别为72.1%,36.4%,16.8%,中位生存期为24个月;淋巴结阴性患者的长期生存率显著高于淋巴结阳性患者(P=0.003)。胰头癌42例中1,3,5年生存率分别为67.6%,29.1%,9.7%,中位生存期为16个月,其中淋巴结阳性患者(11例)的3年以上...     

达英-35加面部护理治疗痤疮疗效观察

目的 探讨面部护理加服达英－３５治疗痤疮的疗效。方法 采用面部护理治疗的同时按月经周期服用达英－３５的方法对５６例痤疮的患者进行系统性治疗２个月,并与单纯面部护理及单纯口服达英－３５进行对照。结果 混合组治愈率达８５％,总有效率１００％,较单纯面部护理有显著性差异,与单纯口服达英－３５组无显著性差异,但有显著性差异的趋势。结论 在单纯面部护理基础上服用达英－３５可以提高疗效,并可减少痤疮后遗症。     

Unilateral 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine lesions of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and rat rotational behaviour

A unilateral lesion in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) resulted in a decreased concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the ipsilateral striatum (CS), anterior cortex and substantia nigra (SN), a loss of [³H]5-HT uptake sites in the cortex and striatum and a selective in 5-HT turnover in the substantia nigra. The directly acting 5-HT agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine induced contralateral turning behaviour in the lesioned animals, whilst the 5-HT releasing agent, p-chloroamphetamine, induced ipsilateral rotation. All rotational behaviour was blocked by haloperidol and the turning behaviour in response to 5-MeODMT was blocked by methysergide. The data presented suggest that the DRN innervates the SN and CS differentially and that nigral 5-HT receptors become supersensitive after denervation of the DRN-SN pathway.     

Subchondroplasty in the treatment of bone Marrow lesion in early Knee Osteoarthritis: A systematic review of clinical and radiological outcomes

BackgroundKnee osteoarthritis (KOA) is increasingly prevalent in North American society. The significant societal burden it represents makes it essential to promote and target new treatments in earlier phases of the disease. Among others, subchondroplasty is a newly documented technique using calcium phosphate injection targeting the osteochondral lesions preceding KOA, also known as Bone Marrow Lesions (BMLs). This article aimed to review the existing literature on clinical and radiological outcomes of subchondroplasty in the treatment of BMLs in KOA.MethodA systematic review was performed using PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Studies on calcium phosphate injections into BMLs for KOA and its clinical and radiological outcomes were screened and reviewed by independent evaluators.ResultsAfter screening, ten articles were included, totaling 540 patients. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 7 years. Overall, the procedure showed significant functional and quality of life improvement, as well as pain relief, as shown by Patients-Reported Outcomes Measures (PROMs). There were very few complications reported, the most important being leakage of calcium phosphate outside the targeted site. Conversion rate to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) ranged from 14 % to 30 % at 2 years post-procedure. Long term radiological outcomes have been poorly documented.ConclusionsSubchondroplasty is a promising avenue for the treatment of KOA. However, quality evidence is still required before any real conclusions and practical management guidelines can be drawn. Prospective, randomized studies with a control group and a rigorous assessment of long-term clinical and radiological outcomes are recommended.     

16例脑室内中枢神经细胞瘤患者MRI误诊分析

目的总结16例脑室内中枢神经细胞瘤患者的MRI表现并分析误诊原因及鉴别要点。方法将我院2009年1月至2014年12月期间收治的术前MRI诊断为脑室内中枢神经细胞瘤的16例患者的临床资料(包括影像学资料及病理学资料)进行回顾性分析,所有病例均行MRI平扫及增强扫描。以手术病理结果为基准判断MRI诊断结果,总结脑室内中枢神经细胞瘤患者MRI,并对误诊患者的原因及鉴别要点进行分析。结果 16例患者中,11例术前诊断准确(8例位于侧脑室、2例位于三脑室且累及室间孔、1例位于四脑室),5例误诊(胶质细胞瘤2例、室管膜瘤1例、混合型生殖细胞瘤1例、脑膜瘤1例)。可见邻近透明隔或Monro孔,内部或边缘可见多发囊变,大小不一、形态多样,可呈小囊状、不规则或多房状大囊变。多以实性为主,可见囊变。实性部分T1WI等或稍低信号、T2WI等或稍高信号;囊性部分T1WI低信号,T2WI高信号。部分患者伴出血、瘤灶周围脑水肿、脑室扩张积水及中线移位。增强扫描病灶呈明显不均匀强化,囊变、坏死钙化区无强化。结论对发生于脑室前部或靠近室间孔区的肿瘤患者,可在符合MRI表现的基础上结合手术病理、免疫组化标记进行鉴别诊断,降低误诊率。     

The influence of light stimulation on subcortical potentials evoked by single flashes in photosensitive Papio papio

Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) from the frontorolandic (FR) cortex and from subcortical nuclei (colliculi superioris, pulvinar, corpori geniculati lateralis, centrum medianum, ventralis lateralis) and from pontine reticular formation were analyzed in Papio papio monkeys rendered photosensitive by a subconvulsant dose of allylglycine. The VEPs induced by single flashes were compared statistically with those induced by flashes preceded by trains of intermittent light stimulation (ILS). This latter mode of stimulation provoked the appearance of paroxysmal VEPs (PVEPs) in the FR cortex with the same morphology as the spikes and waves induced in this area by the ILS. The aim of our research was to provide evidence for the possible implication of the subcortical structures which we have studied in the elaboration of PVEPs and thus of spikes and waves. The VEPs recorded at the thalamic and pontine levels were modified when PVEPs were present. These modifications varied according to the site, but subcortical VEPs were never paroxysmal. In structures with visual functions (colliculi superioris, corpori geniculati lateralis), the VEPs were modified by the ILS, but showed more marked changes when PVEPs were present. Thus, these structures may contribute to the genesis of PVEPs. In the other structures (centrum medianum, ventralis lateralis, and pontine reticular formation), modifications of the VEPs occurred only when PVEPs were present. Thus, these structures would be only secondarily involved. We also present preliminary results concerning the effects of lesioning the pulvinar and the ventralis lateralis on the susceptibility of the FR cortex to produce spikes and waves during ILS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

鼻内镜下泪前隐窝径路治疗上颌窦良性病变

目的探讨鼻内镜下上颌窦内侧壁泪前隐窝入路切除上颌窦良性病变的手术径路及方法的可行性及临床效果。方法回顾性分析经鼻内镜泪前隐窝入路治疗的62例上颌窦良性病变患者的临床资料,观察患者术后的疗效。结果全部患者在鼻内镜下经鼻腔彻底清除了病变,保留了下鼻甲,保护了鼻泪管,无一例发生下鼻甲坏死及鼻泪管损伤。随访12～36个月,仅一例复发。结论鼻内镜下经泪前隐窝入路治疗上颌窦良性病变损伤小,窦腔暴露充分,并为术后内镜复查和处理复发病变提供了视窗。该手术方法安全、可靠,是一种操作容易掌握、效果较为理想的治疗上颌窦良性病变的手段。     

喉癌前病变中医证候及四诊特征初步研究

目的通过临床调查探讨喉癌前病变的中医证候及四诊特点,为喉癌前病变的中医药防治及研究提供参考和思路。方法采用流行病学横断面调查方法,对88例喉癌前病变、100例声带息肉及60例喉癌患者的中医证候及四诊资料进行采集分析。结果在声带息肉→喉癌前病变→喉癌的病情进展过程中,中医证候演变特点：以痰瘀为主线,证候由单一向证候兼杂发展,最终出现痰瘀热毒、气阴两虚等多种证候因素兼杂的情况。舌象变化特点：随着病情的发展变化,舌象可由正常的淡红舌为主,向暗红舌、红绛舌、紫舌等发展;舌苔由淡白、白腻向薄黄、黄腻到黄老厚腻变化发展;舌边瘀斑瘀点及舌下静脉曲张的情况更普遍。结论痰瘀是喉癌前病变的基本病因病机,贯穿于喉癌前病变发生发展的始终。     

Molecular Analysis of PIK3CA, BRAF, and RAS Oncogenes in Periampullary and Ampullary Adenomas and Carcinomas

Background  Mutations of KRAS are known to occur in periampullary and ampullary adenomas and carcinomas. However, nothing is known about NRAS, HRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations in these tumors. While oncogenic BRAF contributes to the tumorigenesis of both pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms/carcinomas (IPMN/IPMC), PIK3CA mutations were only detected in IPMN/IPMC. This study aimed to elucidate possible roles of BRAF and PIK3CA in the development of ampullary and periampullary adenomas and carcinomas. Methods  Mutations of BRAF, NRAS, HRAS, KRAS, and PIK3CA were evaluated in seven adenomas, seven adenomas with carcinoma in situ, and 21 adenocarcinomas of the periampullary duodenal region and the ampulla of Vater. Exons 1 of KRAS; 2 and 3 of NRAS and HRAS; 5, 11, and 15 of BRAF; and 9 and 20 of PIK3CA were examined by direct genomic sequencing. Results  In total, we identified ten (28.6%) KRAS mutations in exon 1 (nine in codon 12 and one in codon 13), two missense mutations of BRAF (6%), one within exon 11 (G469A), and one V600E hot spot mutation in exon 15 of BRAF. BRAF mutations were present in two of five periampullary tumors. All mutations appear to be somatic since the same alterations were not detected in the corresponding normal tissues. Conclusion  Our data provide evidence that oncogenic properties of KRAS and BRAF but not NRAS, HRAS, and PIK3CA contribute to the tumorigenesis of periampullary and ampullary tumors; BRAF mutations occur more frequently in periampullary than ampullary neoplasms.     

CT导引下经皮肺穿刺切割活检术后并发症的相关因素分析

目的:统计CT导引下经皮肺穿刺切割活检(ACNB)术后并发症并分析影响因素。方法:回顾性总结352例胸膜外定位法(EPL)ACNB结果,对主要并发症出血及气胸相关因素行多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果:活检准确率为94.9%,每例操作时间为(16.0±2.0)min。出血率22.7%,咯血率5.1%,Logistic分析提示肺不张(OR值0.321)为保护因素。气胸率17.0%,迟发性气胸1.4%,封闭引流率0.6%,Logistic分析提示合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)(OR值11.224)及病灶直径(OR值2.556)是气胸发生的危险因素。出血并气胸率6.0%。胸膜反应及术后持续性疼痛各1例。严重并发症率1.4%。结论:CT导引下EPL法ACNB诊断准确率高,出血及气胸是主要并发症,合并肺不张出血率低,合并COPD及病灶直径小气胸率高,要警惕迟发性并发症及严重并发症的发生。