益智仁化学成分研究

目的研究益智Alpinia oxyphylla仁的化学成分。方法采用硅胶、MCI柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20、重结晶、半制备液相进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构。结果从益智仁95%乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯部位分离并鉴定16个化合物,分别鉴定为邻苯二甲酸-双(2′-乙基庚基)酯(1)、(E)-1-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)-7-(4″-hydroxyphenyl)-hept-4-en-3-one(2)、5-hydroxy-7-(4″-hydroxy-3″-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-heptanone(3)、1β,4β,7β-trihydroxyeudesmane(4)、bullatantriol(5)、1,5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) heptanes(6)、1-tetratriacontanol(7)、dihydrogingerenone B(8)、杨芽黄素(9)、白杨素(10)、oxyphyllenone B(11)、(1R,4R,10R)-1β,4α-dihydroxy-11,12,13-trinor-5,6-eudesmen-7-one(12)、胡萝卜苷(13)、1-(4′-羟基苯基)-7-(3″-甲氧基-4″-羟基苯基)-4-烯-3-庚酮(14)、益智酮甲(15)、5-dehydroxy-hexahydro-demethoxycurcumin B(16)。结论其中化合物1、2、4～8为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物3为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

金刚大化学成分的研究

从百部科黄精叶钩吻属植物金刚大(Croomia japonica Miq)的根部分得五个成分,分别为粉蕊黄杨胺A(pachysamine A,Ⅰ)、金刚大啶(croomionidine,Ⅱ)、金刚大碱(croomme,Ⅲ)、脱氢金刚大碱(didehydrocroomine,Ⅳ)和β-谷甾醇。应用波谱(IP,MS,¹HNMR和¹³CNMR等)分析、理化数据测定和化学转化,确定丁它们的结构,其中金刚大啶为新甾体生物碱。     

Chemical composition, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in rodents of the essential oil of Peperomia serpens (Sw.) Loud

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Peperomia serpens (Piperaceae), popularly known as “carrapatinho”, is an epiphyte herbaceous liana grown wild on different host trees in the Amazon rainforest. Its leaves are largely used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat inflammation, pain and asthma.

Aim of the study

This study investigated the effects of essential oil of Peperomia serpens (EOPs) in standard rodent models of pain and inflammation.

Materials and methods

The antinociceptive activity was evaluated using chemical (acetic acid and formalin) and thermal (hot plate) models of nociception in mice whereas the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan- and dextran-induced paw edema tests in rats croton oil-induced ear edema, as well as cell migration, rolling and adhesion induced by carrageenan in mice. Additionally, phytochemical analysis of the EOPs has been also performed.

Results

Chemical composition of the EOPs was analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Twenty-four compounds, representing 89.6% of total oil, were identified. (E)-Nerolidol (38.0%), ledol (27.1%), α-humulene (11.5%), (E)-caryophyllene (4.0%) and α-eudesmol (2.7%) were found to be the major constituents of the oil. Oral pretreatment with EOPs (62.5-500 mg/kg) significantly reduced the writhing number evoked by acetic acid injection, with an ED₅₀ value of 188.8 mg/kg that was used thereafter in all tests. EOPs had no significant effect on hot plate test but reduced the licking time in both phases of the formalin test, an effect that was not significantly altered by naloxone (0.4 mg/kg, s.c.). EOPs inhibited the edema formation induced by carrageenan and dextran in rats. In mice, EOPs inhibited the edema formation by croton oil as well as the leukocyte and neutrophil migration, the rolling and the adhesion of leukocytes.

Conclusions

These data show for the first time that EOPs has a significant and peripheral antinociceptive effect that seems unrelated to interaction with the opioid system. EOPs also displays a significant anti-inflammatory effect in acute inflammation models. This effect seems to be related to components which inhibit the production of several inflammatory mediators. These results support the widespread use of Peperomia serpens in popular medicine to treat inflammation and pain.     

益智仁水提取物对脑缺血大鼠记忆障碍的改善作用

目的 探讨益智仁水提取物(AOF)对脑缺血大鼠学习记忆能力的改善作用及其作用机制.方法 48只健康成年雄性SD大鼠随机分成4组:假手术组、脑缺血组、AOF Ⅰ组、AOF Ⅱ组,每组12只.除假手术组外,其余各组大鼠均采用双侧颈总动脉反复夹闭再灌注同时腹腔注射硝普钠降压方法建立脑缺血动物模型.避暗实验测定大鼠学习记忆能力,同时测定海马一氧化氮(NO)含量及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力.结果 避暗实验中,脑缺血组大鼠的潜伏期[(143.8±65.2)s]显著短于假手术组[(257.2±67.1)s](P<0.01),错误次数[(8.9±4.2)次]显著多于假手术组[(1.7±1.1)次](P<0.01);而AOF Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的潜伏期[(186.5±46.2)s,(193.4±43.7)s]显著长于脑缺血组(P<0.05),错误次数[(6.1±2.9)次,(5.2±2.1)次]显著少于脑缺血组(P<0.05,P<0.01).脑缺血组海马NO含量及NOS活力[(56.53±27.42)nmol/mg prot,(17.23±5.64)nmol/mg prot]显著高于假手术组[(40.02±17.9)nmol/mg prot,(10.46±6.15)nmol/mg prot];而AOF Ⅰ、Ⅱ组海马NO含量及NOS活力[NO含量:Ⅰ组(46.60±20.26)nmol/mg prot,Ⅱ组(42.38±21.23)nmol/mg prot;NOS活力:Ⅰ组(13.98±5.13)nmol/mg prot,Ⅱ组(13.61±5.27)nmol/mg prot]显著低于脑缺血组(P<0.05).结论 AOF可显著改善脑缺血所致大鼠记忆障碍,其机制可能与降低海马NO含量及NOS活力有关.     

宽叶缬草治疗冠心病的临床研究

作者用宽叶缬草挥发油（Ｖａｌ－Ｉ）治疗冠心病（ＣＨＤ）心绞痛８２例（其中心肌缺血５０例），总有效率分别达８７．８０％，８８％，比对照组复方丹参注射液（ＳＭＣｏ）治疗心绞痛３４例（其中心肌缺血２１例）．总有效率４１．１８／，３７．５０％，差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．００１；Ｐ＜０．０１）。本文还探讨了Ｖａｌ－Ｉ的作用机理和临床应用特点，提示宽叶缬草是一种治疗ＣＨＤ的新型有效药物。     

宽叶缬草中1个新的环烯醚萜类化合物

目的研究缬草属植物宽叶缬草Valeriana officinalis var.latiofolia的化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、反相柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20、薄层制备色谱等色谱法对宽叶缬草根中的化学成分进行分离纯化,应用质谱、核磁等波谱技术和化学方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果从宽叶缬草95%乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯部位分离得到6个化合物,分别鉴定为环烯醚萜类化合物valeriridoid P(1),马榄烷型倍半萜类化合物dihydroxymaaliane(2)、madolin F(3),双环吉玛烷型倍半萜类化合物madolin A(4)、volvalerenal B(5)、kissoone A(6)。结论化合物1为罕见的含有2个氧桥的环烯醚萜类新化合物,化合物2~4为该属植物中首次分得,化合物6为该植物中首次分得。     

Seed odor mediates an obligate ant-plant mutualism in Amazonian rainforests

Seed dispersal mutualisms are essential for the survival of diverse plant species and communities worldwide. Among invertebrates, only ants have a major role in seed dispersal, and thousands of plant species produce seeds specialized for ant dispersal in "diffuse" multispecies interactions. An outstanding but poorly understood ant-seed mutualism occurs in the Amazonian rainforest, where arboreal ants collect seeds of several epiphyte species and cultivate them in nutrient-rich nests, forming abundant and conspicuous hanging gardens known as ant-gardens (AGs). AG ants and plants are dominant members of lowland Amazonian ecosystems, and their interaction is both specific and obligate, but the means by which ants locate, recognize, and accept their mutualist seeds while rejecting other seeds is unknown. Here we address the chemical and behavioral basis of the AG interaction. We show that workers of the AG ant Camponotus femoratus are attracted to odorants emanating from seeds of the AG plant Peperomia macrostachya, and that chemical cues also elicit seed-carrying behavior. We identify five compounds from P. macrostachya seeds that, as a blend, attract C. femoratus workers. This report of attractive odorants from ant-dispersed seeds illustrates the intimacy and complexity of the AG mutualism and begins to illuminate the chemical basis of this important and enigmatic interaction.     

基于成分含量和生态因子的浙贝母品质区划研究

[目的]进行浙贝母药材的品质区划研究,指导浙贝母的合理栽培.[方法]通过实地走访调查和采样,收集浙贝母药材样品和分布信息.基于浙贝母中贝母素甲、贝母素乙的含量,以及生态环境因子和空间分布数据,利用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法(high performance liquid chromatography-evapora...     

苎叶蒟中1个新的含氮木脂素

目的对苎叶蒟Piper boehmeriifolium的枝叶部位进行化学成分研究。方法采用硅胶、RP-C_(18)柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱和半制备HPLC等方法进行分离和纯化,并综合运用IR、HR-ESI-MS、~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR、DEPT、HSQC、HMBC等方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果从苎叶蒟乙醇提取物中分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为3-(3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)-4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione(1)、2E,4E-decadienoylpiperidide(2)、2E-decenoylpiperidide(3)、墙草碱(4)、piperchabamide B(5)、假蒟亭碱(6)、piperdardine(7)、胡椒新碱(8)、胡椒碱(9)、二氢荜茇明宁碱(10)、chingchengenamide A(11)、假荜茇酰胺B(12)、guineensine(13)、荜茇宁(14)和kusunokinin(15)。结论化合物1为新化合物,命名为胡椒木脂酰亚胺,化合物2、3、7、8、10和15为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

矮慈姑中新的对映贝壳杉烷二萜

目的：研究矮慈姑（Sagittaria pygmaea Miq）全草中的二萜类成分。方法：采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱层析等方法进行分离和纯化化学成分，结合化学方法和渡谱学方法进行结构鉴定。结果：从矮慈姑乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取部分中分离得到5个二萜类化合物，包括一个对映贝壳杉烷，为19-β-L-3′-acetoxyarabinofuranosyl-eru-kaur-16-ene（1），3个半日花烷，分别为13-epi-manoyloxide-18-ol（2），13-epi-manoyloxide-18-oic acid（3）和13-epi-manoyl oxide-18-O-α-L-2′，5′-diacetoxyarabinofuranoside（4），一个玫瑰烷为5α-hydroxy-ent-rosa-15-en-19-oic acid（5）。结论：上述化合物均从该属植物中首次得到，其中化合物1为新化合物。