骨盆创伤的CT检查(附50例CT与X线平片检查对照)

目的分析急性骨盆损伤的CT征象,评价CT在骨盆损伤诊断中的应用价值和局限性。方法50例骨盆损伤的患者进行X线、薄层CT检查,分析CT检查征象,并与X线平片对照。结果50例中CT发现骨盆各骨骨折157处,X线显示骨折113处,X线平片及CT的检出率差异有显著性意义(χ2=38·72,P<0·01);CT发现关节脱位27处,X线显示脱位16处,X线平片及CT的检出率差异有显著性意义(χ2=9·09,P<0·01)。X线平片中有3处阳性征象CT检查未能显示。结论CT检查在显示骨、关节的骨折、脱位,盆腔脏器及软组织的损伤,判断骨盆骨折的严重程度等方面优于X线平片,并适合多发伤及危重患者同时进行多项检查时应用,为救治严重创伤患者的一种快速、准确的放射检查手段。     

Clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness of intraoperative cell salvage in pelvic trauma surgery

Introduction

Pelvic acetabular injuries are associated with significant blood loss. This is compounded by multiple surgical interventions including definitive fracture fixation, which put patients at further risk of postoperative transfusion. We use intraoperative cell salvage routinely as a blood conservation strategy to address this issue. This is a prospective evaluation of the clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness of using intraoperative cell salvage in patients with pelvic acetabular injuries.

Methods

Data were collected prospectively for all the patients who underwent pelvic acetabular fracture fixation at our institution. A total of 30 patients (25 men, 5 women) with a mean age of 41 years (range: 31–79 years) were assessed over a period of 10 months.

Results

The mean preoperative and postoperative haemoglobin levels were 11.8g/dl and 9.9g/dl respectively. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 1,232.5ml (range: 150–2,693ml). The mean amount of blood salvaged and retransfused through a cell saver was 388ml. Of the 30 patients, 14 (47%) required transfusion after surgery and 26 units of blood were transfused. In terms of cost effectiveness, a total of £2,572 in 30 patients or £86 per patient were saved.

Conclusions

We found intraoperative cell salvage to be clinically efficacious and cost effective in patients with pelvic acetabular injuries.     

髂腹股沟微创切口内固定技术在骨盆骨折中的应用

目的研究采用髂腹股沟微创切口内固定技术治疗髋臼前柱或耻骨支骨折的疗效及特点。方法自2007年7月至2011年9月,对31例骨盆骨折患者（其中耻骨支骨折23例,髋臼前柱骨折8例）采用髂腹股沟微创切口内固定技术治疗。患者采用全麻或腰硬联合麻醉,取传统髂腹股沟入路的内外侧两端切口,分别自内外两个切口紧贴骨面向中间潜行剥离,相互贯通,形成耻骨支、髋臼前柱相通的隧道,并用骨膜剥离器撬拨扩大通道。根据通道内骨面预弯重建钛板,自外侧切口紧贴骨面插入预弯钛板,分别于钛板远近端钻孔拧入3枚左右螺钉固定钢板。结果本组患者获得5～29个月随访,平均14.1个月。骨折全部临床愈合。按照Matta复位标准,术后解剖复位14例,复位良好16例,复位较差1例,优良率96.7%。按照Majeed评分,优19例,良11例,可1例,优良率96.7%。无感染、股神经或股血管损伤、静脉血栓、异位骨化及骨关节炎和股骨头缺血坏死等并发症发生。结论应用髂腹股沟微创切口内固定技术治疗骨盆骨折,手术创伤小、手术时间短、手术安全性高、术后并发症少、功能恢复好。     

髂腹股沟微创小切口在骨盆前环损伤中的应用

目的：探讨有限切开,微创内固定治疗骨盆前环损伤的可行性、技术要点及临床效果。方法：2009年3月至2012年3月,选择经髂腹股沟微创小切口内固定治疗骨盆前环损伤患者20例,男13例,女7例;年龄25-61岁,平均41．6岁。前环损伤按Tile分型：A2型5例,B1型2例,B2型9例,B3型1例,C1型3例。单纯前环骨折15例,前环骨折合并耻骨联合分离2例,前后环均骨折3例。观察内容包括手术时间、术中出血量、股神经及髂血管损伤情况、术后骨折复位情况等。结果：所有患者伤口I期愈合,无感染、深静脉血栓、股神经及髂血管损伤等并发症发生。根据Matta复位标准,优12例,良7例,可1例。18例患者获得随访,时间6～32个月,平均16.3个月。根据Majeed疗效评价标准,优15例,良3例,Majeed评分94．3±6．0。结论：经髂腹股沟微创小切口内固定治疗骨盆前环损伤具有手术时间短、创伤小、术中出血少等优点,临床操作安全可行,疗效满意。     

Sagittal alignment of spine and pelvis regulated by pelvic incidence: standard values and prediction of lordosis

Pelvis and spinal curves were studied with an angular parameter typical of pelvis morphology: pelvic incidence. A significant chain of correlations between positional pelvic and spinal parameters and incidence is known. This study investigated standards of incidence and a predictive equation of lordosis from selective pelvic and spinal individual parameters. One hundred and forty nine (78 men and 71 women) healthy adults, aged 19–50 years, with no spinal disorders, were included and had a full-spine lateral X-ray in a standardised upright position. Computerised technology was used for the measurement of angular parameters. Mean-deviation section of each parameter and Pearson correlation test were calculated. A multivariate selection algorithm was running with the lordosis (predicted variable) and the other spinal and pelvic parameters (predictor variables), to determine the best sets of predictors to include in the model. A low incidence (<44°) decreased sacral-slope and the lordosis is flattened. A high incidence (>62°) increased sacral-slope and the lordosis is more pronounced. Lordosis predictive equation is based on incidence, kyphosis, sacral-slope and ±T9 tilt. The confidence limits and the residuals (the difference between measured and predicted lordosis) assessed the predicted lordosis accuracy of the model: respectively, ±1.65 and 2.41° with the 4-item model; ±1.73 and 3.62° with the 3-item model. The ability of the functional spine-pelvis unit to search for a sagittal balance depended both on the incidence and on the variation section of the other positional parameters. Incidence gave an adaptation potential at two levels of positional compensation: overlying state (kyphosis, T9 tilt), underlying state (sacral slope, pelvic tilt). The biomechanical and clinical conditions of the standing posture (as in scoliosis, low back pain, spondylisthesis, spine surgery, obesity and postural impairments) can be studied by comparing the measured lordosis with the predicted lordosis.     

Urinary endometriosis: MR Imaging appearance with surgical and histological correlations

ObjectivesThe goals of the study were to describe the MR imaging features of endometriosis of the urinary tract and identify those that suggest intrinsic involvement of ureteric wall.Materials and methodsThirty-five women with proven urinary tract endometriosis and who had preoperative MR imaging between 2001 and 2011 were included retrospectively. MR images were intrepreted by one junior and one senior radiologists. To characterize the intrinsic parietal involvement, the ureteric circumference involved by the lesion of endometriosis was noted.ResultsThirty-eight ureteric and 13 bladder lesions were analyzed. They were found in association in nine women. Ureteric lesions were bilateral in seven women. Of the 38 ureteric lesions, 27 were extrinsic and 11 intrinsic at histopathological analysis. Sixteen women with extrinsic lesions and 10 with intrinsic ones were correctly identified on MR imaging. When the ureter was included less than 360° in the lesion, extrinsic involvement was confirmed in 80% of cases.ConclusionMR imaging appears to be more sensitive (91%vs 82%) but less specific (59% vs 67%) than surgery for the diagnosis of intrinsic form of ureteric location.     

Fixation with Si alar iliac screws for unstable injury to posterior pelvic ring北大核心CSCD

Objective To explore the fixation with S2 alar iliac screws (S2AI) for unstable injury to the pelvic posterior ring.Methods The clinical data of 18 patients were analyzed retrospectively who had been treated for unstable injury to the posterior pelvic ring by S2AI screw fixation at Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University and at Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital to University of South China from September 2017 to December 2020.They were 8 males and 10 females, with an average age of 40 years (from 20 to 64 years).According to Tile classification, there were 3 cases of type B2, 10 cases of type CI and 5 cases of type C2.Sacral nerve injury was complicated in 3 patients (2 cases of Gibbons grade 11 and one of Gibbons grade m ) .Short-segment S1-S2AI fixation was used in 6 cases, contralateral Sj-SsAI fixation in one case, lumbar-pelvic fixation in 5 cases, and sacroiliac triangle fixation in 6 cases.The accuracy of S2AI placement was e-valuated by CT after operation according to the Shillingford method; the reduction quality of pelvic fractures and complications were documented.Results All the 18 patients were followed up for 19.8 months (from 12 to 36 months).Bony union was achieved in all fractures.A total of 21 S2AI were implanted in the 18 patients without intraoperative neurovascular injury.Postoperative CT found penetration into the iliac cortex by S2AI in 2 cases.According to the Malta criteria, the fracture reduction was excellent in 10 cases, good in 7 and fair in one.Of the 3 patients with preoperative sacral nerve injury, 2 with grade 11 injury recovered to grade I and one with grade IH injury recovered to grade 11 after operation.Superficial infection occurred at the incision site in 2 patients after operation, and complications such as protrusion, rupture or loosening of implants were observed in none of the patients.Conclusion S2AI fixation can be flexibly applied to various types of posterior pelvic ring injury and can provide the pelvic ring and the lumbosacral junction with rigid fixation, leading to a low complication rate. © The Author(s) 2022.     

椎弓根螺钉式置钉法在骨盆骨折中的应用

目的：比较椎弓根螺钉式置钉法与常规钻孔置钉法治疗骨盆骨折的效果。方法2005年2月～2013年1月,急诊行外固定架固定骨盆骨折合并休克28例,骨盆骨折AO/OTA分型：B1型1例,B2型6例,B3型8例,C1型8例,C2型4例,C3型1例。每侧髂骨置钉2枚,左侧用电钻钻孔法置钉（对照组）,右侧用椎弓根螺钉式置钉法（观察组）。对比2组手术时间、钉道的准确性、术后螺钉松动、感染发生率。结果术后死亡2例,26例随访2个月～6年。与左侧对照组比较,右侧观察组手术时间短[（4．8±2．1） min vs．（11．2±2．8） min, t＝-8．834, P＝0．000],孔深3 cm、5 cm时钉道穿透少[1．8％（1/56） vs．19．6％（11/56）,χ2＝9．333, P＝0．002;10．7％（6/56） vs．33．9％（19/56）,χ2＝8．703, P＝0．003],术后钉周感染少[9．6％（5/52） vs．30．8％（16/52）,χ2＝7．220, P＝0．007],2组螺钉松动发生率差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论椎弓根螺钉式置钉法具有手术时间短、准确性高、术后并发症少的优点。     

Giant Cell Tumor of the Pelvis: a Systematic Review

This is a systematic review of articles concerning the morbidity, recurrence rate, treatment and treatment complications of pelvic giant cell tumors (GCTs). The key words “giant cell tumor, pelvis” were used to identify articles which included data on patients with pelvic GCTs in English and Chinese databases of published reports from 1949–2012. The articles were filtered by title, abstract and full text. Thirty‐eight articles and 165 patients were identified for this review. Data on all identified patients were studies; data in different articles on the same patients was not used repeatedly. The following patient data were collected where possible and subjected to systematic analysis; age, location of GCT, treatment, follow‐up, complications, recurrence and whether alive or dead. The mean age of onset was 33.2 years (range, 14–73 years), the peak ages of onset being between 21 and 40 years. A pronounced sex difference was identified, the male : female ratio being 1:1.7. The acetabulum was the commonest area for pelvic GCTs. Forty‐eight tumors were primarily located in the iliac, 60 in the acetabular and 31 in the ischiopubic area. Twenty‐seven patients experienced complications of treatment. Patients who had been treated by wide resection had the most complications; these included incisional infection and delayed healing of incisions. Local recurrence was common, having occurred in 39/158 patients (24.6%), comprising 24/72 (33.3%) who had undergone intralesional surgery only; 9/20 (45.0%) who had undergone radiotherapy only; 1/51 (2.0%) who had undergone wide resection; and 5/14 patients (35.7%) who had undergone radiation therapy or cryotherapy plus intralesional surgery. Mortality was low (3.2%, 5/158). Pelvic GCT is not common, the acetabular area appears to the most frequent site and the peak age is the third and fourth decades. Although the recurrence rate is high for all pelvic GCTs, the mortality is low. Treatment has a critical influence on recurrence. In spite of the associated complications, the lower local recurrence rate makes wide resection a reasonable option for patients with extensive and/or aggressive GCTs.