Psychosocial factors at work and perceived health among agricultural meat industry workers in France

Objective  The objective of this study was to describe the perceived health status of the meat industry employees—i.e., working in the slaughtering, cutting, and boning of large animals and poultry—and its relation to their organisational and psychosocial constraints at work. Methods  This postal survey included all 3,000 employees of the meat industry (beef, pork and poultry) in four districts in Brittany, France, whose companies were affiliated with the agricultural branch of the national health insurance fund. The questionnaire asked for social and demographic data and information describing their job and the organisation of their work. The psychosocial factors at work were described according to Karasek’s questionnaire (demand, latitude and social support at work). Perceived health was measured with the Nottingham Health Profile perceived health indicator. Results  This study shows the high prevalence of poor health reported by the workers in this industry. This poor perceived health was worse in women and increased regularly with age. Among the psychosocial factors studied, high quantitative and qualitative demand at work, inadequate resources for good work and to a lesser extent, inadequate prospects for promotion appear especially associated with poor perceived health. Other factors often associated with poor perceived health included young age at the first job and work hours that disrupt sleep rhythms (especially for women). Conclusion  Our results show that this population of workers is especially vulnerable from the point of view of perceived physical and psychological health and is exposed to strong physical, organisational and psychosocial constraints at work. They also demonstrate that poor perceived health is associated with some psychosocial (such as high psychological demand and insufficient resources) and organisational factors at work. These results, in conjunction with those from other disciplines involved in studying this industry, may help the companies to develop preventive activities.     

Depression and mental health in neoliberal times: A critical analysis of policy and discourse

Depression has received increasing attention as a significant public health issue over the past ten years, both in Canada and elsewhere in the industrialized west. During the same period, many of the social and economic policies adopted by governments in these jurisdictions have reflected neoliberal goals and orientations. The purpose of this article is to explore the points of contact between these two features of contemporary social and political life in the industrialized west, using the Canadian province of British Columbia as an empirical site. My analysis draws on the Foucauldian literature on governmentality in presenting a close reading of provincial government documents concerned with depression and mental health literacy that have been produced since the election of the Liberal Party to office in British Columbia in 2001. This analysis identifies discourses of “responsibilization” circulating in these documents, within which individuals, families, communities and workplaces – rather than publicly-funded services – appear as key resources in responding to experiences of mental distress. It also points to a number of strategies visible in the documents that work to align the interests of individuals and their practitioners in pursuing particular approaches to treatment with a governing interest in reducing public spending on services and supports. The article concludes by identifying a number of resistive discourses and proposing further research in a range of empirical contexts within which they may be evident.     

口腔门诊治疗并发晕厥106例回顾分析

目的：通过对1983年以来，孝感市中心医院口腔中心门诊治疗并发晕厥106例的回顾性分析，探讨口腔门诊治疗并发单纯性晕厥的原因及一些相关因素，增强医患双方的防治意识，安全顺利的进行口腔门诊治疗。方法：对106例单纯性晕厥反应，采取现场询问式调查的方法，对其一般情况，口腔门诊治疗经历，治疗时的心态，口腔门诊治疗的了解，以及不同口腔治疗晕厥发生情况等进行调查、归纳、分析。结果：1)晕厥的发生与患者的年龄有关，12～40岁口腔门诊治疗经历欠缺的患者是口腔门诊治疗并发晕厥的高危人群。2)口腔患者进行治疗前心理准备充足与否对并发晕厥反应的影响较大。3)晕厥在口腔门诊某些治疗中发生率较高，拔牙术最多，其次为脓肿切排。86％(92例)属因畏惧疼痛导致紧张而诱发的血管抑制性晕厥。4)晕厥多发生于治疗初期(93：13)。结论：口腔门诊治疗并发晕厥临床表现多不严重，但对患者就诊和医师的治疗影响明显，切实做好口腔治疗错误信息，消除和减轻他们的疑虑和畏惧的紧张心情，对保障口腔门诊治疗安全尤为重要。     

实习期医学生心理健康状况、应对方式及压力状况的调查

目的探讨实习期医学生心理健康状况、应对方式及压力状况。方法将进入临床实习期的364名临床医学生作为研究组,而选取379名非实习期的临床医学生作为对照组,问卷评定采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、应对方式问卷及心理身体紧张松弛测试表。结果研究组SCL-90的人际关系敏感、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对因子得分显著高于对照组(t=2.25~5.17,P<0.05);与对照组相比,研究组的应对方式中解决问题因子分有显著性降低,自责、退避因子分则有显著性增高(t=-1.97~2.89,P<0.05);研究组的心理压力状况明显差于对照组,且差异具有显著性意义(χ2=56.03,P<0.05)。结论实习期的临床医学生存在不同程度的心理问题,应予以足够重视。     

Pea术式治疗中高位肛门直肠畸形的并发症及对策

目的探讨Pena术式治疗中高位肛门直肠畸形的并发症及预防治疗措施。方法回顾性分析行Pena肛门成形术的58例中高位肛门直肠畸形患儿的临床资料及肛门排便功能情况、并发症，采用肛门功能临床评分标准进行评价。结果58例中优良者45例（83．3％），差者9例（偶有污粪6例，大便失禁1例，便秘2例），有并发症者8例（14．8％），其中直肠黏膜脱垂3例，粪便潴留2例，大便失禁1例，尿漏1例，直肠回缩1例。结论真正理解Pena的“无血、解剖式”手术技术的精髓，提高手术技巧和精细操作，加强术后康复训练是减少并发症的关键。     

化痰通络法治疗脊髓炎后遗症

介绍魏品康教授治疗脊髓炎后遗症一则,以化痰通络法贯穿始终。     

217例老年精神病人的躯体共病性研究

目的：探讨老年精神科病人躯体疾病共病情况及其意义。方法：调查217例老年精神科病人的精神科诊断及合弄躯体疾病情况。结果：88．9％的病人合并有躯体疾病，每一个病人合并的躯体疾病的病种数平均为2．18种。合并的躯体疾病多见的是脑血管病、高血压、心脏病、感染、糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）等。结论：老年精神科病人的躯体共病现象具有普遍性，其躯体疾病分布具有普通老年科病人的特点。躯体共病影响精神疾病的疗效预后及老年精神科的临床工作模式。     

大学生手淫的危害、原因与预防

当代大学生手淫行为比较普遍,很多大学生在上大学之前就养成了难以自控的手淫习惯。大学生手淫既影响了他们的身心健康,对他们在校园里健康成长成材也构成了严重的威胁。从思想与心里教育角度引导大学生正确对待手淫,促使他们养成积极健康的生活习惯,对他们将来人生的健康发展及营造和谐的校园风气具有重要的作用。文章论述了当代大学生手淫的根源、手淫危害、诱发因素、手淫动机及预防、矫治措施。     

三阶段心理护理在MRI增强扫描护理中的体会

目的 对比研究三阶段心理护理对MR增强扫描患者顺利完成榆查的价值.方法 一般护理组和心理护理组各126例,分别观察两组在造影检查过程中不良反应出现的情况,并分别计数.结果 心理护理组的不良后果发生率低于一般护理组,X2检验P＜0.05,差异有显著性.结论 运用三阶段心理护理能有效地降低MR增强扫描中出现的不良后果,具有良好的临床应用价值.     

Professional Education in Co-occurring Disorders: Some Considerations towards Practice Development

The aims of this paper are to provide a brief overview of the types of education and training as well as a framework for co-occurring disorders courses at foundation and advanced levels. Mental health nurses encounter substance abuse problems as part of their workload and should be prepared adequately to work with individuals with the co-existence of mental health and substance abuse. However, co-occurring disorders are not often picked up by substance abuse or mental health services, indicating a need for improvement in ongoing professional development. The targeted audience for education and training in core competencies should be staff working in community mental health teams, inpatient services, assertive outreach teams, early intervention teams, crisis resolution teams, primary care, mental health services for older people, independent mental health projects, accommodation services, day care services, statutory drug and alcohol services, independent drug and alcohol service providers, and those working in hostel accommodations, housing, prison health care probation, and others in the criminal justice system. The theoretical and skills-based training will need to adopt a two-tiered approach as individuals working within mental health services will by definition need a higher emphasis on training around substance misuse and vice versa for individuals working in substance misuse services. One of the agenda items for interagency training is to challenge negative attitudes and prejudices around both mental health problems and substance misuse.