APS护士对自控镇痛患者满意度影响因素的研究

目的 探讨急性疼痛服务组织(Acute Pain Service,APS)护理质量持续改进对自控镇痛患者满意度的影响,找出APS工作中存在的护理问题,提高患者满意度.方法 回顾性分析我院2013年6月至2014年9月术后自控镇痛患者(Patient-Controlled Analgesia,PCA)满意度调查结果,针对存在的问题,采取相应的护理改进措施,比较采取措施前后患者满意度的调查结果.结果 2013年的1320份满意度调查表中,满意度不达标184例(占13.9%),其中因服务态度导致不满28例,占2.1%;健康宣教导致不满31例,占2.3%;设备故障导致不满占28例,占2.1%;镇痛效果及其他方面导致不满97例,占7.3%.2014年的1320份满意度调查表中,满意度不达标95例(占7.3%),其中因服务态度导致不满26例,占2.0%;健康宣教导致不满21例,占1.6%;设备故障导致不满占19例,占1.4%;镇痛效果及其他方面导致不满29例,占2.2%.护理质量改进措施实施前患者的每月满意度低于实施后(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义.结论 APS护士对术后自控镇痛患者满意度调查结果表明,患者满意度调查的问题及时反馈、分析和改进,有利于提高自控镇痛患者满意度及护理质量.     

小剂量氯胺酮和芬太尼用于妇科术后病人自控镇痛的临床研究

目的 :观察小剂量氯胺酮辅助芬太尼用于妇科手术后静脉病人自控镇痛 (PCIA)的临床效果和安全性。方法 :72例ASAI～II级、在椎管内麻醉下行择期妇科手术病人 ,随机分为三组 ,每组2 4例 ,术后行PCIA。配方I组为芬太尼 0 .75mg 氟哌啶 7.5mg 生理盐水至 15 0ml;II组和III组再分别加入氯胺酮 75mg、15 0mg并用生理盐水稀释至 15 0ml。PCIA设置 :负荷剂量 0 .1ml/kg ,单次给药剂量 0 .0 5ml/kg ,连续给药速度 0 .0 4ml/kg/h ,锁定时间 15分钟。术后 4h、8h、2 4h记录BP、P、RR、芬太尼用量、PCA按压次数 (demand)、疼痛评分 (VAPS)、镇静评分 (VASS)、疲倦评分(VATS)、恶心评分 (VANS)及副作用发生情况。结果 :术后 4h随访时芬太尼用量、PCA按压次数三组间无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。术后 8h、2 4h随访时III组芬太尼用量、PCA泵按压次数明显少于前二组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :小剂量氯胺酮 (1.1μg /kg/min)与芬太尼联合用于椎管内麻醉妇科手术后PCIA能够减少芬太尼用量 ,并未增加副作用的发生 ,是安全有效的镇痛措施。而 0 .6 5 μg /kg/min的氯胺酮并不产生明显的芬太尼节省效应。     

An exploration of the handover process of critically ill patients between nursing staff from the emergency department and the intensive care unit

The transfer of information between nurses from emergency departments (EDs) and critical care units is essential to achieve a continuity of effective, individualized and safe patient care. There has been much written in the nursing literature pertaining to the function and process of patient handover in general nursing practice; however, no studies were found pertaining to this handover process between nurses in the ED environment and those in the critical care environment. The aim was to explore the process of patient handover between ED and intensive care unit (ICU) nurses when transferring a patient from ED to the ICU. This study used a multi-method design that combined documentation review, semistructured individual interviews and focus group interviews. A multi-method approach combining individual interviews, focus group interviews and documentation review was used in this study. The respondents were selected from the ED and ICU of two acute hospitals within Northern Ireland. A total of 12 respondents were selected for individual interviews, three nurses from ED and ICU, respectively, from each acute hospital. Two focus groups interviews were carried out, each consisting of four ED and four ICU nurses, respectively. Qualitative analysis of the data revealed that there was no structured and consistent approach to how handovers actually occurred. Nurses from both ED and ICU lacked clarity as to when the actual handover process began. Nurses from both settings recognized the importance of the information given and received during handover and deemed it to have an important role in influencing quality and continuity of care. Nurses from both departments would benefit from a structured framework or aide memoir to guide the handover process. Collaborative work between the nursing teams in both departments would further enhance understanding of each others' roles and expectations.     

Surveying patients about their experience with a urinary catheter

About 15–20% of hospital inpatients are catheterized, and it has been estimated that in an average sized hospital 10–15 patients will die each year from catheter‐related sepsis. Reducing catheterization rates or indwell times has been shown to reduce associated sepsis. This study examined patient experience of catheterization; the rationale for the study was to broaden understanding of catheter impact as part of a wider quality improvement agenda. Fifty patients completed a detailed catheter‐experience patient questionnaire. The patients were all inpatients from 17 wards across a range of specialties. Data were sought on demographics, catheter status, experience and their knowledge of and involvement in the catheter care. Fifty percent gender split. Median catheter time was 5 d (range 2 h to long term). Median age 72 years (range 22–92). Thirty‐four percent (n = 17) of patients did not have the process and options discussed before catheterization. Eighteen percent did not know why they were catheterized. Patients experienced leaking (32%), ‘pain’ (26%), inconvenience (26%), embarrassment (24%), blocking (24%) with 8% finding their catheters ‘restrictive’. Fourteen percent felt they could have coped without the catheter. Urinary catheters have a profound and often negative effect on the inpatient experience. This information can help support and empower colleagues to push for less urinary catheter use in the non‐urological inpatient population and start to better understand the patient experience.     

盐酸特拉唑嗪治疗中国人群良性前列腺增生患者的多中心临床研究

目的 评价维持剂量盐酸特拉唑嗪治疗中国人群BPH患者的有效性、安全性和依从性. 方法2007年6月至2008年3月在中国32家泌尿外科中心开展了多中心、前瞻性临床研究,方案为口服盐酸特拉唑嗪1～4 mg,1次/d,共4周.主要评价指标是治疗2、4周时患者IPSS变化值;次要指标是治疗4周时Qmax,QOL变化值,治疗2、4周时血压变化值以及4周内脱落率.并通过对不良事件的分析评估其安全性. 结果共纳入1006例BPH患者(FAS集),资料合格者992例(PP集),合并高血压病344例.FAS集患者IPSS从基线的22.32±6.13降至2周时的16.98±5.92以及4周时的14.00±5.52(P＜0.01);PP集患者IPSS从基线的22.32±6.15降至2周时的16.96±5.93及4周时的13.95±5.52(P＜0.01).以IPSS与基线相比下降＞30%定义为有效,2周末有效率为26.54%,4周末为60.64%.治疗4周后Qmax 和QOL均有显著增高,分别改善32%和45%(P＜0.01).对于血压正常或高血压获得控制的患者,盐酸特拉唑嗪对血压的影响较小;而对伴有未治疗或未能控制血压的高血压患者,盐酸特拉唑嗪能一定程度降低血压(P＜0.05).治疗中不良事件发生率低,最常见为头晕(3.68%).研究结束时960例仍继续服药. 结论盐酸特拉唑嗪能有效改善中国人群BPH患者症状,显著提高生活质量,同时具有良好的安全性和依从性.     

Analysis of hospital discharge data to characterize obstructive sleep apnea and its management in adult patients hospitalized in Canada: 2006 to 2007

BACKGROUND:

Diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 2% to 7% of middle-age persons worldwide and represents a substantial health care burden. The gold standard for treating OSA in adults is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Compliance with this treatment is especially important in OSA patients experiencing concomitant acute and chronic disease or illness, and those undergoing procedures associated with sedation, analgesia and anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the clinical characteristics and management of hospitalized OSA patients in Canada.

METHODS:

Using the Canadian Institute for Health Information’s hospital Discharge Abstract Database (fiscal year 2006/2007), a retrospective cohort study of all acute care patients discharged with a diagnosis that included OSA was performed.

RESULTS:

An examination of the discharge data of 2,400,245 acute care hospital abstracts identified 8823 cases of OSA. The mean age of OSA patients was 45.7 years and 66.5% were men. The most common comorbidities in the adult OSA population were obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In adult OSA patients, the reported surgical intervention rate using uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (9.6%) was much higher than interventional CPAP therapy (4.8%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Only a small percentage of hospitalized OSA patients were documented as having received CPAP therapy during their stay. Issues relating to the accuracy, specificity and completeness of the Canadian Institute for Health Information’s hospital Discharge Abstract Database specific to OSA and its management were identified. Practices pertaining to the reporting, coding and management of hospitalized adult OSA patients warrant further investigation and research.