硫酸阿米卡星的刺激性试验

目的 　观察硫酸阿米卡星注射液对兔血管壁和股四头肌是否有刺激性 ,为临床用药提供理论依据。方法 　新西兰兔耳缘静脉注射 0 .5 %硫酸阿米卡星 0 .6m L· kg- 1 ( 1m L· min- 1 ) ,1日 1次 ,连续 7d,及大腿股四头肌注射硫酸阿米卡星每只 1m L ,1次 ,末次给药后 48h,取兔耳血管和股四头肌作病理检查。结果 　与对照组比较 ,血管及肌肉经目检和镜检均未见明显的变化。结论　硫酸阿米卡星注射液对兔耳管壁和股四头肌无明显的刺激性     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检意义初探

目的：探讨开展乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检(Sentinel lymph node biopsy，SLNB)的必要性、可行性、准确性及临床应用价值。方法：对45例临床、B超及钼靶检测腋窝LN阴性的原发乳腺癌患者，术中在原发肿瘤周围注射专利蓝进行腋窝淋巴结切除(SLNB)，随后行腋窝淋巴结清扫(ALND)。术中对部分SLN、术后对全部LN行常规病理检查。结果：45例患者中41例检测到SLN，成功率91．1％；假阴性率为6．66％，SLNB总的敏感性是93．3％，特异性是96．1％；总的阳性和阴性预测值分别是93．3％和96．1％。结论：乳腺癌SLNB是一项有实用价值的新技术，目前国内外仍在研究阶段，随着研究的扩大与深入将有可能取代常规的ALND。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿活检的临床应用

目的　探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿活检的临床意义。方法　 96 0例患者 ,病变直径 1.9～ 14cm ,左肺 471例 ,右肺 489例 ;全部在CT引导下经皮穿刺活检。结果　穿刺成功率为 92 .91%,933例得到了最后的诊断 ,其中肺癌 6 5 3例 ,转移瘤 2 4例 ,结核 179例 ,肺内炎症 77例 ;93例出现了气胸 ,占 0 6 %,17例出现了咯血。结论　CT引导下的肺穿刺活检术是一个安全、并发症少、准确性高的诊断方法。     

Transjugular liver biopsy effecting changes in clinical management

Although transjugular liver biopsies are frequently performed in patients with impaired blood coagulation, their impact on effecting changes in clinical management has not been assessed. We reviewed our experience with 43 consecutive transjugular liver biopsies performed over 3 years (1998?2000) at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia. The technical success, procedural complication rates and subsequent management of these patients were ascertained from the medical case records. Forty‐two (28 men) patients were studied. The indications for liver biopsy were as follows: assessment of hepatitis/cirrhosis status (n = 21), evaluation of liver dysfunction following bone marrow transplantation (n = 19) and miscellaneous (n = 2). All liver biopsies were performed with a Cook 20‐G transjugular cutting needle device. Adequate histological samples were obtained in 42 (98%) of the 43 biopsies performed. The pre‐biopsy diagnoses were confirmed by histology in 28 cases (65%). A change in clinical diagnosis was observed in 12 (28%) patients, and there were changes to subsequent management in all 12 patients. Four patients developed procedural complications, including small neck haematomas in two patients and a self‐limiting biliary fistula in one. The only major complication was an extracapsular bleed from a hepatic laceration. This patient required emergency surgery but recovered. Transjugular liver biopsies can be effectively and safely performed in high‐risk patients with impaired coagulation. They aid accurate histological appraisal of liver dysfunction in these patients and influence clinical decision‐making.     

A simplified technique for embryo biopsy: Use of the same micropipette for zona drilling and blastomere aspiration

Purpose: Using different micropipettes for zona drilling and blastomere aspiration for embryo biopsy is prevalent at centers of preimplantation genetic diagnosis. The purpose of our study was to simplify the technique by using only one micropipette. Methods: In this animal model, ICR mouse embryos at the four-cell stage (n=446) were randomly allocated into two groups: a biopsied group (n=224) for blastomere aspiration and a control group (n=222) without micromanipulation. We used a drilling/biopsy micropipette to drill a hole in the zona by expulsion of acidified Tyrode’s solution and to aspirate the blastomere by gentle suction with the same micropipette and pull it out of the zona. One blastomere was biopsied from each embryo. Results: In all, 222 (99.1%) intact blastomeres were successfully biopsied from 224 embryos. Only two blastomeres were damaged during aspiration. The capacity for blastocyst development (92.4 vs 93.7%) was not different between the two groups, but the percentages of embryos hatching (51.8 vs 18.0%) and hatched (29.9 vs 8.1%) were significantly higher in the biopsied group than in the control group. Conclusions: This simplified technique of embryo biopsy is safe and highly efficient for obtaining blastomeres for preimplantation genetic diagnosis and may also facilitate hatching of the blastocysts.     

不同方法肺活检的评价

总结肺活检１００例，其中经皮穿刺肺活检５８例，分别在Ｘ线，ＣＴ，Ｂ超引下进行，经纤维支气管镜肺活检４２例，总诊断准确率为７８％，其中肺癌诊断准确度为７８．２％，良性病变为７７．８％，全组并发症总发生率为２６％，并对各种方法肺活检的临床价值进行了分析。     

乳腺疾病红外扫描假阳性假阴性图象204例病理分析

我院在１９９１年至１９９５年间使用电脑红外乳腺诊断仪检查１４１０例门诊和住院乳腺病人。通过红外诊断与病理诊断的综合分析，其中有８１例假阴性，有１２３假阳性。本文从病理角度讨论假性图象的成因。结果表明，病灶的小血管数、炎细胞数、纤维反应和上皮增生程度是红外扫描显示各种不同影象的主要因素。某些特殊的恶性病变，上述四项病变指标不足，显示假阴性影象。反之，某些良性病变，由于病变的特性使上述四项指标增强，则显示假阳性影象。     

Nasal ciliary beat frequency is age independent

Objectives: Evaluate the age-dependency of ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in biopsies after ciliogenesis in culture. Study Design: Retrospective analysis of CBF and ciliary ultrastructure in biopsies and after ciliogenesis from 203 individuals, aged 3 months to 74 years. Methods: All patients with successful culture were included. Ciliogenesis was obtained using the sequential monolayer-suspension culture technique for dissociated nasal epithelial cells. CBF was measured using computerized microscope photometry. Secondary ultrastructural abnormalities were evaluated in transmission electron microscopy. Results: There was no correlation between age and CBF, in either the biopsies (7.0 ± 2.6 Hz; n = 113) or after ciliogenesis in culture (8.1 ± 1.3 Hz; n = 203). Even in individuals older than 70 years, CBF was normal in bioptic material (6.7 ± 1.7 Hz) and after ciliogenesis in culture (7.9 ± 1.0 Hz). Also, in individuals less than 1 year of age CBF was normal in biopsies as well as after ciliogenesis. CBF correlated inversely with the percentage of secondary ultrastructural abnormalities in the biopsies as seen with transmission electron microscopy: 8.1 ± 1.8 Hz when ciliary ultrastructure was normal and 3.5 ± 3.3 Hz in cases of severe secondary ciliary dyskinesia. After ciliogenesis in culture, ciliary ultra-structure was always normal, as was CBF. Conclusion: CBF is age independent but correlates with secondary ultrastructural abnormalities. CBF after ciliogenesis in culture is the intrinsic one.     

Iatrogenic seeding of anaplastic astrocytoma following stereotactic biopsy

We present a case of probable tumor seeding along the needle tract following computer tomography-guided stereotactic biopsy of an anaplastic astrocytoma in a 23 year old male. Six months after the initial biopsy and 3 months following a second stereotactic procedure for cyst aspiration, a second lesion appeared directly along the biopsy trajectory at a distance from the primary tumor. This lesion is presumed to be recurrent tumor and appears to have been spread iatrogenically following the biopsy of the initial tumor and the subsequent cyst aspiration along the same tract.     

蓝色染料和核素方法在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结定位活检中的应用比较

目的探讨蓝色染料和核素方法在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结定位活检中的可靠性、准确性和临床应用价值.方法运用异硫蓝或^99Tc硫胶体结合术中γ探头或联合两种方法对61例腋淋巴结阴性的乳腺癌病人进行前哨淋巴结定位活检.结果前哨淋巴结定位活检总成功率为95.1%(58/61),2例假阴性,假阴性率7.7%,敏感性92.3%,前哨淋巴结预测区域转移准确率96.6%,特异性100.0%.单用蓝色染料方法的成功率88.2%,假阴性率12.5%,敏感性87.5%,准确率93.3%;单用放射核素结合术中γ探头,成功率为95.2%,假阴性率11.1%,敏感性88.9%,准确率95.0%;两种方法联合,成功率100.0%,无假阴性,敏感性100.0%,准确率100.0%.结论前哨淋巴结定位活检在乳腺癌中能很好反映腋淋巴结转移状况,对指导乳腺癌腋淋巴结清扫的必要性和合理性有极大的应用价值.蓝色染料和核素探测两者相互补充,可提高前哨淋巴结的成功率和准确率.