老年重症肺炎病原菌及其影响因素

目的探讨老年重症肺炎病原菌及其影响因素。方法回顾性分析2016年11月-2019年12月海南省儋州市中医医院收治的老年肺部感染患者269例,分为重症肺炎组和非重症肺炎组,收集患者临床资料和临床症状,采集痰液标本进行病原菌检查、药敏试验。结果重症肺炎发生率27.14%(73/269)。血氧分压降低为最常见临床表现(76.71%)。痰液标本分离出104株病原菌,革兰阴性菌76株(73.08%),最常见为铜绿假单胞菌(26.92%)。铜绿假单胞菌对氨苄西林的耐药率96.43%,不动杆菌属对氨苄西林的耐药率100.00%。老年重症肺炎和老年非重症肺炎患者在年龄、多脏器功能受损、合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、出现意识障碍具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。年龄、多脏器功能受损、合并COPD、出现意识障碍、糖尿病,均成为老年肺部感染重症的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论老年重症肺炎患者临床症状表现不十分典型,革兰阴性菌是老年重症肺炎的主要致病菌而且耐药率高。年龄、多脏器功能受损,合并COPD、意识障碍、糖尿病,是老年肺部感染成为重症的独立危险因素,可针对这些患者采取针对性的措施进行防范和干预。     

300例慢性前列腺炎患者病原菌检测及复合药敏试验

目的分析慢性前列腺炎(chronicprostatitis,CP)致病菌及复合药敏试验规律,探索治疗方法.方法对300例无菌采集的前列腺液(EPS)标本同时接种需氧菌,厌氧菌、L型菌培养基鉴定并做药敏试验.结果表皮葡萄球菌(58.3%)、丙酸杆菌(29.3%)为CP致病的两大优势菌;二者在致病过程中具有协同作用;表皮葡萄菌随年龄增大而感染率降低,三组间有显著性差异(P＜0.05),L型菌是疾病复发、难以治愈的原因之一;治疗首选利福平、氟哌酸而青霉素、洁霉素几乎是无效的.结论多种形式的细菌检测和复合药敏试验是非常必要的,目前尚无他法替代.     

肝豆状核变性分子生物学研究

【目的】探讨中国人肝豆状核变性(WD)的分子发病机制和基因诊断的方法。【方法】应用基因工程技术对WD进行了10年的分子生物学研究。【结果】①WD的基因定位研究通过RFLP及微卫星多态性分析,应用两位点及多位点连锁软件,建立了中国人WD基因在D     

Impact of donor extracellular vesicle release on recipient cell “cross-dressing” following clinical liver and kidney transplantation

In several murine models of transplantation, the “cross-dressing” of recipient antigen presenting cells (APCs) with intact donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) derived from allograft-released small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) has been recently described as a key mechanism in eliciting and sustaining alloimmune responses. Investigation of these processes in clinical organ transplantation has, however, been hampered by the lack of sensitivity of conventional instruments and assays. We have employed advanced imaging flow cytometry (iFCM) to explore the kinetics of allograft sEV release and the extent to which donor sEVs might induce cross-dressing following liver and kidney transplantation. We report for the first time that recipient APC cross-dressing can be transiently detected in the circulation shortly after liver, but not kidney, transplantation in association with the release of HLA-bearing allograft-derived sEVs. In liver transplant recipients the majority of circulating cells exhibiting donor HLA are indeed cross-dressed cells and not passenger leukocytes. In keeping with experimental animal data, the downstream functional consequences of the transfer of circulating sEVs harvested from human transplant recipients varies depending on the type of transplant and time posttransplant. sEVs released shortly after liver, but not kidney, transplantation exhibit immunoinhibitory effects that could influence liver allograft immunogenicity.     

Increased risk of neonatal complications and infections in children of kidney-transplanted women: A nationwide controlled cohort study

Information related to short- and long-term risks of children born to kidney-transplanted women remains limited. With the aim of investigating the risk of neonatal complications, and the short- and long-term risk of infections in offspring of kidney-transplanted women, all children born to kidney-transplanted women in Denmark from 1964 to 2016 were identified in a nationwide retrospective matched cohort study. A total of 124 children of kidney-transplanted women were identified and matched on gender, birth year, and number of siblings at birth 1:10 with children born to nontransplanted women identified in the Danish general population. Prevalence of low birth weight (37.9%, risk ratio [RR] = 12.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.5-18.5), premature birth (46.0%, RR = 11.32; 95% CI, 8.1-15.7) and malformations (11.3%, RR = 1.98; 95% CI, 1.2-3.4) was increased in children of kidney-transplanted women compared with controls. Similarly, prevalence of hospitalization due to infection was increased during the first year of life (21.0%, RR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.3-2.8), from age 1 to 5 (34.2%, RR = 1.89; 95% CI, 1.4-2.5), and overall (41.9%, RR = 1.67; 95% CI, 1.3-2.1). The risk of infection was also higher in children of kidney-transplanted mothers born preterm or with low birth weight compared with similar controls. In conclusion, risk of neonatal complications, malformations, and both early and late infection were increased in children born to kidney-transplanted women.     

Platelet glycoprotein VI-dependent thrombus stabilization is essential for the intraportal engraftment of pancreatic islets

Platelet activation and thrombus formation have been implicated to be detrimental for intraportal pancreatic islet transplants. The platelet-specific collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) plays a key role in thrombosis through cellular activation and the subsequent release of secondary mediators. In aggregometry and in a microfluidic dynamic assay system modeling flow in the portal vein, pancreatic islets promoted platelet aggregation and triggered thrombus formation, respectively. While platelet GPVI deficiency did not affect the initiation of these events, it was found to destabilize platelet aggregates and thrombi in this process. Interestingly, while no major difference was detected in early thrombus formation after intraportal islet transplantation, genetic GPVI deficiency or acute anti-GPVI treatment led to an inferior graft survival and function in both syngeneic mouse islet transplantation and xenogeneic human islet transplantation models. These results demonstrate that platelet GPVI signaling is indispensable in stable thrombus formation induced by pancreatic islets. GPVI deficiency resulted in thrombus destabilization and inferior islet engraftment indicating that thrombus formation is necessary for a successful intraportal islet transplantation in which platelets are active modulators.     

Liver transplantation in a patient after COVID-19 – Rapid loss of antibodies and prolonged viral RNA shedding

To date, little is known about the duration and effectiveness of immunity as well as possible adverse late effects after an infection with SARS-CoV-2. Thus it is unclear, when and if liver transplantation can be safely offered to patients who suffered from COVID-19. Here, we report on a successful liver transplantation shortly after convalescence from COVID-19 with subsequent partial seroreversion as well as recurrence and prolonged shedding of viral RNA.