TORCH检查的意义及应对措施

目的：为有效贯彻落实优生优育政策,临床探究孕妇产前TORCH检查的意义并根据结果分析相对应对措施。方法方便选取并回顾性分析该院2014年7月—2015年7月期间300例入院进行产检的孕妇,对49例出现不良妊娠以及60名正常者TORCH检查进行比照。结果不良妊娠组与正常组孕妇在年龄、孕周、孕次上差异无统计学意义,P>0.05;正常组弓形虫感染、风疹病毒、巨细胞病毒、乙肝检查、单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ、梅毒螺旋体检查、单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ分别为0.0%、0.0%、1.7%、1.7%、3.3%、1.7%,不良妊娠组依次为6.1%、10.2%、8.2%、12.2%、6.1%、14.3%,两组在乙肝检查异常率上差异无统计学意义,P>0.05,不良妊娠组较正常组在弓形虫感染、风疹病毒、巨细胞病毒、单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ、单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ异常率高,P<0.05。结论孕妇产前TORCH检查对避免不良妊娠、胎儿先天缺陷、畸形、死胎等情况均有重要意义。     

综合医院体检人群抑郁状况及相关因素分析研究

背景　两条目患者健康问卷抑郁量表（PHQ-2）作为一个简短有效的抑郁筛查工具在国外及国内广泛应用,国外主要应用在12岁以上患者的抑郁筛查（证据B级）,国内主要应用在特定人群抑郁的流行病学调查,而关于一般人群的调查较少。目的　了解体检人群抑郁状况,分析抑郁状态的影响因素。方法　采用整群抽样的方法,抽取2016年4月在香港大学深圳医院体检中心的体检者（≥18岁）为调查对象,以体检者的一般信息及PHQ-2中文版（PHQ-2-C）为调查工具,收集体检者的性别、年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状态、健康状态自评、运动习惯、吸烟习惯、饮酒习惯、总体睡眠质量及女性体检者妊娠次数、生育情况、避孕方式、妇科疾病等情况。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨抑郁发生的影响因素。结果　共回收问卷6 560份,其中有效问卷6 518份,问卷有效回收率为99.36%,抑郁状况阳性率为3.84%（250/6 518）。不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、健康状态自评、运动习惯、吸烟习惯、总体睡眠质量的体检者抑郁情况不同,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、婚姻状况、健康状态自评、运动习惯、吸烟习惯、总体睡眠质量是抑郁发生的影响因素（P<0.05）。不同生育情况、避孕方式、妇科疾病女性体检者抑郁情况比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　综合医院体检人群抑郁状况阳性率为3.84%,且女性高于男性。低龄、分居/离婚/丧偶、健康状态自评差、没有/甚少运动习惯、经常吸烟、总体睡眠质量不好是体检人群有抑郁状况的危险因素。而生育情况、避孕方式、妇科疾病会影响女性的抑郁情况。     

A 24-h pneumoperitoneum leads to multiple organ impairment in a porcine model

BACKGROUND: An intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) of 15 mm Hg reduces intestinal organ perfusion in humans and animals, but it is unknown whether this results in organ damage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if an IAP of 15 mm Hg lasting for 24 h in a porcine model will lead to morphologic impairment of intestinal and adjacent organs. METHODS: We examined 12 intubated and anesthetized domestic pigs (51.8 +/- 4.4 kg). Using CO2 pneumoperitoneum, the IAP was raised to 15 mm Hg (study group, n = 6) for an investigation period of 24 h. In the control group, the IAP remained unchanged. Investigated parameters were cardiac output (CO), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), and urine output (UO), as well as serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate, lipase, and alkaline phosphatase (AP). Additionally, histopathological examinations were performed.Results. In comparison to the control, CO did not change, while UO decreased significantly by 59% and PIP increased significantly to more than 30 mbar. Serum ALT and AP increased significantly while there was no change in creatinine, lactate, and lipase. Histopathologically, low-grade liver necrosis (12% of liver lobuli), low-grade proximal tubular epithelial necrosis, and low bowel mucosal damage were observed.Conclusion. In this porcine model, an IAP of 15 mm Hg lasting for 24 h was found to result in functional and morphologic impairment of lungs, liver, kidneys, and bowel. These results imply that a prolonged IAP of 15 mm Hg predisposes to multiorgan dysfunction and that a safe duration of increased IAP still has to be determined.     

胆囊切除术后肝外胆管残余结石的预防

目的 探讨胆囊切除术后肝外胆管残余结石的预防.方法 回顾分析7 921例胆石症患者的临床资料.将磁共振胰胆管成像(magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography,MRCP)作为胆石症术前常规检查,术中疑有胆管结石者及时行经胆囊管造影或经胆囊管胆道镜探查,术中尽量避免医源性胆管结石残留.结果 本组7921例胆石症患者,经MRCP检查及术中造影、胆道镜探查发现B超漏诊胆管结石152例,仅发生3例胆管结石残余,明显低于国外同类报道.结论 MRCP可作为胆囊切除术前常规辅助检查,能有效提高胆总管下端结石的确诊率.术中采取经胆囊管造影、经胆囊管胆道镜探查以及提高术者操作技巧等措施,可明显地减少胆囊切除术后肝外胆管残余结石的发生率.     

Intra-observer and inter-observer agreement of the manual examination of the lumbar spine in chronic low-back pain

Examination is a cornerstone in the manual procedures leading to mobilisation/manipulation of the low back. The observer variation of the more specific segmental tests remains to be investigated. Two skilled specialists in manual medicine examined the segmental changes in the lumbar spine. The patients were unknown to the examiners and no information of the case history was given. All test results were recorded by an observer present in the room who ensured that no conversation was allowed during the examination. The primary outcome measures were the kappa values for each test. The matching was defined as acceptable (acc) within two neighbouring levels and perfect (per) on the same level. Intra-observer variation (tested in 33 patients and 10 subjects without low-back pain): The agreement between first and second segmental diagnosis examination was 70% (per) and 82% (per + acc). Kappa values were: segmental diagnosis 0.60 (per) and 0.70 (per + acc), multifidus test 0.51 (per) and 0.60 (per + acc), sideflexion 0.57 (per) and 0.69 (per + acc), and ventral flexion 0.31 (per) and 0.45 (per + acc). Inter-observer variation (tested in 60 patients): The agreement for segmental diagnosis between the examiner A and B was 42% (per) and 75% (per + acc). Kappa values were: segmental diagnosis 0.21 (per) and 0.57 (acc), multifidus test 0.12 (per) and 0.48 (acc), sideflexion 0.22 (per) and 0.45 (acc), and ventralflexion 0.22 (per) and 0.44 (acc). By manual tests, skilled examiners seem to be able to diagnose segmental dysfunctions in the low back. The clinical implication of these dysfunctions remains to be clarified.     

乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结清扫术中保留上肢淋巴结的可行性研究

目的 探讨乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结清扫术(ALND)中保留上肢淋巴结的可行性.方法 52例早期乳腺癌在施行ALND前于患侧前臂皮下注射亚甲蓝5 ml进行上肢淋巴结定位,术中分检出上肢淋巴结和水平Ⅱ淋巴结,水平Ⅱ淋巴结进行印片细胞学和冰冻切片病检.术后所有淋巴结分组进行常规病检.结果 52例术中可见上肢淋巴结蓝染50例(96.2...     

前列腺黏液腺癌2例报告及文献复习

目的：探讨前列腺黏液腺癌的病理和诊疗特点。方法：回顾性分析我院1995年1月～2011年3月收治的2例前列腺黏液腺癌患者的临床资料,并结合文献复习,分析其特点。结果：2例患者年龄分别为73和84岁,因不同程度的排尿困难入院。1例误诊为前列腺增生,行经尿道前列腺电切术;另1例直肠指检、B超、CT、MRI及PSA检查均提示为前列腺癌,行穿刺活检后确诊,根据患者全身状况行硬膜外麻醉下经尿道前列腺电切术,以改善排尿症状,术后病理检查回报为前列腺黏液腺癌,免疫组织化学检查有较特异性表现。术后给予抗雄激素治疗等。结论：前列腺黏液腺癌在前列腺癌中罕见,没有特征性的临床表现,确诊主要依靠病理和免疫组织化学检查;治疗方法可采用根治性前列腺切除术。     

Reference for the 2011 revision of the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury

The latest revision of the International Standards for the Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) was available in booklet format in June 2011, and is published in this issue of the Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. The ISNCSCI were initially developed in 1982 to provide guidelines for the consistent classification of the neurological level and extent of the injury to achieve reliable data for clinical care and research studies. This revision was generated from the Standards Committee of the American Spinal Injury Association in collaboration with the International Spinal Cord Society's Education Committee. This article details and explains the updates and serves as a reference for these revisions and clarifications.     

Prostate-specific antigen 1.5-4.0 ng/mL: a diagnostic challenge and danger zone

Study Type – Prognosis (inception cohort) Level of Evidence 1b What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Large population screening trials like the ERSPC, PCPT and PLCO have noted that men with seemingly low PSA (even as low as 0.5 ng/dL) still can have prostate cancer. Despite these findings, PSA is still predominantly used as a current indicator for possible presence of prostate cancer rather than also serving as a prognostic marker. This study examines a larger number of men in a diverse US population to determine the prognostic value of a man’s baseline or first PSA.

OBJECTIVES

? To assess the value of a PSA threshold of 1.5 ng/mL as a predictor of increased prostate cancer risk over a four‐year period based on a man’s first PSA test, including racial differences. ? To review the risk of progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) based on a similar PSA threshold.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

? A retrospective review involving 21 502 men from a large Midwestern health system was performed. ? Men at least 40 years old with baseline PSA values between 0 and 4.0 ng/mL and at least four years of follow‐up after initial PSA test were included. ? Optimal PSA threshold and predictive value of PSA for development of prostate cancer were calculated.

RESULTS

? Prostate cancer rates were 15‐fold higher in patients with PSA ≥1.5 ng/mL vs patients with PSA <1.5 ng/mL (7.85% vs 0.51%). ? African American patients with baseline PSA <1.5 ng/mL faced prostate cancer rates similar to the whole study population (0.54% vs 0.51%, respectively), while African American patients with PSA 1.5–4.0 ng/mL faced a 19‐fold increase in prostate cancer.

CONCLUSION

? Both Caucasian and African American men with baseline PSA values between 1.5 and 4.0 ng/mL are at increased risk for future prostate cancer compared with those who have an initial PSA value below the 1.5 ng/mL threshold. ? Based on a growing body of literature and this analysis, it is recommended that a first PSA test threshold of 1.5 ng/mL and above, or somewhere between 1.5 and 4.0 ng/mL, represent the Early‐Warning PSA Zone (EWP Zone). ? This should serve to inform patients and clinicians alike to future clinical activities with respect to prostate cancer and BPH.     

芹灵冲剂的急性和长期毒性实验研究

目的：观察芹灵冲剂对动物的急性、长期毒性及中毒靶器官,为临床安全用药提供依据。方法：急性毒性实验用小鼠以口服和腹腔给药,分别测定ＬＤ５０ 和ＭＤＴ,并推算出相当临床人用量的倍数。长期毒性实验用大白鼠,设３０ｇ·ｋｇ－１ 、１０ｇ·ｋｇ－１ 两个剂量组和生理盐水对照组,连续灌服９０ｄ,观察动物的饮食、体重。于实验第４５ｄ、９０ｄ 和停药后２８ｄ,分别各处死１／３动物,取血测定血常规及其生化指标,并取出主要脏器作组织病理学检查。结果：芹灵冲剂的口服ＬＤ５０ 未能测出,ＭＴＤ为１００ｇ·ｋｇ－１ ,相当于人临床用量的２００ 倍。注射剂腹腔注射ＬＤ５０ 为１９．７３ｇ·ｋｇ－１ 。芹灵冲剂慢性毒性实验,大鼠连续灌服９０ｄ,小剂量１０ｇ·ｋｇ－１ 和大剂量３０ｇ·ｋｇ－１ 组动物饮食、体重正常,血液及生化指标均未见异常,主要脏器组织学观察未见病理改变。结论：芹灵冲剂口服用药,连续服用较安全