柴胡桂枝干姜汤治疗惊恐障碍的临床观察

目的通过对比柴胡桂枝干姜汤和帕罗西汀治疗惊恐障碍的汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分及中医症状评分量表评分,观察柴胡桂枝干姜汤治疗惊恐障碍的临床疗效。方法随机纳入60例惊恐障碍患者,平均分入两组进行4个疗程(1疗程为7 d)的治疗,中药组给予柴胡桂枝干姜汤,对照组给予帕罗西汀20 mg/d,通过HAMA评分及中医症状评分量表评分,对比其疗效。结果治疗4个疗程后,HAMA评分显示中药组、对照组临床愈显率分别为50%、46.67%,总有效率皆为93.33%,中医症状评分显示中药组、对照组临床愈显率分别为43.33%、53.33%,总有效率分别为90%、86.67%,两组总有效率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。失眠、胃肠道症状、植物神经系统症状,中药组疗效明显优于对照组;认知功能、抑郁心境、心血管系统症状,对照组疗效明显优于中药组(P<0.05)。中医症状中不寐、脘腹胀满、纳呆便溏,中药组疗效明显优于对照组;惊恐、心悸、抑郁寡欢症状,对照组疗效明显优于中药组(P<0.05)。结论柴胡桂枝干姜汤治疗惊恐障碍安全有效,在改善失眠、胃肠道症状、植物神经系统症状以及中医症状中的不寐、脘腹胀满、纳呆便溏上效果明显。     

Pattern of antibodies to the Duffy binding like domain of Plasmodium falciparum antigen Pf332 in Senegalese individuals

Acquisition of antibodies against blood stage antigens is crucial in malaria immunity and the Plasmodium falciparum antigen Pf332, which is present in close association with the infected red blood cell membrane, is one such antigen. In this study, the antibody response to a Duffy binding like fragment of Pf332, termed Pf332-DBL was investigated in sera from naturally exposed individuals living in Dielmo village, Senegal, with regard to immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgM, IgE) and IgG subclasses (IgG1–4). While the levels of IgM, IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 only displayed a moderate trend to increase with age, Pf332-DBL specific IgG3 levels increased significantly in the older villagers. In multivariate analysis, when controlling for confounding factors, and in a linear model with a Poisson distribution, anti-Pf332-DBL IgG3 as well as the ratio of cytophilic to non cytophilic anti-Pf332-DBL antibodies were found significantly associated with a reduced risk of malaria attack. This association was also present when the IgG3:IgG1 ratio was tested. Finally, two subgroups of villagers with the same mean age, were delineated by IgG3 concentrations either lower or higher than the median value. A total of 45.2% of the individuals with low anti-Pf332-DBL-IgG3 levels but only 21.4% of the villagers in the group with high levels of such antibodies had a clinical malaria attack during a period of 3 years of continuous follow-up after the blood sampling. In conclusion, Pf332-DBL induces naturally the acquisition of antibodies, and Pf332-DBL-specific IgG3 appears to be associated with protection against malaria in this endemic setting.     

注射用丹参多酚酸治疗椎基底动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作的临床观察

目的 评价注射用丹参多酚酸治疗椎基底动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）的有效性和安全性。方法 选取2017年8月-2018年8月在哈尔滨市第二医院神经内三科住院的椎基底动脉系统TIA的患者76例,随机分成观察组和对照组。观察组39例,对照组37例,对照组采用抗血小板聚集和脑保护剂等常规治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加用注射用丹参多酚酸0.13 g,每日1次,60 min内静脉滴注,连续给药14 d。对治疗后患者分别评定疗效以及不良反应。实验室指标包括血尿常规、肝肾功能、空腹血糖、血脂,治疗前及治疗后各检查1次,头CT或MRI、心电图在治疗前和治疗后各检查1次。治疗后随访3个月,观察病情变化,统计TIA转化成脑梗死的发生情况。结果 观察组治疗后3个月内TIA再次发作次数平均为（1.61±0.52）次,3个月内脑梗死发生4例,均留有轻度神经功能缺损表现,发生率为10.26%;对照组治疗后3个月内TIA再次发作次数平均为（3.12±0.49）次,3个月内脑梗死发生11例,均有轻度神经功能缺损表现,其中l例治疗期间发生急性脑梗死后静脉溶栓治疗,治疗后留有严重神经功能缺损表现,脑梗死发生率为29.37%。治疗后观察组的效果显著优于对照组（P<0.05）。复查实验室指标即血尿常规、肝肾功能、空腹血糖、血脂,无新发异常病例,原指标异常者复查结果较用药前无明显变化。结论 应用注射用丹参多酚酸观察组显示出良好的临床疗效,可有效控制椎基底动脉系统TIA,缓解血管痉挛症状;在治疗过程中两组均未发现明显的肝肾功能异常及其他不良反应,具有良好的用药安全性,丹参多酚酸治疗椎基底动脉系统TIA安全有效。     

阿加曲班联合氯吡格雷治疗短暂性脑缺血发作的临床研究

目的探讨阿加曲班注射液联合硫酸氯吡格雷片治疗短暂性脑缺血发作的临床疗效。方法选取2016年1月—2018年12月天津中医药大学第一附属医院收治的205例短暂性脑缺血发作患者为研究对象,将所有患者根据危险因素分为对照组(80例)和治疗组(125例)。对照组晨起口服硫酸氯吡格雷片,75 mg/次,1次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加用阿加曲班注射液,60 mg/d,持续静脉泵注48 h,随后20 mg/次,2次/d,持续静脉泵注5 d,随后停用;两组患者治疗14 d。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组的凝血指标、随访结果。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为83.75%、91.20%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者纤维蛋白原(FIB)显著下降,凝血酶原时间(PT)和活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)均明显升高,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组患者凝血指标明显优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,对照组和治疗组的再发作率分别为17.50%、5.60%,恶化率分别为8.75%、3.20%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论阿加曲班注射液联合硫酸氯吡格雷片治疗短暂性脑缺血发作具有较好的临床疗效,能调节凝血指标,降低再发作率和恶化率,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

哮喘急性发作与肺炎支原体感染关系研究简

目的 探讨肺炎支原体（MP）感染与患者哮喘急性发作的关系.方法 将70例哮喘急性发作期患者分为轻度急性发作组、中度急性发作组、重度急性发作组,选取健康体检者为对照组,分析各组MP特异性抗体、MP阳性检出率、细胞因子水平的差异.结果 哮喘组患者MP-IgM、MP-IgG阳性检出率为高于健康对照组（P〈0.05）,急性哮喘组IFN-γ、IL-6、TNF-α水平显著高于其他各组及对照组（P〈0.05）.结论 引起哮喘急性发作的原因可能与MP感染有关,且细胞因子水平的改变可能是导致MP感染发病的主要机制.     

A case series of LMWH use in pregnancy: Should trough anti-Xa levels guide dosing?

Introduction

Pregnancy is a thrombogenic state, increasing the risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE), and the risk of valve thrombosis amongst women with mechanical heart valves (MHV). While low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) are generally dosed based on weight (i.e., enoxaparin 1 mg/kg every 12 hours), data in pregnant women have shown that weight-based dosing does not consistently achieve target anti-Xa levels. In women with MHV, our practice includes titrating LMWH doses to target both trough and peak anti-Xa levels, while for those with VTE peak anti-Xa levels guide dosing.

Materials/Methods

This retrospective case series included pregnant women requiring LMWH treatment doses with at least 3 peak (+/− trough) anti-Xa levels. Our primary objective was to describe the actual LMWH dose required to achieve targeted anti-Xa levels relative to weight-based dosing in patients with MHV. Secondarily, we compared the same for VTE patients; compared actual dosing between those with MHV and VTE; and examined maternal and fetal outcomes.

Results/Conclusion

Women with MHV (N = 4) required greater than weight-based dosing of enoxaparin (1.35 mg/kg Q12H) to achieve targeted anti-Xa levels. Importantly, achieving target peak anti-Xa levels did not always ensure maintenance of minimum trough levels. VTE patients (N = 12) did not require more enoxaparin (0.96 mg/kg Q12H) than weight based dosing. MHV patients received more enoxaparin compared to VTE patients (P < 0.001). No bleeding or clotting complications were associated with LMWH administration. In pregnant women with MHV at high risk of thromboembolism, LMWH dosing guided by trough and peak anti-Xa levels should be considered.     

A randomized,controlled trial of aerobic exercise in combination with paroxetine in the treatment of panic disorder

Abstract

Objectives. Regular aerobic exercise (running) has been shown to be superior to a pill placebo in the treatment of panic disorder. Combined drug and exercise treatment has not been investigated in randomized controlled studies to date. Methods. This is a randomized, 10-week, controlled, parallel group, pilot study. A total of 75 outpatients with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (DSM-IV and ICD-10) received either (1) exercise plus paroxetine 40 mg/day (n=21), (2) relaxation plus paroxetine (n=17), (3) exercise plus pill placebo (n=20), or (4) relaxation plus pill placebo (n=17). Changes in the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (P&A), and the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) underwent repeated measure analysis. Results. Effects sizes were large for all groups (d=1.53–3.87), however not significantly different. Paroxetine-treated patients were significantly more improved than placebo-treated patients. On the CGI, patients in the exercise groups (plus paroxetine or placebo) had a trend toward better improvement compared to relaxation (P=0.06). Response and remission rates were higher in the paroxetine compared to pill placebo groups. Conclusions. While paroxetine was superior to placebo, aerobic exercise did not differ from relaxation training in most efficacy measures.     

不同剂量辛伐他汀联合氯吡格雷治疗短暂性脑缺血发作的疗效及对预后的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量辛伐他汀联合氯吡格雷在短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)治疗中的疗效及对其预后的影响.方法 105例TIA患者随机分为A、B、C 3组,各35例,分别给予辛伐他汀10mg、20mg、40mg口服,1次/d,3组均给予常规治疗及75mg氯吡格雷口服,比较3组的近期疗效、血脂水平变化、不良反应及预后.结果 3组近期疗效比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);C组TC、TG、LDL下降水平及HDL升高水平较A、B组差异显著(P＜0.05),而A、B组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);3组不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05);随访12～36个月,B、C组出现非致死性脑梗死发生率与TIA复发次数较A组明显降低(P＜0.05),但B、C组间比较无差异(P＞0.05).结论 在TIA常规治疗基础上给予40mg/d辛伐他汀联合氯吡格雷可显著降低血脂水平,有更好的远期疗效且无明显副作用.