Relationship between hyperhidrosis and hypothalamic injury in patients with mild traumatic brain injury

Hyperhidrosis is clinical symptom of various diseases and is an important clinical feature of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH). Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known to be most common condition associated with PSH, and PSH has been mainly reported in moderate and severe TBI. However, very little has been reported on PSH or hyperhidrosis in mild TBI patients. In this study, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate the relationship between hyperhidrosis and hypothalamic injury in patients with mild TBI. Seven patients with hyperhidrosis after mild TBI and 21 healthy control subjects were recruited for this study. The Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale was used for evaluation of sweating at the time of DTI scanning. The fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient DTI parameters were measured in the hypothalamus. In the patient group, the fractional anisotropy values for both sides of the hypothalamus were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < .05). By contrast, the apparent diffusion coefficient values for both sides of the hypothalamus were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (P < .05). In conclusion, we detected hypothalamic injuries in patients who showed hyperhidrosis after mild TBI. Based on the results, it appears that hyperhidrosis in patients with mild TBI is related to hypothalamic injury.     

胸腔镜下T3胸交感神经切断术治疗手汗症62例临床分析

目的探讨胸腔镜下T3胸交感神经切断术治疗手汗症的疗效。方法 2008年7月～2011年3月对62例手汗症行胸腔镜下经操作孔电凝钩切断T3胸交感神经及可能存在的交通支。结果 62例手术均获成功,手术时间(双侧)19～36 min,平均24.3 min。住院3～6 d,平均4.5 d。术后出现胸腔积液9例,4例行胸腔穿刺抽液,5例经保守治疗治愈。56例术后随访3～12个月,平均7.2月,2例复发轻度手汗,3例出现轻度代偿性出汗。结论胸腔镜下T3胸交感神经切断术治疗手汗症疗效确切,不易复发,术后代偿性多汗发生率低,安全性高。     

Liver Transplantation for Fulminant Hepatic Failure Due to Heat Stroke: A Case Report

Heat stroke is a condition caused by an excessive increase in body temperature in a relatively short period of time, and is clinically characterized by central nervous system dysfunction, including delirium, seizures, coma, and severe hyperthermia. In this context, the resulting fulminant hepatic failure makes liver transplant the best choice when there are no guarantees of better results with conservative treatment. We present our experience in this case, possible alternative choices, and the current role of liver transplantation in the resolution of fulminant liver failure due to heat stroke.

Cardiopulmonary effects following endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for primary hyperhidrosis

Introduction: Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is performed for the treatment of primary hyperhidrosis (PH). The second and third sympathetic thoracic ganglions excised in ETS also innervate the heart and lung. Objective: In the present work we studied the cardiopulmonary effects of ETS in a group of patients with PH. Methods: We performed a prospective study in 38 patients with severe PH. Pulmonary function, echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function and myocardial contractility and maximal, symptom-limited, incremental exercise tests were evaluated 2 weeks before, and 6 months after ETS. Data were analysed with the paired t-test. Differences were considered significant when p < 0.05. Results: In pulmonary function tests, we found a statistically significant decrease forced expiratory flow in small airways and an increase of residual volume, a significant decrease in heart rate and ejection fraction, a significant decrease of ‘rest’ and ‘peak’ heart rate, and a significant increase of oxygen pulse (O₂ pulse) and oxygen peak uptake (V_O2 peak) after ETS (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These cardiopulmonary effects observed 6 months after ETS in the treatment of patients with PH are all in normal ranges and are not relevant in cardiopulmonary function. We concluded that ETS in patients with PH is a safe procedure. Patients must be informed about these cardiopulmonary effects before the operation.     

手汗症胸交感神经链切断术后QT离散度的变化

目的探讨手汗症患者胸2～胸4交感神经链切断术后QT离散度(QTd)的变化。方法回顾性分析72例手汗症患者交感神经链切断术前后12导同步心电图的RR间期、QT间期、QTcd数值的变化。结果术后QT间期、RR间期较术前缩短,QT离散度较术前延长,P均<0.01。结论手汗症患者胸2～胸4交感神经链切断QT离散度的变化与交感神经有着内在联系。     

Effects of thoracoscopic upper dorsal sympathicolysis for essential hyperhidrosis on bronchial responsiveness to histamine: Implications on the autonomic imbalance theory of asthma

Abstract Autonomic nervous system abnormalities in airway control may contribute to the symptoms of asthma, and even to the pathogenesis of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). Partial pulmonary sympathetic denervation by means of bilateral upper dorsal thoracoscopic D₂–D₃ sympathicolysis (TS) is an accepted treatment in severe essential hyperhidrosis (EH). The effects of this intervention on BHR are unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether partial pulmonary sympathetic denervation by means of TS has an effect on BHR. Bronchial challenge tests with histamine, enabling the calculation of the provocative dose causing a 20% reduction in FEV₁ (PD_{20 His}) were performed 1 day before, and 6 weeks and 6 months after TS in 35 patients with severe EH. In nine patients (including three patients with a previous history of asthma) with pre-operative BHR (defined as PD_{20 His} < 2 mg), mean PD_{20 His} did not change significantly at 6 weeks, nor at 6 months after TS (0.62 ± 0.33, 0.71 ± 0.42 and 0.93 ± 0.65 mg, respectively) although there was a non-significant trend towards an increase in PD_{20 His} at 6 months. Three of the 26 patients (12%) without pre-operative BHR became hyperresponsive after TS, whereas 1 of the 9 patients with pre-operative BHR lost hyperresponsiveness. No patient developed asthma symptoms after TS. Upper dorsal thoracoscopic D₂–D₃ sympathicolysis performed for the treatment of EH has no significant effects on mean PD_{20 His} and individual loss (11%) or development (12%) of BHR occurs only in a minority of patients.     

胸腔镜下 T4 交感神经干切断术对原发性手汗症患者生活质量的影响

目的：应用改良生活质量量表评价胸腔镜下T4交感神经干切断术前、术后原发性手汗症患者生活质量的 变化。方法：收集2009年6月至2014年5月接受胸腔镜下双侧T4交感神经干切断术治疗原发性手汗症患者48例。手术 前后患者完成生活质量自评、改良生活质量量表并予以量化评分。术后1,6个月进行随访并收集手术效果、并发 症、满意度、生活质量调查资料。结果：48例患者均顺利完成双侧同期胸腔镜下T4交感神经干切断术,无死亡及严 重并发症,未发生术中中转开胸情况。术后轻度代偿性多汗38例(79.1%),中度1例(2.1%),无重度代偿性多汗。47例 (97.9%)对手术效果非常满意,没有不满意以及后悔接受手术治疗病例。48例患者均顺利完成改良的手汗症专用生活 质量量表问卷,生活质量量表评测显示手汗症患者术后生活质量比手术前明显改善(F=763.67,P<0.001)。结论：原发 性手汗症严重影响患者的生活质量。胸腔镜下T4交感神经干切断术不仅明显减少手部出汗量,而且可以明显改善患 者生活质量。     

胸腔镜下胸交感神经链切断术治疗手汗症的护理

总结13例手汗症患者行胸腔镜下胸交感神经链切断术的护理。认为术前做好心理护理和充分准备,术后严密观察病情,重视患者的主诉,及时发现和处理并发症,加强出院指导,能够提高手术疗效。     

电视胸腔镜胸交感神经干切断术治疗手汗症588例疗效分析

目的探讨电视胸腔镜胸交感神经切断术（ETS）各种术式治疗手汗症的疗效和预防并发症的经验。方法我院2003年1月至2007年5月共施行588例ETS,按不保留胸2交感神经干（T2）和保留T2分为A、B两组,对两组患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果全组患者均在胸腔镜下完成手术,无手术死亡和严重并发症。全组患者手掌和头面部多汗症状治疗有效率达99．8％,腋窝和足底多汗症状的缓解率分别达84．0％和71．0％。全组患者随访时间为1～48个月,平均（20．3±2．3）个月。10例术后1周内出现一过性手掌多汗,均在1～3d内自行消失;2例术后1～2个月发生味觉性多汗;1例术后8个月单侧手掌多汗症状复发。A组术后代偿性多汗发生率（28．0％）低于B组（13．4％）。结论ETS治疗手汗症安全、有效,保留T：能降低术后代偿性多汗的发生率。     

Clinical Evaluation of Perspiration Reducing Effects of a Kampo Formula, Shigyaku-san, on Palmoplantar Hidrosis

Palmoplantar hidrosis is common in patients who are susceptible to strains on the autonomic nervous system, and stress and mental strain have been proven to produce sweating in this population. Shigyaku-san (Sini san, TJ-35: Tsumura & Co.) is effective for relieving stagnation of 'liver Qi and vital energy' in traditional Chinese medicine theory; this brings about improvement of palmoplantar hidrosis. The effect of Shigyaku-san on 40 patients was evaluated based on changes in palmoplantar sweat volume and skin temperature before and after stress loading. We also measured changes in the palmoplantar sweat volume and skin temperature due to stress load in 35 healthy controls who did not receive Shigyaku-san. Before treatment, the pre-stress sweat volume in patients was larger than that in healthy controls, however, after Shigyaku-san treatment, their pre-stress sweat volume decreased. With stress, the sweat volume increased in both patients and controls, but the net increase in the patients was larger than that in healthy controls. After Shigyaku-san treatment, the net increase of sweat volume due to stress was smaller than that of pretreatment, however, it did not show a significant difference with that of healthy controls. The palmoplantar skin temperature of the patients before treatment was lower than that of healthy controls. Palmoplantar skin temperature rose with stress loading in healthy controls, but decreased in pretreatment patients. Shigyaku-san treatment reduced the palmoplantar perspiration in palmoplantar hidrosis patients at rest and under stress. Furthermore, it also improved other serious complications, especially coldness of the extremities.