强直刺激后计数在妇科腹腔镜手术应用的可行性研究

目的 探讨在妇科腹腔镜手术中,将强直刺激后计数(PTC)作为肌松药物增药指标的可行性.方法 选择30例择期行妇科腹腔镜手术的患者,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)麻醉风险分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,年龄＞18岁.麻醉诱导时给予顺式阿曲库铵0.1 mg/kg (2ED95).记录顺式阿曲库铵的起效时间t0[注药毕至首个肌颤搐(T1)抑制至0的时间],t1(最后1次注药毕至PTC出现的时间),t2(最后1次注药毕至T1出现的时间),t3(PTC开始出现至T1出现的时间),T1恢复时PTC的值(PTC at T1),以及PTC恢复之前出现呛咳的患者例数,T1恢复之前出现呛咳的患者例数.结果 t0为(3.67±0.79)min,t1为(26.61±6.54)rain,t2为(39.44±5.94)min,t3为(12.83±5.26)min,PTC at T1为(11.8±2.6)次,PTC恢复之前无患者出现呛咳,T1恢复之前3例出现呛咳.经Pearson相关性检验,PTC与T1恢复时间呈显著负相关(r=-0.807,P＜0.0001),回归方程可表示为t=13.085-0.629 PTC.结论 妇科腹腔镜手术中,采用顺式阿曲库铵肌松阻滞,PTC与T1恢复时间具有良好相关性,可通过PTC数值初步估计T1出现的时间,PTC是深度神经肌肉阻滞程度的监测指标,作为妇科腹腔镜手术肌松药的增药指标具有一定的可行性.     

Percutaneous Transjejunal Biliary Access in 60 Patients with Bilioenteric Anastomoses

Purpose

To determine success and complication rates of percutaneous transjejunal biliary access (PTJBA) in patients with bilioenteric anastomoses.

SIN-1 has no direct myocardial anti-ischemic action

Anti-ischemic drugs may develop their cardiac activity via peripheral (reduction in preload and/or afterload) or cardiac (coronary vasculature, myocardial cell metabolism) effects. The aim of the study was to investigate whether SIN-1, the active metabolite of molsidomine, develops a direct myocardial anti-ischemic property. Three groups of seven patients each were treated with 0.4 mg SIN-1 administered via either the intracoronary (IC) or intravenous (IV) route, or with placebo in a double-blind randomized investigation. SIN-1 had no influence on either the ischemic parameters in the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) or the intracoronary ECG. There was also no change in peripheral or central hemodynamics or in the severity of angina following this low IC or IV dosage. There is no evidence of a direct myocardial anti-ischemic response of SIN-1. The well known anti-ischemic activity of SIN-1 or molsidomine has to be attributed to the proven peripheral and cardiac vascular responses.     

Combination enzyme therapy for gastric digestion of dietary gluten in patients with celiac sprue

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Celiac sprue is a multifactorial disease characterized by an inflammatory response to ingested gluten in the small intestine. Proteolytically resistant, proline- and glutamine-rich gluten peptides from wheat, rye, and barley persist in the intestinal lumen and elicit an immune response in genetically susceptible persons. We investigated a new combination enzyme product, consisting of a glutamine-specific endoprotease (EP-B2 from barley) and a prolyl endopeptidase (SC PEP from Sphingomonas capsulata), for its ability to digest gluten under gastric conditions. METHODS: The ability of this combination enzyme to digest and detoxify whole-wheat bread gluten was investigated. In vitro and in vivo (rat) experimental systems were developed to simulate human gastric digestion, and the resulting material was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay, and patient-derived T-cell proliferation assays. RESULTS: The analysis revealed that EP-B2 extensively proteolyzes complex gluten proteins in bread, whereas SC PEP rapidly detoxifies the residual oligopeptide products of EP-B2 digestion. In vitro dose variation data suggests that an approximate 1:1 weight ratio of the 2 enzymes should maximize their synergistic potential. The efficacy of this 2-enzyme glutenase was verified in a rat model of gastric gluten digestion. CONCLUSIONS: By combining 2 enzymes with gastric activity and complementary substrate specificity, it should be possible to increase the safe threshold of ingested gluten, thereby ameliorating the burden of a highly restricted diet for patients with celiac sprue.     

不同影像学检查方法对梗阻性黄疸诊断价值的比较研究

目的探讨梗阻性黄疸病人的病因及评价超声、腹部CT（CT）、核磁胰胆管成像（MRCP）、经内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）和经皮经肝胆道造影（PTC）五种检查方法对梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值。方法选择2003年1月-2009年l1月在我院住院确诊为梗阻性黄疸的患者,比较分析各种检查方法对梗阻部位及梗阻病因的准确率。结果确诊为梗阻性黄疸的患者为473例,B超、腹部CT、MRCP、ERCP及PTC对患者梗阻部位的显示率分别为59.6%（257/431）,80.9%（106/131）,88.8%（326/367）,84.2%（64/76）,100%（31/31）,而梗阻的原因有：Mirrizi综合征、胆道感染、胆道蛔虫、胆囊癌、胆总管结石、胆总管囊肿、肝内外胆管细胞癌、壶腹癌、十二指肠乳头癌、十二指肠乳头憩室、十二指肠乳头炎、术后胆管狭窄、胃癌术后肝门淋巴结转移、胰头癌、肿块性胰腺炎。结论各种诊断方法各有其优缺点,MRCP在梗阻性黄疸的诊断上具有较大的价值,但必要时仍需进行其它检查方法加以鉴别诊断。     

Percutaneous Biliary Interventions: Inside and Outside the Box: Biliary Strictures: A Surgeon's Perspective for Interventional Radiologists

Biliary strictures can be a challenging clinical problem to manage and often have unclear etiologies, including benign and malignant causes. Left untreated, these problems can lead to significant morbidity and mortality linked to their underlying diagnosis. The approach to adult patients with biliary strictures requires a multidisciplinary team involving surgeons, interventional endoscopists, and interventional radiologists for diagnosis, symptom relief, palliation, as well as potential curative management. From a surgeon''s perspective, there are many ways to classify and approach these strictures. It is of paramount importance to start with an excellent understanding of the patient''s prior surgical history. In approaching a patient with a new diagnosis of biliary stricture, it is also critical to understand its etiology relatively quickly, as 70% are malignant in the adult population. Concurrently, one must clearly define the location and extent of the stricture: intrahepatic, hilar, or distal extrahepatic bile duct, as well as whether it is a singular lesion or multifocal phenotypes. This information provides a path forward in clinical decision-making regarding durability and efficacy of therapy, which is typically aimed at decompression and/or surgical resection to prevent cholangitis, sepsis, and progressive hepatic insufficiency.