十五烷醇和1-溴十五烷的制备

报道了一种简便经济的自１－十六碳烯制备十五烷醇和１－溴十五烷的实用工艺路线。可 用于生产昂贵的奇数直链醇、卤代烷以及醛。     

酮洛芬的改进合成法

以间甲基苯甲酸为起始原料,通过傅氏、溴代、氰化、水解反应制得3-苯甲酰苯乙酸,再经相转移催化甲基化生成2-(3-苯甲酰苯基)丙酸甲酯,直接水解合成酮洛芬,总收率54%。本法原料易得,工艺简单,各步收率均较好。     

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma: resectability and radicality after routine diagnostic imaging

Background/Purpose

En-bloc resection has contributed to the improvement of long-term survival in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. In addition, attenuation of intraoperative traumatization of the tumor may decrease tumor spread. The objective of this study was to assess the importance of a routine diagnostic workup for the surgical strategy, radicality, and results in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Methods

Between September 1997 and December 2002, 82 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma were treated at our department. Preoperative diagnostic workup included endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The results of preoperative and retrospective (blinded) assessment of diagnostic data concerning the tumor growth along the bile ducts were compared with the results of surgery.

Results

The resection rate was 75%, and the hospital mortality, 7%. The prospective assessment of the resection to be performed was correct in 81% of cases. In ERC, magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC), and PTC, tumor assessment was precise in 29%, 36%, and 53%, of cases, respectively. Overestimation occurred more frequently than underestimation. The 3-year survival of patients with formally curative or palliative en-bloc resection was 61% and 15%, respectively. For the 9 patients with hilar resection, the 3-year survival was 25%. Survival of patients was comparable, regardless of whether their tumor had been correctly assessed or over- or underestimated. In the multivariate analysis, R0 resection was the only significant prognostic factor (P = 0.011).

Conclusions

Our routine diagnostic approach led to high resection and survival rates. Obviously a sophisticated diagnostic workup is not an absolute prerequisite for adequate surgery.

     

胆道造影在胆管黏液性囊腺瘤诊断中的作用

目的 探讨经皮肝穿刺胆道造影(percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography,PTC)在胆管黏液性囊腺瘤(hepatobiliary mucinous cystadenoma)诊断中的作用,提高本病的诊断水平. 方法 总结2004-01 ～2014-06收治的10例病理诊断为肝内胆管黏液性囊腺瘤的临床表现、影像学和PTC特点,回顾性分析PTC在胆管黏液性囊腺瘤诊断中的作用. 结果 10例肝脏囊腺瘤患者中MRI或CT见肝内部分胆管和胆总管扩张,无明显占位;6例行PTC显示胆总管不显影或显影不全,经抽吸出胶冻状物质后胆总管显影. 结论 肝胆管黏液性囊腺瘤PTC表现有特殊性,具有较高的诊断价值.     

Molecular and Cellular Characterization of a New α-Thalassemia Mutation (HBA2:c.94A>C) Generating an Alternative Splice Site and a Premature Stop Codon

The identification of α-thalassemia (α-thal) due to point mutations has been increasing significantly with the advancement of molecular diagnostic tools. We describe here the molecular and cellular characteristics of the thalassemia mutation HBA2:c.94A>C, a novel point mutation affecting the α2-globin gene, causing a mild α-thal phenotype in a male patient of undisclosed ethnicity, investigated for unexplained microcytosis. The detected mutation is located at the penultimate nucleotide (nt) of the first exon which we postulated might affect pre mRNA splicing. While an in silico analysis did not predict any aberrant splice variants, experimental analysis using our in vitro model for gene expression studies showed utilization of a cryptic splice site at codon 15 that resulted in an aberrant splice variant. As a result, a frameshift in the reading frame of the mature mRNA was produced, leading to the formation of a premature termination codon (PTC) between codons 48 and 49 in exon 2. This in turn leads to nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD) and the phenotype of α-thal.     

炭黑／结晶性含氟树脂合金在自控温加热电缆中应用

选择了结晶性含氟树脂添加改性剂为树脂基体，与炭黑制居复合导电体系。通过这个对体系不同条件下ＰＴＣ特性的研究，对其配方与加工工艺进行优化。并利用扫描电镜，Ｘ射线衍射，ＤＳＣ等分析测试手段，对体系的各种开矿结构进行了研究，阐明了该导电复合体系的形态结构与性能的关系。     

Behavior genetic differences within and between defined human populations

The small populations of the Caucasus offer a unique opportunity to consider concepts, such as heritability, which are often considered properties of a trait but which are really properties of a population. A comprehensive strategy is outlined for studying intra-and interpopulation genetic structure across a wide range of traits and environments. A threewway association is demonstrated between 12 of 16 psychophysiological traits, attitude, and thet allele for PTC sensitivity. Differences between populations and traits are evaluated in theoretical terms for morphological, physiological, and psychological measures. While decreases in performance with inbreeding are often predicted, in these small, isolated populations the effects are minimal.     

CK19、Ret/PTC在桥本恶变中的表达及其意义

目的 :从免疫组织化学角度初步探讨桥本甲状腺炎恶变的发生、发展以及演进的可能机制 ,寻找敏感而又特异的检测指标 ,以助于桥本甲状腺炎恶变的诊断。方法 :采用免疫组化S -P法检测 2 0例甲状腺瘤旁的正常甲状腺组织 ,2 5例桥本甲状腺炎组织以及 2 1例桥本甲状腺炎恶变的标本中CK19、Ret/PTC的表达和分布情况。结果 :CK19、Ret/PTC蛋白在癌旁正常甲状腺组织中无阳性表达 ,而在桥本甲状腺炎以及桥本甲状腺炎合并甲状腺癌组织中均有不同程度的表达 ,两组之间比较 ,CK19、Ret/PTC蛋白阳性表达率差别均无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。但其染色形态及强度存在明显差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。CK19、Ret/PTC在桥本甲状腺炎组织中均表现为弱灶性染色。而在桥本甲状腺炎合并甲状腺癌组织中CK19、Ret/PTC多表现为强而弥漫性染色。Ret/PTC的异常表达与乳头状甲状腺癌的淋巴结转移有关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :检测CK19、Ret/PTC的表达 ,有助于桥本甲状腺炎恶变倾向的判断和甲状腺癌的早期诊断 ,Ret/PTC的异常表达对乳头状甲状腺癌的发生、发展、淋巴结转移有密切关系和重要临床意义     

Sex differences in the phenotypic expression of avian dystrophy

Although the gene for muscular dystrophy in chickens is not sex-linked, results from clinical tests suggest that it is expressed differently in males and females. As measurement of muscle contractile responses provides a quantitative index for the severity of the disease, the contractile properties of the extensor digitorum communis muscle were examined in normal and dystrophic chickens with respect to sex. Furthermore, these differences were examined in young (6 to 9 weeks) and old (greater than 6 months) chickens. Results showed that age-related sex differences were apparent for those mechanical parameters of the muscle (in particular the posttetanic potentiation and posttetanic contracture) known to distinguish normal and dystrophic birds. The sex differences observed in the younger group indicate that the female birds were more severely affected by the disease than were the male. In the older group, the male were affected by the disease more severely than age-matched female birds. If the inheritance pattern is truly autosomal then it is likely that one or more developmental factors interact with the dystrophic genotype and alter the dystrophic phenotype.