Frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 with the N279K tau mutation

We present a case of frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP‐17) harboring the N279K mutation in the MAPT gene from the family known as pallido‐ponto‐nigral degeneration (PPND). This 49‐year‐old man was followed for 17 years. He presented at age 41 years with left leg stiffness and en‐bloc turning. During the course of his illness he developed a constellation of symptoms including parkinsonism, pyramidal signs, vertical gaze palsy, dysphagia, dystonia, personality and cognitive dysfunction, weight loss and mutism. Gross neuropathological examination showed mild atrophy of the cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation, amygdala, thalamus, subthalamic nucleus and depigmentation of the substantia nigra. Microscopy revealed neuronal loss and gliosis in the same regions. Tau immunohistochemistry showed pretangles, numerous threads, grain‐like structures and oligodendroglial tau‐positive inclusions (“coiled bodies”). In the spinal cord the tau pathology was more abundant in gray than white matter. Pretangles and threads were present in the anterior and, to a lesser extent, in the posterior horns. FTDP‐17 should be suspected in patients with a history of familial parkinsonism combined with behavioral and cognitive changes, onset before age 65 years and an aggressive clinical course.     

665例结肠息肉对比分析

目的探讨不同年龄组患者结肠息肉的临床病理意义。方法回顾性分析本院内镜室11年间资料完整的结肠息肉病例665例,息肉885枚。按年龄分组：〈31岁,31～40岁,41～50岁,51～60岁,〉60岁五段。将不同年龄患者的性别、息肉部位、大小、个数、黏膜情况、是否有蒂、病理类型等参数进行对比,采用卡方检验。结果各年龄组结肠息肉的检出率明显不同,随年龄的增长,息肉的检出率逐渐升高;不同年龄组结肠息肉患者在不同性别、息肉是否有蒂等参数差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;而不同年龄组结肠息肉在大小、个数、表面情况、病理类型以及发生部位等参数差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论年龄〉50岁是结肠息肉癌变的危险因素之一,50岁以上受检者应行全结肠镜检查并完整切除后做病检,定期随访,减少癌变的机会。     

Biochemical and ultrastructural alterations produced by miconazole and econazole in Trypanosoma cruzi

Miconazole and econazole, two fungicide imidazole derivatives, completely inhibited growth of Trypanosoma cruzi (Tulahuen strain) at concentrations of about 20 muM. Culturing of T. cruzi in the presence of lower doses of imidazole derivatives produced: decrease of 5,7-diene sterol content in epimastigotes (including ergosterol); disappearance of the nuclear chromatin, vacuolization and decrease in the electron density of the cytoplasm; selective surface alterations as revealed by an increased response to wheat-germ- and phytohemagglutinin. At variance with the effect of miconazole on Candida (De Nollin et al. (1977) Antimicrobial. Agents Chemother. 11, 500-513), miconazole and econazole, under the experimental conditions used, did not increase the rate of hydrogen peroxide generation by T. cruzi.     

小鼠持续性脑缺血后NMDA受体亚单位表达的变化

目的：研究小鼠持续性脑缺血后不同脑区NMDA受体亚单位表达的变化及其与病理损伤之间的联系。方法：采用大脑中动脉阻断法制作小鼠持续性脑缺血模型，取缺血后不同时间的皮层、海马、皮层下脑组织，用免疫印迹技术测定NMDA受体亚单位ζ1和ε1及ε2蛋白的含量。同时作冰冻切片和苏木素伊红染色，计算相应脑区神经元密度。结果：NMDA受体ζ1和ε1及ε2亚单位表达的改变发生于缺血后5h内，皮层下3个亚单位表达均明显增加，海马则各亚单位表达变化不一。脑梗塞灶和相关脑区神经元密度显著减小均出现于缺血后5h，相关脑区神经元死亡严重程度依次为皮层下组织和海马CA1区及大脑颞叶皮层Ⅲ－Ⅳ层。结论：小鼠持续性脑缺血，缺血侧脑组织NMDA受体亚单位ζ1和ε1及ε2表达的变化发生在明显的病理损害之前，表达变化程度因脑区不同，与相关脑区神经元损害的程度相应。     

Heparin effect on ionised calcium concentration

The effect of heparin on plasma ionised calcium was studied by adding it in increasing amounts to whole blood from 10 normal subjects. There was no significant change in ionised calcium from the addition of 1 U/ml but a significant fall of 0.02 mmol/1 when 2 U/ml were added and a progressive further fall with increasing concentrations. Heparin from three different manufacturers produced similar results. The effect of heparinisation in vivo was studied during regular haemodialysis on 10 patients with chronic renal failure. Following intravenous injection of 10000 U of heparin there was a consistent and significant fall averaging 0.03 mmol/l.     

Spermidine/Spermine N-Acetyltransferase, a New Biochemical Marker for Epithelial Proliferation in Rat Bladder

We examined the activity of spermidine/spermine N ¹-acetyltransferase (SAT), a rate-limiting enzyme of the biodegradation of polyamines, in N -butyl- N -(4–hydroxybutyI)nitrosamine-induced transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and melamine-induced papillomatosis of rat bladder, and compared the activity to that of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Both activities were higher in both lesions than in control rats. The difference between SAT and ODC activities in cancerous tissue and papillomatosis was not significant. Cells stained for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were abundant in papillomatosis. TCC had areas with much PCNA. The results indicated that an elevation of SAT activity occurs in both reversible and irreversible proliferation of bladder epithelium and could be important in bladder carcinogenesis.     

左旋硝基精氨酸诱导高血压大鼠心肌肥大

一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）抑制剂Ｎ－左旋硝基精氨酸（Ｎ－ＬＮＡ）诱导持续性高血压大鼠１２只，随机分成２组测右颈动脉压，ＮＯ代谢物亚硝酸盐（ＮＯ２）浓度，心肌组织胶原蛋白含量及丝裂活化蛋白激酶（ＭＡＰＫ）活性，观察左心室心肌病理变化，发现与高血压比较，自然归组大鼠动脉血完全逆转（Ｐ〈０．０１）；ＮＯ２水平及ＭＡＰＫ活性轻度逆转，但均未达到正常对照组水平（Ｐ〈０．０１），胶原蛋白含量，心脏及左心室相对重量     

强直性肌营养不良毛细血管的超微结构变化

５例强直性肌营养不良患者的腓肠肌活检标本超微结构研究结果发现，除肌纤维变性、萎缩和结缔组织增生外，毛细血管病变特别突出。血管壁严重增厚，基板呈多层性改变，周细胞增生。有些复层的毛细血管基板多达９层。内皮细胞外可有多层周细胞半包绕血管，有些周细胞又发出分支沿管壁延伸。周细胞一般位于内皮细胞下第一层基板之外，也可位于复层基板之中，周细胞与周细胞之间有多层基板。内皮细胞和周细胞内富含吞饮小泡。血管病变程度与肌纤维变性程度呈平行关系。     

新抗喘药物的研究——茶碱衍生物及卤代苯乙醇胺化合物的合成

本文根据β_2-受体兴奋剂和茶碱类药物的作用机制,结合两类药物的基本结构和构效关系,运用新药设计中的拼合原理及生物电子等排原理,设计扦合成了两类共十六个尚未见于文献报导的化合物。经初步药理实验证明均具有抗哮喘作用,其中I_(5-8)活性较高,且对心脏副作用轻微,可望成为治疗哮喘的新药。     

Heterologous Expression of Rat Testis GABAA Receptor β3t Splicing Variant in CHO Cells

Objective To characterize a possible retention function of unique sequence in the 5'end of rat testis GABAA receptor β3t splicing variantMethods Rat testis GABAA receptor β3t splicing variant cDNA was cloned and two eukaryotic expression recombinant plasmids of pEGFP-N1 and pEGFP-C1 were constructed respectively by fusing green fluorescent protein to the N or C-terminus of β3t isoform. The recombinant plasmids were transfected into CHO cells by calcium phosphate co-precipitation method. Fluorescence microscope and laser confocal microscope were used to analyze localization of β3t in the transfected cells. ConA-Texas-Red was used to label cell ER and the localization of rat testis β3t splicing variant in CHO cells was determined.Results When rat testis β3t splicing variant was expressed in CHO cells, two expression patterns were delineated, the distributions of uniform and mainly discrete intracellular compartments respectively. The chimera product failed to be translocated into the cell surface when expressed in CHO cells; whereas the β3 subunit of rat brain was incorporated into the plasma membrane.Conclusion The inability of β3t to target into the ER may be a consequence of the unique 25 specific amino acid segments in the N terminus.