卵巢恶性肿瘤的雌孕激素受体研究

用葡聚糖－活性碳吸附法（ＤＣＣ法）对８７例卵巢恶性肿瘤的雌激素受体（ＥＲ）及孕激素受体（ＰＲ）进行了测定。ＥＲ、ＰＲ的阳性率分别为５０．６％和５８．６％。在不同组织类型中，宫内膜样癌的ＥＲ与ＰＲ高于其它癌。ＰＲ与临床分期呈负相关。多因素分析显示ＥＲ、ＰＲ均阳性者预后好。ＥＲ与ＰＲ的测定有助于了解病人预后，对卵巢癌的内分泌治疗有一定指导作用。     

Stable Transfection of Nonosteogenic Cell Lines with Tissue Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase Enhances Mineral Deposition Both in the Presence and Absence of β-Glycerophosphate: Possible Role for Alkaline Phosphatase in Pathological Mineralization

It is documented that alkaline phosphatase (AP) plays an important role in bone mineralization. Considering that TN-AP is expressed in periodontal ligament fibroblasts, renal epithelial cells, and vascular endothelial cells, and that TN-AP is both a calcium-/phosphate-binding protein and a phosphohydrolytic enzyme, we hypothesize that membrane-bound AP also plays an important role in the initiation of physiological and pathological mineralizations in tissues other than bone and cartilage. To test this hypothesis, nonosteoblast cell lines, including a fibroblast line, a renal epithelial line, and a capillary endothelial line, were stably transfected to express high levels of rat bone AP on their cell surfaces. These rat bone AP-expressing cells were then cultured on filter membranes in the presence or absence of β-glycerol phosphate. von Kossa staining for calcium phosphate and transmission electron microscopy with electron diffraction analysis for minerals were employed to investigate the effect of membrane AP on extracellular calcium phosphate mineralization. Our results indicated that AP expression on these nonosteoblast-like cell surfaces have induced extracellular hydroxyapatite (HAP) mineralization. Our findings support the concept that membrane-bound AP contributes to extracellular apatitic mineralization by mechanisms that do not necessarily involve its hydrolase activity. They also suggest that AP might be important for the initiation of pathological mineralization in nonosteogenic tissues. Received: 11 January 1996 / Accepted: 31 October 1996     

免疫脂质体对卵巢癌细胞生长抑制试验的研究

以卵巢上皮癌单克隆抗体与包载阿霉素和顺铂的脂质体结合，制备出单抗脂质体阿霉素的交联物ＭＬＡ和单抗脂质体顺铂的交联物ＭＬＰ。并用其对卵巢癌细胞系ＳＫＯＶ，进行生长抑制实验。结果表明，ＭＬＡ在较高浓度时与ＡＤＭ有同样强的杀伤细胞能力，当浓度减低时，则ＭＬＡ明显强于阿霉素（ＡＤＭ）。而ｓＫＯＶ３对ＭＬＰ及顺铂（ＰＤＤ）均不敏感。     

Mucinous adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation of the mandibular ramus: report of a case

A rare case of mucinous adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation of the mandibular ramus is presented. The patient, an 80-year-old man, was referred to our hospital with chief complaint of swelling and pain in the left buccal mucosa. CT and MRI examination showed an osteolytic tumor mass occupying the upper region of the left mandibular ramus. Macroscopically, the excised tumor was a relatively well-defined, solid mass with diffuse bone resorption, measuring 3 cm x 3.2 cm x 3 cm. Microscopical examination showed that the tumor forming glandular structures with abundant mucous production and high cellular atypia. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the positive reactivities for pan-keratin, cytokeratin 7, vimentin,alpha-amylase, alpha-smooth muscle actin, neuron-specific enolase, glial fibrillary acid protein, calcitonin, and somatostatin in tumor cells. These findings suggested that the tumor was originated from heterotopic or misplaced salivary gland in the mandible.     

Light and electron microscopic and autoradiographic studies onN-methyl-N-amylnitrosamine-induced rat esophageal carcinogenesis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the histogenesis of experimental tumors in the rat esophagus. Thirty rats received 0.0015% N-methyl-N-amylnitrosamine (MNAN) in the drinking water for 12 weeks. Another 30 rats received tap water. All rats then received tap water until sacrifice. Rats from each group were sacrificed immediately after MNAN administration, four weeks after, and eight weeks after. One hour before sacrifice, [³H]TdR was injected by tail vein to label proliferating cells. The entire esophagus and stomach were removed and processed for light and electron microscopy and autoradiography. The overall frequency of esophageal tumors after MNAN was 83% and did not differ significantly among the three experimental groups. Tumors were primarily papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas and occurred with equal frequency in the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the esophagus. No tumors were found in the squamous-lined forestomach. Electron microscopy revealed abundant tonofilaments, free ribosomes, and mitochondria accompanied by vacuoles. By autoradiography, esophageal epithelial proliferation was markedly stimulated in nontumorous mucosa from all three experimental groups. We conclude that MNAN ingestion for 12 weeks reliably produces papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas throughout the rat esophagus, but not in the squamouslined forestomach, and that MNAN stimulated marked epithelial proliferation which is accompanied by thickening of the epithelium in nontumorus esophageal mucosa.     

Software compensation improves the analysis of heterogeneous tumor samples stained for multiparameter DNA flow cytometry

Background: High concentrations of propidium iodide (PI), in combination with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and R-phycoerythrin (RPE) used for multiparameter DNA flow cytometry (FCM), cause spectral cross-talk into the green fluorescence channel (FL1). We have evaluated the use of post-acquisition software compensation (N-Color Compensation) in order to correct this spectral cross-talk caused by PI. Method: Cell mixtures were prepared consisting of keratin 8/18 FITC labeled, keratin 8/18 RPE labeled, and unlabeled MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. DNA was stained with PI (100 μM). Post-acquisition software compensation was applied to correct the spectral cross-talk of PI fluorescence. Secondly, the distribution of the Ki-67 (FITC) protein during the cell cycle (PI) of SiHa cervical carcinoma cells (no software compensation) was compared to the Ki-67 expression pattern of SiHa cells, simultaneously stained for keratin 8 (RPE), after applying software compensation. Finally, software compensation was used to compare the relative levels of PCNA and p53 expression in two clinical ovarian cancer ascites specimens, stained for PCNA or p53 (FITC), keratin 8/18 (RPE), and DNA (PI), with a known p53 status (positive and negative, respectively). Results: The Ki-67 cell cycle-dependent pattern of a triply stained sample (Ki-67 (FITC), keratin 8 (RPE), and DNA (PI)) is restored after software compensation and the results are comparable to the Ki-67 distribution of a sample stained solely for Ki-67 and DNA. P53 expression could only be resolved after using software compensation in the p53 positive ovarian ascites (OA) sample. Conclusions: We conclude that software compensation is a robust and reliable post-acquisition method for the correction of RPE/PI spectral cross-talk, permitting better identification of weakly expressed proteins in heterogeneous clinical tumor samples stained for multiple cellular antigens and DNA using PI.     

Expression and effects of human telomerase RNA in testicular tumor

Human telomerase RNA (hTR) plays an important role in determining repeated telomere sequence and the expression of an antisense telomerase RNA that leads to telomere shortening and cell death.1 Using highly sensitive in situ nucleic acid hybridisation, we investigated the expression of hTR in human testicular tumours and located its cellular expression. Our study may help in elucidating the role of hTR in human testicular tumours, finding a highly sensitive diagnostic method and a target for gene therapy of testicular tumours.     

胰岛素样生长因子-1在妇科疾病中的作用

在许多组织增生过程中，通过内分泌、旁分泌和自分泌会产生胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)。最近的研究发现，IGF-1存在于各种增生组织，如子宫内膜和卵巢组织。患有严重子宫内膜异位症时，血清中IGF-1水平较高，而子宫内膜局部的：IGF-1水平减低，这可能是导致不孕的原因，多囊性卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者卵巢局部的IGF-1活性增强，与患者肥胖、高雄激素水平等一系列临床症状有关。IGF-1在良、恶性肿瘤中也起着重要的作用，IGF-1能刺激子宫肌瘤细胞的生长。围绝经期妇女若存在高IGF-1和低IGF-1结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)水平，则患乳腺癌的风险增大。绝经前后女性的高IGF-1水平与宫颈癌、卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌的发病率存在相关性。     

妊娠黄体瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的：探讨妊娠黄体瘤（LP）的误诊原因。方法：对1例典型LP病例进行全面病理学检查和组化及免疫组化染色，与正常卵巢黄体进行对比分析，并复习文献。结果：LP均发生于妊娠后期，临床无明显自觉症状，其病理形态学、组织学、免疫组化反应与正常卵巢黄体相似。多在剖腹产时偶然发现而误为卵巢肿瘤。结论；LP为妊娠后期卵巢黄素化细胞的结节状增生，并非真性肿瘤。妊娠期出现卵巢明显增大，应首先考虑到本病的可能性。必要时术中可作活检，以避免误切卵巢。     

恶性肿瘤患者血清癌胚抗原放射免疫分析

本文采用放射免疫法测定了144例恶性肿瘤患者血清CEA含量,并以同样条件测定了30例正常人作为对照。结果表明恶性肿瘤患者血清CEA含量显著高于健康人,均值为10.3±4.84ng/ml。不同肿瘤患者血清CEA升高的程度不等,其中以肺癌含量最高为14.7±7.83ng/ml。转移性肿瘤CEA含量高于144例肿瘤的平均水平。术后复发者含量不见下降。癌性胸腹水中CEA含量明显升高。因此,血清CEA的测定对恶性肿瘤的辅助诊断,评价疗效和判断预后具有重要的临床意义。