卵巢癌肠道转移64例临床分析

目的回顾性分析卵巢癌肠道转移瘤的临床特点,评价手术切除的可行性及其与预后的关系。方法64例肠道转移卵巢癌术前全面评估肠道受累程度。采用肿瘤细胞减灭术并行盆腔淋巴结清扫和腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除或/及活检术。肠道手术包括肿瘤剥除术或/及肠修补术、肠切除吻合术和结肠造口术。术后予以规律化疗,分析术后并发症及预后。结果54例直肠/乙状结肠转移(84.4%),其他部位结肠转移26例,小肠转移18例;肠浆膜层及浅肌层浸润47例,深肌层及粘膜层浸润17例;上皮性癌侵及肠粘膜者4例(7.7%),生殖细胞肿瘤无一例侵及肠粘膜;行肿瘤剥除44例,肠切除20例;直肠乙状结肠切除 吻合14例,6例行结肠造口。达到理想细胞减灭术56例(87.5%),其化疗后缓解率为58.9%,部分切除者8例化疗缓解率为12.5%;49例规则化疗者缓解率为65.3%,未完成充分化疗者为15.4%。术后并发症发生率26.6%,2例死于腹膜炎。结论肠道是卵巢癌的常见转移部位,肠道的肿瘤剥除和肠切除术是达到理想肿瘤细胞减灭术的先决条件,术后规则化疗能改善卵巢癌患者预后。     

NCOA5通过调控上皮间质转化促进卵巢癌细胞的侵袭转移能力

目的 研究核受体共激活因子5 (NCOA5)对卵巢癌细胞侵袭和转移能力的作用及分子机制。方法 常规培养卵巢癌细胞株SKOV-3、A2780、OC3、HO-8910和正常卵巢上皮细胞系IOSE80,Western blot检测各细胞中NCOA5蛋白的表达水平。选取高表达NCOA5的卵巢癌细胞SKOV-3 和A2780,各分为si-NC组、si-NCOA5组,并分别转染NC siRNA和NCOA5 siRNA。Boyden实验检测各组细胞侵袭能力,Transwell实验检测各组细胞转移能力,Western blot检测各组细胞上皮间质转（EMT）相关蛋白E-cadherin、N-cadherin、vimentin和Slug蛋白的表达水平。结果 Western blot结果显示NCOA5在卵巢癌细胞中的表达显著上调(P<0.05)。在SKOV-3和A2780细胞中干扰NCOA5的表达均显著抑制卵巢癌细胞侵袭和转移能力 (P<0.05),并促进EMT相关蛋白E-cadherin的表达,抑制细胞中EMT相关蛋白N-cadherin、vimentin和Slug蛋白的表达(P<0.05)。结论 NCOA5促进卵巢癌侵袭转移能力,具有作为卵巢癌新型预后生物标志物和治疗分子靶点的潜力。     

Ovarian sex cord tumor with annular tubules

Summary The clinicopathologic features of three new cases of ovarian sex cord tumors with annular tubules are presented, thereby increasing to 23 the number of the published cases in the world literature. These three observations, along with another one which was previously published, were found in the files of the Institute of Pathology of the University of Lausanne from 1939 to 1978. Forty-seven granulosa cell tumors and eight Sertoli and/or Leydig cell tumors of the ovary were found during the same 40-year period. The patients were 48, 64 and 71 years of age. No sign of the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome was noticed in the three patients. All three tumors caused metrorrhagias as a cardinal sign. They were bulky, unilateral and were formed by solid tissue with cystic spaces. Histologically, the most characteristic pattern consisted of simple and complex tubular structures as described by Scully in 1970. Two patients, in which the mitotic indexes of the tumors were lower than 5 mitoses per 10 HPF, died without evidence of a recurrence 36 and 37 years after surgical ablation of the tumor. The third patient, whose neoplasm featured fewer well differentiated tubular structures than the two previous ones and had a mitotic index of over 70 mitoses per 10 HPF, died from massive abdominal recurrence after 5 years and 5 months.The author thanks Prof. L. Ozzello, Dr. R. Cordey, Dr. R. Dayal, Dr. E. de Meuron, Dr. B. Morand, Dr. L. de Preux, Dr. J. Roggo and Dr. B. Winistorfer for their precious collaboration. The skillful technical assistance of Mrs. S. Burki and Mr. A. Saugy is gratefully acknowledged.     

卵巢癌血管生成的多样性

新血管生成在个体发育、创伤愈合等过程中起着至关重要的作用,也是肿瘤生存、转移、复发的组织基础[1].研究表明,少数极恶性肿瘤存在血管生成(angiogenesis)、血管形成(vasculogenesis)和血管生成拟态(vasculogenic mimicry)等方式,多种血管新生方式与肿瘤的转移、复发等恶性生物行为密切相关.卵巢癌的死亡率在女性生殖道癌瘤中居首位,患者5年生存率长期徘徊在30%左右,最新研究证实,卵巢恶性肿瘤血管生成具有多样性,本文将就卵巢癌不同血管生成方式的研究进展及其与卵巢恶性生物学行为的关系进行综述.     

卵巢癌细胞株冻融抗原负载的树突状细胞诱导CTL抗卵巢癌免疫应答的体外研究

目的研究卵巢癌冻融抗原负载的树突状细胞(dendriticcells,DC)诱导细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)体外杀伤卵巢癌细胞的细胞毒性效应。方法利用免疫磁珠分离法(MACS)分离纯化脐血CD34 细胞并在体外诱导分化为DC,用反复冻融法从卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3中提取的可溶性相关抗原负载DC。流式细胞学检测负载抗原后DC表面各种分化相关抗原的表达,ELISA法检测DC上清中IL12的表达,混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)测定DC体外刺激T细胞增殖的能力,MTT法检测抗原负载DC激活的抗原特异性CTL对卵巢癌细胞的杀伤作用。结果与未经抗原负载的DC相比,经卵巢癌抗原负载的DC不仅能更高地表达各种DC分化相关抗原CD1α(73.35%±2.94%vs34.1%±2.35%)、CD83(73.9%±8.46%vs54.68%±3.26%)、CD80(91.95%±2.48%vs52.53%±3.18%)、HLADR(70.05%±2.35%vs48.7%±2.07%)以及CD54(88.9%±5.52%vs71.45%±2.29%),同时具有更强的刺激同种异体T淋巴细胞增殖和IL12分泌的能力(P均<0.05)。此外,卵巢癌细胞SKOV3冻融抗原负载DC激活的CTL在体外对SKOV3的杀伤率为77.35%,显著高于未经抗原负载的DC(P=0.0001)。结论经卵巢癌细胞冻融抗原负载DC激活的CTL在体外具有更强的增殖能力和杀伤卵巢癌细胞的作用。     

Loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 3p,8p,9p and 17p in the progression of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx

Previous molecular genetic studies of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)have shown certain chromosomal regions with recurring alterations. But studies of sequential molecular alterations and genetic progression model of laryngeal SCC have not been clearly defined. To identify the chromosomal alterations associated with the carcinogenesis of laryngeal SCC, we analyzed genomic DNA from microdissected squamous metaplasia, squamous dysplasia, invasive SCC, and metastatic carcinoma samples from 22 laryngeal SCC patients for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at microsatellite loci. Ten microsatellite markers on chromosome 3p, 8p, 9p, and 17p were used. LOH at 9p21 was observed in the all stages including squamous metaplasia, squamous dysplasia, invasive SCC and metastatic carcinoma. LOH at 17p13.1, 3p25 and 3p14.2 was observed from the squamous dysplasia, invasive SCC and metastatic carcinoma. LOH at 8p21.3-p22 was observed mainly from the invasive SCC and metastatic carcinoma. The results suggest that 9p21 in the early event, 17p13.1, 3p25 and 3p14.2 in the intermediate event and 8p21.3- p22 in the late event may be involved in the laryngeal carcinogenesis.     

Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural correlates of muscle-actin expression in pleomorphic adenomas and myoepitheliomas based on comparison of formalin and methanol fixation

Summary The degree and range of differentiation of the cells referred to as myoepithelial-like in pleomorphic adenomas and the tumour cells of myoepitheliomas are not definitely established. This type of information is critical for establishing reliable diagnostic criteria, such as expression of muscle-specific actin and ultrastructural identification of myofilaments, in these and other salivary gland tumours. Pleomorphic adenomas (18) and myoepitheliomas (5), of which 10 cases were fixed only in formalin and 13 cases where tissues were fixed in both formalin and methanol/acetic acid, were studied. Each tumour and normal accompanying parotid was immunostained with two monoclonal antibodies for smooth muscle actin, HHF35 and MSA. Staining of myoepithelial cells was absent in certain samples of normal gland with both HHF35 (15%) and MSA (69%) when formalin-fixed tissue was used. Using formalin-fixed tissue from 15 pleomorphic adenomas/myoepitheliomas, 2 (14%) had focal positivity with HHF35, while 8 cases (57%) were positive with MSA. However, a certain degree of false positivity was suspected since in samples of normal parotid, both acinar and duct cells were frequently stained, particularly with MSA. With methanol/ acetic acid-fixed tissue only 4 of 13 cases (31%) were positive with either MSA or HHF35 and 2 of these only had a minor proportion of the tumour cells expressing muscle-specific actin. Using alcohol-fixed tissue, myoepithelial cells were strongly stained in all examples of normal parotid gland with both anti-actin antibodies. In 5 cases examined by electron microscopy, there was no apparent correlation between immunohistochemical results and the presence or absence of cytoplasmic filament accumulation. The results indicate considerable tumour cell heterogeneity in muscle-specific actin expression and suggest that non-luminal cells in pleomorphic adenomas and the tumour cells in myoepitheliomas may differentiate as classical myoepithelial cells, as partially differentiated (i.e. modified myoepithelial cells) or as the counterpart of basal cells present in the intra- and interlobular ducts of normal salivary gland.     

Development of patient derived organoids for cancer drug screening applications

Cancer is a disease characterised by abnormal cell growth that can invade or spread to other regions of the body. Organoids are three-dimensional ex vivo tissue cultures made from embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, progenitor cells or tissue that serve as a physiological model for cancer research. These are designed to recapitulate the in vivo properties of tumours. Importantly, effective recapitulation of the structure of tissues and function is believed to predict patient response, allowing for the creation of personalised therapy in a timely manner that may be used in the clinic. This Review discusses the pre-clinical model and different types of human organoids as models for the development of high throughput drug screening and also aims to highlight how organoids are shaping the future of cancer research.     

Ultrastructure of a virilizing ovarian Leydig-cell-tumor

Summary A case of virilizing ovarian hilus cell tumor (Leydig-cell tumor) in a 37 year old female was studied by light and electron microscopy. The ultrastructural features of this rare and almost allways benign tumor are compared with those reported in the literature and with findings in normal and neoplastic interstitial cells of the testis. Tubulovesicular hyperplasia and formation of whorl structures of the endoplasmatic reticulum together with the presence of exocytosis vesicles on the cell surface may be the morphological manifestation of endocrine activity of the tumor. The identity of ultrastructural and optical diffraction characteristics of the crystal inclusions in both cells (hilar and testicular interstitial) favours the assumption of an homology of both cells and their neoplasms.     

抗人卵巢癌×抗人CD3×抗CD28VH单链三特异抗体的胞内可溶表达、纯化及体外活性测定

目的　研究抗人卵巢癌 (ovariancarcinoma ,oc)×抗人CD3×抗CD2 8VH 单链三特异抗体(singlechaintrispecificantibody,scTsAb)在大肠杆菌中的可溶表达与纯化及纯化后产物的活性测定 ,从而为其应用于卵巢癌治疗的临床研究打下基础。方法　将已构建的scTsAb表达载体转化大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)Star菌株 ,采用低温 (30℃ )、低剂量IPTG(0 .2mmol L)诱导 ,进行胞内可溶表达。根据抗卵巢癌三特异抗体 (ocTsAb)等电点较高 (pI9.0 ) ,而菌体蛋白大多为酸性蛋白的特点 ,利用DEAE弱阴离子交换层析(pH8.0 )进行一步纯化 ,并利用ELISA及FACS的方法检测纯化后抗卵巢癌三特异抗体的活性。结果　(1)SDS PAGE鉴定低温诱导时可溶比例达到 5 6 %。 (2 )绝大多数菌体蛋白被DEAE层析柱吸附 ,而抗卵巢癌三特异抗体在穿透液中流出 ,SDS PAGE检测纯度达到 90 %。 (3)ELISA结果显示纯化后的抗卵巢癌三特异抗体与重组CD2 8纯抗原 ,Jurkat(CD3 )细胞膜提取抗原 ,SKOV3细胞膜提取抗原均有特异性结合。 (4 )FACS结果证明纯化后的抗卵巢癌三特异抗体与Jurkat(CD3 )活细胞、SKOV3活细胞有特异性结合。结论　低温诱导胞内可溶表达的抗人卵巢癌×抗人CD3×抗CD2 8VH 单链三特异抗体经弱阴离子交换层析一步纯化后仍保持原有免疫学活性 ,这