中重度OSAHS患者CPAP治疗前后1H-MRS变化的初步研究

目的：用多体素磁共振波谱(1 H-MRS)探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者持续正压通气(CPAP)治疗前后的变化。方法对25例进行 CPAP 治疗前后的中重度男性 OSAHS 患者及与其性别、年龄相匹配的25例健康对照者的双侧额叶均行头颅多体素1 H-MRS 检查。分别记录额叶各代谢物比值,比较两两之间的差异,并观察有无乳酸(Lac)峰出现。结果治疗前额叶 NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho(2.0212±0.2312和1.6088±0.2571)较健康对照者(2.7268±0.6071和2.4456±0.4375)减低,治疗后额叶 NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho(2.3140±0.3128和2.0164±0.4240)较治疗前(2.0212±0.2312和1.6088±0.2571)升高,治疗后额叶 NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho(2.3140±0.3128和2.0164±0.4240)较健康对照者(2.7268±0.6071和2.4456±0.4375)减低(P <0.01)。治疗前 Cho/Cr(1.2932±0.2615)较健康对照者(1.1292±0.1577)升高(P <0.05)。3组均未检测到 Lac 峰。结论多体素1 H-MRS 能敏感显示 OSAHS 患者 CPAP 治疗前后脑代谢的改变,提供临床疗效及预后评估的影像学依据。     

Prevention of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after bronchoscopic lung volume reduction with endobronchial valves

IntroductionBronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) with endobronchial valves (EBVs) has emerged as an important treatment method for patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are a frequent complication following BLVR with EBV. However, there is no consensus on the prevention of AECOPD.ObjectivesOur study aims to compare the outcomes of different prophylactic measures on the occurrence of AECOPD after BLVR with EBV.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, retrospective study of patients who underwent BLVR with EBV at six different institutions. Emphasis was directed towards the specific practices aimed at preventing AECOPD: antibiotics, steroids, antibiotics plus steroids, or no prophylaxis. Subgroups were compared, and odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.ResultsA total of 170 patients were reviewed. The rate of AECOPD was 21.2% for the full cohort. Patients who received prophylaxis had a significantly lower rate of AECOPD compared with those who did not (16.7% vs. 46.2%; p = 0.001). The rate was lowest in patients who received antibiotics alone (9.2%). There was no significant difference in the rate of AECOPD between patients who received steroids alone or antibiotics plus steroids, compared with the other subgroups. The OR for AECOPD was 4.3 (95% CI: 1.8–10.4; p = 0.001) for patients not receiving prophylaxis and 3.9 (95% CI: 1.5–10.1; p = 0.004) for prophylaxis other than antibiotics alone.ConclusionsAdministration of antibiotics after BLVR with EBV was associated with a lower rate of AECOPD. This was not observed with the use of steroids or in combination with antibiotics.     

A pilot investigation of e‐cigarette use and smoking behaviour among patients with chronic airway disease or respiratory symptoms

BackgroundThis pilot study aimed to investigate the current status of e‐cigarettes (ECs) use patterns among patients with chronic airway disease or chronic respiratory symptoms and the effects of ECs use on respiratory and mental health.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted at the outpatient clinic of eight teaching hospitals in South Korea between November 2019 and December 2019. All adult ECs users (19 years and above) who visited the outpatient clinic as a patient with chronic airway disease or chronic respiratory symptoms were eligible to participate in this study.ResultsA total of 51 subjects responded to the survey. Most of the participants were male (92.2%) and the mean age was 41.8 years. Dominant airway diseases were asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most of the subjects had a history of cigarette smoking, and 19 subjects were dual users of current cigarettes and ECs. Most of the subjects started ECs use due to health‐related reasons. When comparing exclusive ECs users and dual users, St. George''s respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) scores, the proportion of cases with moderate to severe depressive symptoms, and average Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence scores for ECs were higher in dual users than exclusive ECs users (mean 4.64 vs. 2.38, p = 0.006), respectively.ConclusionMost of the subjects started ECs use due to health concerns, but dual users have more respiratory symptoms and higher nicotine dependence in this pilot study. One hypothesis that comes from these results is that greater nicotine dependence may influence behaviours, habits, and views about ECs. These preliminary observations need confirmation in a large cohort.     

低分子肝素对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期疗效初探

目的:分子肝素在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)抗凝治疗中的应用价值。方法:将92例AECOPD患者随机分成对照组和治疗组,每组各46例。治疗组患者在对照组常规治疗基础上予低分子肝素4 000 U皮下注射,每天2次,治疗7 d。观察治疗前后患者肺功能指标FEV1及FEV1/FVC%,血气分析指标Pa O2、Pa CO2,血超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和血D-二聚体水平的变化情况。结果:两组FEV1、FEV1/FVC%、Pa O2、Pa CO2、hs-CRP和血D-二聚体水平治疗前后比较,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:低分子肝素治疗AECOPD效果明显。     

B超引导下多孔猪尾管置管引流的临床应用研究

目的　采用姑息性手段解除晚期恶性肿瘤病人的阻塞性黄疸 ,提高病人的生活质量。方法　 32例壶腹部占位、胆囊占位伴肝门部转移、胰头占位及胆总管占位病人 ,通过专用超声穿刺探头及 18号针将自制多孔猪尾管置入病人扩张的胆管内并保留。结果　 32例患者穿刺后 1周 ,肝内外胆管的直径分别由穿刺前的 0 6 5±0 10cm、1 85± 0 2 2cm下降为 0 35± 0 0 8cm、1 0 2± 0 12cm ;血清直接胆红素由穿刺前的 5 2 2 8± 5 93μmol L下降为10 6 8± 1 5 7μmol L。穿刺前后相比P <0 0 1。病人的临床症状明显改善。 结论　该方法简便 ,准确率高 ,无明显的副作用 ,而且经济实用 ,具有推广应用价值。     

前列地尔联合甲泼尼龙针改善血栓前状态治疗AECOPD临床分析

目的观察前列地尔联合甲泼尼龙对AECOPD炎症以及血栓前状态的影响,并分析其临床疗效。方法选取2011年8月~2013年8月于舟山市妇幼保健院进行治疗的AECOPD患者100例,随机分成甲泼尼龙治疗对照组和前列地尔联合甲泼尼龙治疗观察组,每组50例。IL-6、TNF-α表达的检测使用ELISA法。比较两组的全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度等血液流变指标,以及临床疗效和不良反应发生率。结果治疗前对照组和观察组全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后两组均出现显著减低(P<0.05),但观察组的减低效应显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前观察组和对照组IL-6、TNF-α表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后IL-6和TNF-α均显著减低(P<0.05和P<0.01),但治疗后IL-6、TNF-α表达水平在观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组咳嗽缓解时间、呼吸困难消失时间、啰音消失时间以及住院时间分别为5.74±1.62、3.68±0.76、5.27±1.24、9.74±2.28天,显著长于观察组的3.76±1.03、2.53±0.58、3.36±0.88、7.22±1.69天(P<0.05)。观察组临床治疗有效率为90.0%,显著优于对照组的76.0%(P<0.05)。结论前列地尔联合甲泼尼龙治疗AECOPD,可以显著改善患者的血栓前状态,抑制炎性反应,临床安全、有效,值得推广使用。     

成年OSAHS患者呼吸紊乱程度与年龄及脑电觉醒反应的相关性分析

目的探讨成年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停/低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患者中呼吸紊乱程度与脑电觉醒反应及年龄增长间的关系。方法对2005年1月~2014年12月入笔者医院神经科睡眠检查室行多导睡眠图监测的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停/低通气成年患者的睡眠情况进行回顾性分析,共入组621例,年龄>18岁,睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea-hypopnea index,AHI)≥5次/小时,观察与睡眠呼吸暂停/低通气相关的脑电觉醒指数(arousal index,ARI),采用相关性分析研究脑电觉醒反应与年龄、呼吸事件之间的关系。结果 621例患者,男性445例,女性176例(男∶女为2.53∶1),患者年龄最小19岁,最大84岁,患者平均年龄51.39±12.13岁;最小AHI=5.03,最大AHI=186.53,平均AHI33.84±22.59;最小ARI=0,最大ARI=195.60,平均ARI23.45±25.55;相关性分析ARI、AHI与年龄增长无相关性(P>0.01);ARI与AHI呈线性相关,相关系数为0.421,并且在各年龄组均有显著相关性。结论睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数对脑电觉醒反应程度有显著影响,呼吸紊乱指数越高,与相关脑电觉醒反应越明显,而年龄增长对呼吸事件相关的脑电觉醒反应没有明确的影响。     

农村慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者急性加重病因分析及防控体会

目的：分析农村慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重病因,加深对该疾病的认识及防控措施。方法：对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重268例诱发因素及防控进行分析。结果：感染、劳累及情绪是引起慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重主要诱因。结论：有效地避免发病的高危因素、急性加重的诱发因素对防控慢性阻塞性肺疾病的发生及进展意义重大。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者凌晨血压和血液流变学的变化

目的探讨不同程度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者凌晨血压、血液流变学的变化。方法依据呼吸暂停低通气指数将2006年4月至2007年7月在我科确诊为OSAHS的118例患者分为轻（31例）、中（40例）、重度（47例）3组,同时选择25例健康人作为对照组,记录血氧饱和度〈90％的累积时间占总监测时间的百分比（TS90％）,测定血液流变学及凌晨血压升高值。结果OSAHS重度组出现凌晨血压增高的21例（43％）,中度组的8例（20％）,轻度组1例（3％）;血液流变学各指标值、TS90％值OSAHS组均高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,中度和重度组高于轻度组（P〈0．05）,重度组显著高于中度组（P〈0．05）;凌晨血压增高组的血液流变学各指标值均明显高于非凌晨血压增高组（P〈0．05）。结论OSAHS患者血液黏稠度、凌晨血压增高比例、TS90％值随阻塞程度增加而升高,血液流变学的变化与凌晨血压增高相关。     

间置胆囊肝管空肠吻合治疗低位恶性阻塞性黄疸的探讨

目的　探讨间置胆囊肝管空肠吻合姑息治疗低位恶性阻塞性黄疸的价值。方法　对2 4例低位恶性阻塞性黄疸采用间置胆囊肝管空肠吻合姑息治疗。结果　 2 4例中术后未发生吻合口瘘 ,无胆道逆行感染 ,无手术死亡。血清胆红素下降 14例 (5 8.3 % ) ,术后 15d血清胆红素≤ 171μmol/L ,10例 (4 1.7% )术后 3 0d血清胆红素≤ 171μmol/L ;术后黄疸消退时间 18～ 3 5d ;术后 6个月、12个月、18个月生存率分别为 91.7%、62 .5 %、12 .5 %。结论　间置胆囊肝管空肠吻合是姑息治疗低位恶性阻塞性黄疸的有效措施。