Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia: a report of five cases and evaluation of bone markers

In this study, we analyzed the changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover in five patients with hypophosphatemic osteomalacia. The following bone markers were evaluated: among bone formation markers, total alkaline phosphatase (TAP), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (bone Gla protein, BGP) and procollagen type I N propeptide (PINP); among bone resorption markers, serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (s-CTx), urinary hydroxyproline (HYP), and N-terminal and and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of collagen (NTx and - and -CTx). In addition, the /-CTx ratio was evaluated. TAP and BAP were the markers with the highest increase in both frequency and magnitude. Conversely, BGP values were low in all patients. Collagen-related markers were slightly increased in nearly half of the patients. Among them, PINP showed the highest proportion of increased values. The /-CTx ratio was within normal values in all patients. In conclusion, TAP and BAP seem to be the best bone markers in the diagnostic evaluation of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia. In addition, their high values associated with low levels of BGP provide an even more reliable biochemical profile of this disorder, when associated with the classic mineral and skeletal homeostasis abnormalities.     

Normal bone particles are preferentially resorbed in the presence of osteocalcin-deficient bone particlesIn vivo

Summary In anin vivo model of osteoclastic bone resorption, we previously showed that osteocalcin-deficient bone particles (BPs), derived from warfarin-treated rats, were resorbed 50% as well as normal BPs and that they recruited fewer osteoclastic cells with decreased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. In order to determine the specificity of the resorption response, we evaluated the fate of implanted mixtures of normal and osteocalcin-deficient BPs. Normal and warfarin-treated donor rats were prelabeledin vivo with oxytetracycline to permit identification of BPs from either source. Normal, osteocalcin-deficient, and 50∶50 mixtures of BPs (either labeled or unlabeled) were implanted into normal rats and recovered 12 days later for enzymatic (TRAP) and nondecalcified histomorphometric analyses. The incorporated oxytetracycline had no signficant effect on resorption of bone particles. The recovered osteocalcin-deficient BPs were surrounded by fewer osteoclastic cells, were resorbed less, and contained less extractable TRAP activity than normal BPs. In mixed BP implants with normal and osteocalcin-deficient BPs, each type of bone particle elicited the same tissue response as when implanted separately. Remarkably, the different particles evoked dissimilar osteoclastic responses and were resorbed to different extents, even when adjacent within the same implant. These data suggest that osteocalcin may act as a substrate signal for resorption and that osteocalcin in the normal BPs does not influence the cellular response to adjacent osteocalcin-deficient BPs.     

Early bisphosphonate treatment in infants with severe osteogenesis imperfecta

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prospectively the efficacy of bisphosphonate treatment in infants with severe forms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). STUDY DESIGN: Of 10 children (6 females) with OI type III, 5 (group A) started treatment (2 mg/kg neridronate administered intravenously for 2 consecutive days, every 3 months) just after diagnosis at birth and 5 (group B) after 6 months. Ten untreated children, matched for sex, age, and clinical severity of OI, constituted a historical control group (group C). We measured weight, length, and number of fractures every 3 months and serum and urinary levels of calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, serum alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, insulin-like growth factor I, parathyroid hormone, and osteocalcin, urinary type I collagen N-terminal telopeptide, and lateral radiography of vertebral column every 6 months. RESULTS: Group A had better growth and a lower incidence of fractures than groups B and C in the first 6 months of treatment. In the second 6 months, both groups A and B had lower fracture rates than group C. After 12 months of therapy, osteocalcin and insulin-like growth factor I levels significantly increased only in group A. The urinary Ca/Cr ratio and N-terminal telopeptide/Cr ratio significantly declined only in treated patients. Vertebral body area and the structure of vertebral bodies improved in all treated patients, but especially in group A. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclical neridronate treatment, started just after diagnosis at birth, had positive effects on growth and fracture rate.     

原发性肺癌血清骨钙素水平与骨转移的关系

目的：观察血清骨钙素水平与肺癌骨转移的关系。方法：应用Pharmacia CAP系统检测86例原发性肺癌和36例正常人血清骨钙素水平。结果：肺癌及其不同细胞类型病人之间以及与正常人比较,无骨转移者血清骨钙素水平无明显差异,伴有骨转移者血清骨钙素水平（6.26±1.68）明显高于无骨转移者（4.53±1.50）和正常人（4.56±1.53）（P〈0.05）。结论：血清骨钙素检测对预示肺癌发生骨转移有参考价值。     

Prevalence of vitamin K and vitamin D deficiency in patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic disorders

Little is known about the role of fat-soluble vitamins K and D in liver function and bone metabolism in biliary and pancreatic diseases associated with cholestasis and/or fat malabsorption. The aim of this study was to determine vitamin K of bone, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone status in patients with biliary and pancreatic disorders. In 90 consecutive patients (mean ± SD age, 65.5 ± 17.7 years; 45 females) undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (68 with choledocholithiasis, 14 with other benign condition, and 8 with cholangiopancreatic cancers) fasting concentrations of carboxylated (cOC) and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, prothrombin time, liver function tests, lipase, and creatinine were measured. Vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D <50 nmol/L) was found in 45.6% of patients and elevated parathyroid hormone levels in 27.8%. The ratio ucOC/cOC (index of vitamin K deficiency) was above 20% in 50.6% of patients, above 30% in 31%, and above 50% in 18.4%. Hyperbilirubinemia was a significant independent predictor of low cOC (odds ratio [OR], 11.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-59.4; P = .07). The ratio ucOC/cOC positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase levels (r = 0.410; P < .001). Elevated γ-glutamyltransferase (>180 U/L) and international normalized ratio (>1.1) levels were significant independent predictors of ucOC/cOC greater than 30% after adjustment for other covariants (OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.2-25.2; P = .027, and OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.1-8.8; P = .036, respectively). This study demonstrates that vitamin K and vitamin D deficiencies are common in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Liver dysfunction is associated with and predictive of vitamin K deficiency of bone and decreased production of osteocalcin, indicating the need for appropriate supplementation.     

补肝肾健脾温针灸法防治原发性骨质疏松症及骨量减少的临床研究

目的:探讨补肝肾健脾温针灸法防治原发性骨质疏松症及骨量减少的作用。方法:分别将原发性骨质疏松症63例随机分为针灸治疗组32例和药物治疗组31例,骨量减少患者40例随机分为针灸防治组20例和药物防治组20例,针灸治疗组和防治组均选取大杼、肝俞、肾俞、足三里、阳陵泉、三阴交、悬钟、关元,予针灸治疗,隔日1次,治疗45天次;药物组口服维丁钙片,4片/次,3次/d,连续3个月。观察各组治疗前后的骨密度(BMD)、骨钙素(BGP)、骨痛积分、衰老积分及临床疗效。结果:治疗结束后3个月,针灸治疗组的L2-L4、左股骨Neck、Ward区及GT骨密度较治疗前均有明显增加(P<0.01,或P<0.05);药物治疗组左股骨Ward区骨密度较治疗前有明显变化(P<0.01),左股骨L2-L4、Neck骨、GT部位的密度较治疗前轻微增加,但差异无显著意义,两治疗组间比较差异有统计学意义。骨量减少防治结束后3个月,针灸防治组L2-L4、股骨Neck、Ward区及GT骨密度值与药物组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。针灸和药物治疗骨质疏松症患者及针灸和药物防治骨量减少患者3个月后,BGP较治疗前均有不同程度降低(P<0.01),且针灸组与药物组BGP降低差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。针灸和药物治疗组、针灸和药物防治组治疗后骨痛积分和衰老积分较治疗前降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),针灸治疗、防治组与药物组治疗、药物防治组治疗前后骨痛积分、衰老积分差值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。针灸治疗组的临床控制率为25.0%、药物治疗组为3.25%,针灸防治组的临床控制率为35%,药防治物组为10%,针灸治疗、防治组疗效优于药物治疗、防治组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论:补肝肾健脾针法治疗骨质疏松症及防治骨量减少在提高骨密度、改善骨代谢、降低骨痛积分,改善衰老症状,改善临床症状上优于口服维丁钙片。该针灸疗法对防治原发性骨质疏松症及骨量减少,延缓衰老有明显的优势。     

依那普利和替米沙坦对绝经后原发性高血压女性患者骨密度及骨转化的影响

目的：观察依那普利和替米沙坦对绝经后原发性高血压女性患者骨密度及骨转化指标的影响。方法：将120例绝经后原发性高血压患者随机分为血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂组（ACEⅠ组）、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞药组（ARB组）和钙通道阻滞药组（CCB组）,每组各40例患者,分别给予依那普利、替米沙坦和硝苯地平进行降压治疗。治疗1年后,观察3组患者血压、骨密度（BMD）、骨钙素、β胶原特殊序列（β-CTX）及血清钙离子和磷离子浓度的变化。结果：治疗前3组患者各项指标比较,差异均无统计学意义。治疗后,3组患者血压均降至正常范围,且血清钙离子和磷离子浓度及骨钙素组间比较差异无统计学意义。ACEⅠ组患者β-CTX较治疗前显著下降（P〈0．05）,BMD显著升高（P〈0．05）,而骨钙素无显著变化（P〉0．05）;ARB组和CCB组患者的BMD显著下降（P〈0．05）,而骨钙素及β-CTX无显著变化（P〉0．05）;组间比较,ACEI组患者β-CTX显著低于ARB组和CCB组患者,BMD显著高于ARB组和CCB组患者,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。3组患者血清钙离子、磷离子的浓度治疗前、后均无显著变化（P〉0．05）。结论：依那普利具有抑制骨吸收的作用,能改善绝经后高血压女性患者骨量的丢失,而替米沙坦不具备此作用。     

伊班膦酸钠对肝癌并骨转移骨钙素及骨碱性磷酸酶的影响

目的：探讨骨钙素（osteocalcin,OST）、骨碱性磷酸酶（bone alkaline phosphatase,BAP）对肝癌并骨转移的预测作用及其伊班膦酸钠对骨代谢的影响。方法收集肝癌并骨转移患者16例、肝癌并非骨转移患者22例及肝癌无转移患者20例,并予伊班磷酸钠治疗肝癌并骨转移组,检测各组及肝癌并骨转移治疗前、治疗28、56及84 d骨钙素、骨碱性磷酸酶水平,比较各组间及治疗前后其差异。结果肝癌并骨转移组、肝癌非骨转移组、无转移组血清骨钙素水平分别为31.12±4.18、13.00±6.92、10.23±1.34,骨碱性磷酸酶分别为20.11±1.65、11.41±1.25、10.78±1.35,其中骨转移组骨钙素及骨碱性磷酸酶水平较其他两组差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。伊班膦酸钠注射液可降低肝癌骨转移组骨钙素及骨碱性磷酸酶水平,治疗后较治疗前差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0.05）。结论骨钙素、骨碱性磷酸酶对肝癌并骨转移患者有较好的预测作用,伊班膦酸钠注射液可有效治疗骨转移瘤,机制可能与降低骨钙素及骨碱性磷酸酶相关。     

血清骨钙素水平与老年2型糖尿病病人慢性炎症指标的相关性

目的 探讨在老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)病人中,血清骨钙素(OC)水平与慢性炎症指标的相关性.方法 选取2018年6月至2020年3月在华东师范大学附属芜湖医院老年医学科住院的192例病人作为研究对象,分为T2DM组92例,非T2DM组100例,比较两组受试者血清OC水平、一般生化指标以及慢性炎症指标的关系,并分析在T2...