城市生活垃圾分类方法探讨

分析了我国城市生活垃圾分类方法现状及存在问题,提出了新的城市生活垃圾分类方法设计方案.     

芬太尼联合咪唑安定在实验大鼠麻醉中的伦理问题探讨

目的 分析芬太尼联合咪唑安定的机理,通过与一些常用麻醉方法的对比,判断其在麻醉中伦理性的优势体现.方法 将45只大鼠随机分为三组,A组：1％戊巴比妥钠40 mg/kg腹腔注射麻醉;B组：5％氯胺酮120mg/kg腹腔注射;C组：咪达唑仑5 mg/kg＋芬太尼0.05 mg/kg尾静脉注射麻醉.观察麻醉效果.结果 使用芬太尼联合咪唑安定的麻醉方式,麻醉起效时间为：0.02±0.03 min,麻醉维持时间为：89.73±22.59 min,麻醉操作时间为：1.51±0.30 min,麻醉成功例数为：15例.结论 芬太尼联合咪唑安定的方法与目前常用的麻醉方法相比,优点较为突出,尤其对实验大鼠麻醉中的安全性、利用率以及复苏后的动物伦理问题都有显著的提高和保障.     

正交试验设计法优选复方利多卡因乳膏的基质处方

目的优选复方利多卡因乳膏的基质处方。方法采用预试验法确定乳化剂,采用正交试验设计法筛选基质处方,以单硬脂酸甘油酯、白凡士林、甘油、液体石蜡为考察因素,以乳膏的外观性状和稳定性为评价指标,以综合打分的方式确定乳膏的最佳基质处方并进行验证试验。结果复方利多卡因乳膏的最佳基质处方为1000g乳膏中含硬脂酸100g,三乙醇胺20g,单硬脂酸甘油酯50g,自凡士林50g,甘油80g,液体石蜡80g,验证试验综合得分均〉95分,考察指标结果达到要求。结论优选的复方利多卡因乳膏基质处方合理,制剂成品质量稳定。     

新型多功能治疗车的研制及使用效果评价

目的：研制一种新型多功能治疗车,便于护士及时有效地为患者治疗护理,提高工作效率。方法：采用轻型防水的塑钢材料制作新型多功能治疗车,将治疗护理所用的物品、敷料和药物等集中放置,既便于实际操作,又能增强护患沟通,提高护理质量。结果：使用该治疗车后减少了工作耗时,提高了录入工作效率,提高了患者满意度和护士满意度。结论：该治疗车提高了护理人员的工作质量,有效降低了劳动强度,深受医护人员、患者及家属的好评,值得临床推广应用。     

Instructional design affects the efficacy of simulation-based training in central venous catheterization

Background

Simulation-based learning is a common educational tool in health care training and frequently involves instructional designs based on Experiential Learning Theory (ELT). However, little research explores the effectiveness and efficiency of different instructional design methodologies appropriate for simulations. The aim of this study was to compare 2 instructional design models, ELT and Guided Experiential Learning (GEL), to determine which is more effective for training the central venous catheterization procedure.

Methods

Using a quasi-experimental randomized block design, nurse anesthetists completed training under 1 of the 2 instructional design models. Performance was assessed using a checklist of central venous catheterization performance, pass rates, and critical action errors.

Results

Participants in the GEL condition performed significantly better than those in the ELT condition on the overall checklist score after controlling for individual practice time (F[1, 29] = 4.021, P = .027, Cohen's d = .71), had higher pass rates (P = .006, Cohen's d = 1.15), and had lower rates of failure due to critical action errors (P = .038, Cohen's d = .81).

Conclusions

The GEL model of instructional design is significantly more effective than ELT for simulation-based learning of the central venous catheterization procedure, yielding large differences in effect size.     

青春期大鼠左侧精索静脉的解剖变异及其在实验性左侧精索静脉曲张模型中的运用

目的:探索青春期大鼠左侧精索静脉(LSV)解剖变异对诱导实验性左侧精索静脉曲张(ELV)的影响。方法:将30只雄性青春期SD大鼠随机分成3组,每组10只。A组缩窄左肾静脉并结扎LSV侧支,B组仅缩窄左肾静脉,C组为假手术组。观察LSV走行,测量其直径。术后30 d分析左肾大体和组织学变化,并再次测量LSV直径。结果:大鼠LSV 90%存在不规律出现的侧支,仅10%无侧支。术后各组左肾未见异常。A、B、C组LSV直径术前和术后分别为(0.16±0.08)mm和(1.47±0.15)mm、(0.15±0.07)mm和(0.31±0.49)mm、(0.16±0.06)mm和(0.17±0.07)mm。A组术后直径较术前明显增粗(P0.01),B组和C组均无统计学差异(P均0.05)。术后LSV直径A组明显大于B组(P0.01)。A组ELV诱导成功率为100%,B组为10%(仅1只LSV无侧支的大鼠造模成功),C组未见曲张。结论:认清LSV解剖回流,并结扎其不规律出现的侧支是建立稳定一致的ELV模型的关键。     

The Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline (IDCD) study: Design and baseline characteristics

BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk of dementia. The prospective longitudinal Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline study aims at identifying T2D-related characteristics associated with cognitive decline.MethodsSubjects are population-based T2D 65+, initially cognitively intact. Medical conditions, blood examinations, and medication use data are since 1998; cognitive, functional, demographic, psychiatric, DNA, and inflammatory marker study assessments were conducted every 18 months. Because the duration of T2D reflects its chronicity and implications, we compared short (0–4.99 years), moderate (5–9.99), and long (10+) duration for the first 897 subjects.ResultsThe long duration group used more T2D medications, had higher glucose, lower glomerular filtration rate, slower walking speed, and poorer cognitive functioning. Duration was not associated with most medical, blood, urine, and vital characteristics.ConclusionsTracking cognition, with face-to-face evaluations, exploiting 15 years of historical detailed computerized, easily accessible, and validated T2D-related characteristics may provide novel insights into T2D-related dementia.     

医院票据精细化管理

票据管理过程是一项非常复杂而又具体繁琐的工作,是为规范医疗收费行为,强化医疗收费监督检查,同时为加强廉政风险防控机制建设,财政部要求自2014年起行政事业单位将实施内部控制管理,具体要求梳理单位各类经济活动的业务环节与流程,确定风险点,采取应对措施,票据管理也是医院财务风险点的控制内容之一,如何有效控制票据工作过程中存在的各种风险,降低该项业务风险成本,本文结合医院实际工作重点就如何利用信息系统（HIS系统）的业务流程的设计方法,使得医疗票据管理工作过程趋于精细化,做到实时操作实时监控,能够把票据在交易过程中所带来的风险保持在最低水平,更加规范医院票据内部控制管理工作,保证医院收入的安全与完整。     

实验教学管理软件的研究方案

目的：开发研制实验室管理软件,形成理论教学与实验教学并重的模式。方法：应用css/div标准化结构进行登录界面的设计,建立浏览器登录界面,设置用户登录及身份验证。结果：该实验教学管理软件不仅可在网上预约实验,还能够随时查询实验课程的安排及内容,查询实验室的使用情况、实验室仪器的管理、使用情况。结论：实验教学管理软件在实现实验室的信息化管理的同时,可提高已有教学资源的利用率,促进教育教学改革的发展,对于学生科研意识及动手能力的培养起到很大作用。