计算机专业人员职业压力与心身健康的关系研究

目的探讨计算机专业从业人员职业压力与身体健康、心理健康以及工作满意度之间的相互关系,以缓解职业压力带来的问题。方法采用职业压力指标第二版OSI-2,对计算机专业从业人员进行调查。结果职业压力与工作满意度（r=-0.566,P〈0.01）、身体健康状况（r=-0.612,P〈0.01）以及心理健康状况（r=-0.657,P〈0.01）都呈负相关;而且工作满意度与身体健康（r=0.552,P〈0.05）及心理健康（r=0.684,P〈0.01）都存在正相关,身体健康因素与心理健康因素也成显著正相关（r=0.722,P〈0.01）;再通过建立职业压力多元回归方程式,发现身心健康因素进入职业压力回归方程式（adj R^2=0.342,F=12.236,P〈0.001）。结论计算机专业人员从业压力感受越高,身心健康水平越低;相反,身心健康水平下降,职业压力感受也会增大;身心健康因素成为职业压力的预测因素,因此想要调整压力还要从身心等方面综合考虑。     

GBZ 97-2017 《职业性放射性肿瘤判断规范》解析——放射性肿瘤病因概率方法的不确定性

放射性肿瘤病因概率（PC）方法具有先天的不确定性,这是我国国家标准中亟待加强的部分。笔者总结了放射性肿瘤PC方法不确定性的来源和主要内容,以及不确定性的分析和评估的研究现状,并介绍了降低PC方法不确定度的几种措施。     

Increased risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A nationwide cohort study in Taiwan

Data on the risk of developing diabetes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are limited and have yielded mixed results. We conducted a nationwide cohort study to investigate the risk of subsequent type 2 diabetes in patients with SLE compared with matched non-SLE controls.Data were collected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Adult patients newly diagnosed with SLE between 2003 to 2010 were identified as the study cohort. The non-SLE group was matched for age, gender, and date of initial diagnosis as the comparison cohort.A total of 6159 SLE patients (87.90% female, mean age 38.79 years) were identified during this period. Of these, 206 (3.34%) developed type 2 diabetes. The 3-year incidence of type 2 diabetes was significantly higher in the SLE cohort than in the control group (130.26 vs 101.18 cases per 10,000 person-years), with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.44), after adjusting for age, gender, underlying comorbidities, and monthly income. Stratified analyses showed that women with SLE and low-income SLE patients (monthly income < 20,000 New Taiwan Dollar) had a higher risk of type 2 diabetes than non-SLE controls, with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.21 (95% CI 1.01–1.45) and 1.36 (95% CI 1.10–1.69), respectively.Patients with newly diagnosed SLE had a 22% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes during the 3-year follow-up period compared with matched controls.     

宁波市某火力发电厂员工免疫功能检测结果分析

[目的] 探讨长期职业暴露对发电厂员工免疫功能的影响。[方法] 采用美国BD公司的FAC-SCalibur流式细胞仪检测技术和免疫比浊法,对200例发电厂员工(暴露组)和80例正常健康体检人员(对照组)的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能进行检测分析。[结果] 暴露组免疫球蛋白异常率为16.5%,高于对照组的7.5%(P<0.05)。CD3、CD4、CD8和CD4/CD8值均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。暴露组外周血清中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA的含量降低,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论] 长期发电厂环境下的职业暴露,T淋巴细胞亚群CD3、CD4、CD8和CD4/CD8值可能会降低,体液免疫功能也可能会降低。     

Cross-cultural adaptation and reliability of the Arabic version of Children’s Hand-use Experience Questionnaire (CHEQ)

BackgroundValidated outcome measures are essential for assessment and treatment of children with disabilities. The Children’s Hand-use Experience Questionnaire (CHEQ) was developed and validated for use in Western countries for children with unilateral hand dysfunction. This study aimed to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and investigate reliability for the Arabic CHEQ.MethodsTranslation and cross-cultural adaptation were performed in four phases: (i) forward-translation and reconciliation with feedback from parents and typically developing children from Jordan (n = 14); (ii) backward-translation and review; (iii) cognitive debriefing with parents and/or their children with unilateral hand dysfunction (n = 17); and (iv) review and proofreading. In the psychometric analyses, 161 children from Jordan (mean age [SD] 10y 8 m [5y 8 m]; 88 males) participated. Internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach’s alpha. Test-retest reliability was evaluated in 39 children with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and weighted kappa (κ).ResultsSynonyms of four words were added to accommodate for different Arabic dialects. On average, 93% of children with unilateral hand dysfunction and their parents understood the CHEQ items. One response alternative, ‘Get help’, to the opening question was unclear for 70% of the respondents and need further explanation. Two items about using a knife and fork were difficult to comprehend and culturally irrelevant. High internal consistency was demonstrated (Cronbach’s alphas 0.94- 0.97) and moderate to excellent ICC (0.77–0.93). For 18 individual items, κ indicated poor to good agreement (κ between 0.28 and 0.66).ConclusionsAfter the suggested minor adjustments, the Arabic CHEQ will be comprehensible, culturally relevant and reliable for assessing children with unilateral hand dysfunction in Jordan.     

安徽省公立医院护士医用防护用品知识现状调查

目的了解安徽省公立医院护士对医用防护用品知识掌握现状,分析其薄弱项和影响因素,为开展进一步的培训工作提供依据。方法根据国家卫健委文件和文献综述结果自行设计调查问卷,采用方便抽样法通过问卷星对56家安徽省公立医院6 586名护士进行调查,并采用多元线性回归法分析护士医用防护知识的影响因素。结果最终收到有效问卷6 502份。知识总分为(54.42±5.73)分,条目回答正确率为40.31%～99.71%。单因素分析显示不同最高学历、医院等级、科室、是否参与过传染病救治、是否在新冠肺炎一线工作、是否接受过防护用品知识培训的护士得分差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示:最高学历、是否参与过传染病救治、是否在新冠肺炎一线工作、是否接受过防护用品知识培训是知识得分的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论防护用品适用范围和摘除流程是安徽省公立医院护士个人防护知识的薄弱项。本科及以上学历、参与过传染病救治、在新冠肺炎一线工作、接受过防护用品知识培训的护士知识得分较高。管理者除了理论知识培训外,可以通过情景模拟、操作演示等技能培训方法提高护士职业防护技能。     

护士职业防护及标准预防专项教育研究

目的 开展专项教育对护士职业防护的影响.方法 采用自行设计的问卷、护士专项教育后试卷重测及职业的防护技能考核进行统计分析.结果 实施专项教育前、后,护士整体知晓率有显著不同,中专与大专以上护士专项教育前有区别,专项教育前后无差异,技能考核正确率85.84%.结论 对护士开展专项教育是十分必要,培养护士双向防护能力并自觉地将其整合到护理流程中,加强医院感染管理的环节控制,但防护意识的提高和良好习惯的形成需要持之以恒的教育.     

隧道建设接尘人员矽肺合并肺结核调查研究

[目的]了解35年前的隧道建设接尘人员矽肺与结核发病状况,分析患者发现延迟及误诊原因,探讨矽肺合并肺结核发病规律及防治对策。[方法]用现状调查方法对62个乡镇参加建设的2 840名现存接尘人员进行调查。[结果]检出矽肺患者458人(Ⅰ期376人、Ⅱ期75人、Ⅲ期7人),患病率16.1%;矽肺合并肺结核95人,合并率20.7%(Ⅰ期合并率18.1%、Ⅱ期32.0%、Ⅲ期42.9%);在无尘肺的接尘人员中,肺结核检出率5.6%(133/2382)。肺结核病人发现延迟23.2%,矽肺病人发现延迟82.5%;矽肺误诊为肺结核76人,误诊率16.6%。[结论]矽肺病患者和粉尘作业人员是结核病易感人群,肺结核是矽肺病的主要并发症及死亡原因之一,应加强矽肺结核的预防控制工作。     

Modeling Time to Cure of Deep Vein Thrombosis Using Cox Proportional Model in Southwest of Ethiopia

BackgroundGlobally, there are about 10 million cases of deep vein thrombosis every year, and it is the third leading cardiovascular disease after myocardial infarction and stroke. The objective of the study is to assess risk factors of time to cure patients of deep vein thrombosis in southwest Ethiopia.MethodsA retrospective cohort study design was used. The study population was deep vein thrombosis patients at purposively selected hospitals in Southwest Ethiopia from January 2017 to December 2020. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify risk factors associated with deep vein thrombosis.ResultsOut of the total 1068 registered as deep vein thrombosis patients, 263(24.6%) were cured during the study period, and 805(75.4%) were censored. Results of the Cox proportional hazard model show that; age, gender, family history of deep vein thrombosis, smoking status, immobilize and alcohol consumption were factors associated with deep vein thrombosis (p-value<0.05).ConclusionThe patients with a family history of deep vein thrombosis, prolonged immobilization, greater the 50 years, smoking cigarettes, female (non-pregnant) and alcohol users had a longer curing time of deep vein thrombosis compared to others.     

某新建2×600MW火电项目职业病危害控制效果评价

目的评价新建2×600 MW火电项目职业病危害控制效果。方法通过职业卫生现场调查、检测、职业健康检查作定性、定量评价,采用检查表法评价项目的选址、总体布局和设备布局。结果该项目选址、布局、职业病防护措施和辅助用室等基本符合国家有关法规标准,主要职业病危害因素为粉尘、噪声、高温和工频电场,经检测有2个粉尘作业点STEL超限值,4个粉尘作业点CTWAPC-TWA的2倍,6个岗位噪声8 h等效连续A声级超过职业接触限值,开关站工频电场强度超过5 kV/m。结论该项目为职业病危害严重的建设项目,职业病防护措施可行、有效,但需加强粉尘和噪声的职业病危害控制措施。