Teaching spiritual care – a grounded theory study among undergraduate nursing educators

Aims and objectives. To explore teachers’ understanding of spirituality and how they prepare undergraduate nursing students to recognise spiritual cues and learn to assess and provide spiritual care. Background. Nursing education addresses patient care in all domains of the person. Systematic teaching and supervision of students to prepare them to assist patients spiritually is an important part of holistic care. However, few role models for spiritual care are seen in clinical practice, and limited research addresses necessary student competencies or how teachers can best facilitate this process. Design. Grounded theory was used to identify teachers’ main concern and develop a substantive grounded theory. Methods. Data collected during semi‐structured interviews at three Norwegian University Colleges in five focus groups with 19 undergraduate nursing teachers were conducted from 2008 to 2009. Data were analysed through constant comparison of transcribed interviews until categories emerged and were saturated. Results. The participants’ main concern was ‘How to help students recognize cues and ways of providing spiritual care’. Participants resolved this by ‘Journeying with Students through their Maturation’. This basic social process has three iterative phases that develop throughout the nursing programme: ‘Raising Student awareness to Recognize the Essence of Spirituality’, ‘Assisting Students to Overcome Personal Barriers’, and ‘Mentoring Students’ Competency in Spiritual Care’. Conclusion. Nursing education should prepare students to recognise and act on spiritual cues. Making spiritual assessment and interventions more visible and explicit throughout nursing programmes, in both classroom and clinical settings, will facilitate student maturation as they learn to integrate theoretical thinking into clinical practice. Relevance to clinical practice. Nursing students need role models who demonstrate spiritual care in the fast‐paced hospital environment as well as in other clinical practice settings. To model spirituality as part of nursing care can assist students to overcome their vulnerability and to safeguard ethical issues and promote patient integrity.     

新护士带教方法的再探讨

目的探讨一种在新护士带教中既节省时间又全面系统的带教方法。方法便利抽样法选择2008年5月至2011年lO月在保定市第二中心医院妇产科轮转的新护士60名为研究对象。按随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组30名。观察组新护士接受多个老师的带教,对照组新护士按一对一带教。带教3个月后,两组新护士进行综合考评并比较带教效果。结果观察组新护士在操作技术、疾病宣教、护理查房、表格书写、口头提问等方面均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P〈O．05）。结论多个老师的带教较一对一带教能使新护士在更短时间内全面、系统地掌握护理知识及治疗方法。     

医学技能实验教学改革的思考

围绕“综合性、设计性、创新性”实验改革思想,中南大学机能试验中心在教学中开展了一系列实验教学改革的探索,以加强学生实践能力和创新能力培养,加快实验室建设,并取得了显著的教学效果。     

呼吸功能不全综合实验改革的探索

目的:为了探索如何在一次教学实验中将生理学、病理生理学和药理学三个机能学科的实验有机地结合起来, 形成综合性实验以培养学生的综合思维和实验研究能力。方法:在病理生理学的呼吸功能不全实验的基础上, 增加了呼吸的生理调节和不同类型的呼吸衰竭采用不同的针对性药物治疗, 并且采用启发式教学方法。结果:学生学习兴趣明显提高, 学生不仅学到了更多的研究方法, 而且综合分析和科研创新能力都有明显提高。结论:这种改进明显提高了实验课的教学水平和教学质量。     

Teaching consultants airway management skills

Airway management skills are integral to the practice of anaesthesiology and also to the practice of emergency medicine and allied health professions such as respiratory care, emergency medical technology, and emergency and critical care nursing. The basic information to be taught is the same but the level of detail will vary depending on the audience. The learning process usually involves progression from didactic lessons to skills training on inanimate models to supervised clinical practice. Modalities that may be used for skills training include cadavers, recently dead patients, videotapes, mannequins, simulators and virtual reality trainers. To maintain knowledge and skills, review and possible retraining should be conducted on an approximately annual basis.     

情景式健康教育在初产妇母乳喂养培训中的应用

目的 探讨情景式健康教育在初产妇母乳喂养知识与技能培训中的有效性.方法 将120例初产妇按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各60例,对照组采用传统模式对初产妇进行母乳喂养健康教育,观察组进行情景式健康教育,比较两组健康教育的效果.结果 观察组初产妇母乳喂养知识、技能掌握及实践能力显著优于对照组(均P＜0.01);产妇对健康教育效果的满意度显著优于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 情景式健康教育可促进初产妇母乳喂养知识与技能的掌握,提高其实践能力;提高患者满意度,促进护患和谐.     

学校与医院“定岗双元”合作培养护理专业人才的课程构建

目的通过改革护理专业学校与医院"定岗双元"合作培养护理人才的课程构建,向社会输送优秀护士,为医院专科护士的培养打下基础。方法学校与医院签订合作协议,双方在专业论证、承担临床课程教学、实训基地建设、课程构建、学生就业等方面广泛合作,构建的课程体系分为通识教育课程模块、专业基础课程模块、专业主干课程模块、专业方向课程模块和实践课程模块5大模块。并对2008～2011级护理专业"定岗双元"的学生实施院校合作培养。结果学生对教师课堂教学组织、教学效果、结合临床与大纲、拓展前沿知识的评分为(7.92±1.45)～(8.97±1.69)分,为较好水平;2008级学生均通过2011年的全国护士执业资格考试,毕业后全部被医院录用。用人单位对毕业学生留院临床工作的综合评价良好。结论院校"定岗双元"合作培养的课程构建使学生、学院和医院多方受益。"定岗双元"教学课程改革能构建就业导向型课程体系,将教学质量的测评与国家、行业标准相衔接。     

妇产科学案例教学法在全科医生短期培训中的应用效果研究

背景　在全科医生的继续教育中,以提高全科医生临床诊疗能力为目的的短期专项培训占很大比重,但这类培训主要以讲授教学法为主,师生课堂互动少,学员很容易注意力不集中从而影响培训效果。因此,将案例教学法引入全科医生短期培训对增强培训效果具有重要意义。目的　探讨妇产科学案例教学法在全科医生短期培训中的教学效果。方法　选择2018年在重庆市全科医学教育中心参加妇产科常见病与多发病规范化诊断与治疗短期培训班的110例全科医生为研究对象,并在招生时将其随机分为第1期（对照组）和第2期（研究组）。依据纳入、排除标准排除中途请假和未能完成相关考试的学员6例,最终对照组与研究组各纳入52例研究对象。两组均采用相同的教学方案,即相同的教学内容（妇产科常见病与多发病的诊断和治疗）、相同的培训时间（1周）、相同的评估方法（培训前后同等难度的考试、培训效果和满意度的问卷调查）。研究组采用案例教学法,对照组采用传统讲授式教学法,对比两组培训前后的考试成绩,临床诊疗能力、临床思维、基础知识掌握度、学习兴趣的自评得分,培训满意度自评得分。结果　对照组与研究组培训前的考试成绩分别为（62.6±14.6）、（61.6±18.6）分,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。培训后两组成绩分别为（86.5±8.7）、（95.6±2.0）分,两组成绩均较培训前提高（P<0.05）,且培训后研究组考核成绩明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。培训后,研究组临床诊疗能力、临床思维、基础知识掌握度、学习兴趣及培训满意度自评得分均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　妇产科学案例教学法在全科医生短期培训中的教学效果更好,更有利于提高全科医生的妇产科学诊治能力。     

角色扮演情景模拟录像分析教学模式在全科医师规范化培训中的应用效果研究

背景　截至2017年底,我国全科医师队伍已达到25.3万人,但是距离每万名居民拥有5名全科医师的目标相距甚远。全科医学培训在我国发展时间较短,由于传统教学模式以及传统观念的制约,全科医学的发展存在一定的局限性。目的　探讨角色扮演情景模拟录像分析教学模式在全科医师规范化培训（规培）中的应用效果。方法　于2018年3-9月选取河北医科大学第二医院参加培训的86名学员为研究对象,将所有学员按照宿舍号随机分为对照组和观察组,各43名。对照组学员采用传统教学模式进行培训,观察组学员采用角色扮演情景模拟录像分析教学法进行培训。比较两组学员理论知识、操作技能及情景模拟考核成绩,比较两组学员对此教学模式感兴趣程度、学习收获程度等自我评价结果。结果　观察组学员理论知识、操作技能及情景模拟考核成绩均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组学员对此教学模式感兴趣程度、学习收获程度等自我评价结果均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　角色扮演情景模拟录像分析教学模式能够提高全科医师学习积极性及综合技能,可应用于全科医学教学实践中。