Temporal trends of aeroallergen sensitization over twenty-five years

BACKGROUND: Little is known about time trends of allergic respiratory disease in adults, in particular in older adults. Furthermore, few trend studies have used objective measurements of IgE sensitization against inhalant allergens. OBJECTIVES: To investigate time trends of aeroallergen sensitization in adults over a 25-year period. METHODS: The study includes a total of 7820 persons, aged 30, 40, 50, and 60 years, who participated in three repeated cross-sectional studies of the general population of Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1976-1977, 1982-1984, and 1999-2001, respectively. Respiratory allergy was assessed by determination of specific IgE aeroallergen sensitization in stored serum samples. RESULTS: Over this 25-year period, a marked and statistically significant increase in the prevalence of aeroallergen sensitization had occurred. This increase was seen in all age-groups challenging the notion that the allergy epidemic only affects generations born 1960 onwards. For example, in 40-year-olds the prevalence (with 95% confidence intervals) of aeroallergen sensitization was 14.9% (12.7-17.1), 19.7% (17.1-22.3), and 27.6% (25.1-30.1) in 1976-1977, 1982-1984, and 1999-2001, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support that the allergy epidemic has spread to older adults resulting in a continuing increase in the overall prevalence of aeroallergen sensitization and an increase in the mean age of allergic patients.     

活性炭纤维在地方性氟中毒方面的应用展望

介绍了活性炭纤维（ＡＣＦｓ）的制造，特性及其应用。它具有优异的结耕与性能特征。含碳量高，比表面积大，微孔丰富，从而吸附力强，而且活性炭纤维还可制成纱、布、毡等形状，它可用于去除燃煤氟中毒区室内空气中氟化氢、二氧化硫、氧化氮、氨等污染物，利用它的高吸附性能还可较好的去除饮水中的氟化物及其他有害物质。活性炭纤维是一种新型高效吸附材料。在氟中毒防治方面有广阔的前途。     

前列腺癌患者外周血中前列腺特异抗原,前列腺特异膜抗原和人腺体激肽释放酶mRNA的表达及临床意义

目的:采用巢式RT-PCR方法,检测前列腺癌合并骨转移的患者外周血中前列腺特异抗原(PSA)、前列腺特异膜抗原(PSMA)和人腺体激肽释放酶mRNA的表达,探讨其临床意义.方法:应用巢式RT-PCR的方法,检测外周血中PSA、PSMA和hK2mRNA表达.结果:巢式PCR能够检测到经淋巴细胞稀释的LNCaP细胞的PSA、PSM和hK2mRNA的灵敏度,稀释浓度分别为10-6、10-6及10-7.检测初发伴骨转移的前列腺癌患者外周血PSA、PSMA和hK2mRNA的阳性率分别为59.45%、51.35%、59.46%,其中三种检测同时阳性的为32.43%;检测接受内分泌治疗后出现骨转移的前列腺癌患者的阳性率分别为57.14%、85.71%、83.33%,其中三种检测同时阳性的为52.48%.局限性前列腺癌患者、健康男性及健康女性的检测结果均为阴性.以β-actin mRNA做为内参照,所有临床标本检测均为阳性.结论:采用巢式RT-PCR检测前列腺癌患者外周血PSMA、hK2和PSA mRNA有助于发现进入循环系统的前列腺癌细胞,提示隐匿性转移的存在.PSMA和hK2较适合用于内分泌治疗后患者的检测.三种指标联合检测有助于提高敏感性.     

The predictive value of specific immunoglobulin E levels for the first diagnosis of cow''s milk allergy. A critical analysis of pediatric literature

Investigators have tried to identify a level of seric specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) that had a sufficient predictive value to diagnose a food allergy without having will resort to the food challenge. To search in literature, all the studies that have estimated the possibility to identify a level of seric specific cow milk IgE with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 95% for the first diagnosis of cow's milk allergy (CMA) in pediatric age. We have identified six studies, nearly all studies suffer from relevant methodological bias. Proposed cut-off are all different. The studied pediatric populations were highly selected. Also neglecting the methodological bias of the studies and the great difference of value between the proposed cut-off, it always remains to consider that the pre-test probability of having a CMA between the children enrolled in the six studies included in this review is particularly high. The likelihood ratio helps to transfer the results of a study on a diagnostic test just to our population, and it is more realistic rather than to entrust itself to the PPV or the negative predictive value, that are much influenced from the prevalence of the disease in the studied population.     

反映肾脏浓缩稀释功能的最佳指标——血、尿渗透量

介绍渗透量的临床应用及其与尿比重的对比     

血清TPS浓度在消化道肿瘤中价值的研究

共选择３０例消化道肿瘤病人，其中食管癌，胃癌，大肠癌各１０例，设健康献血者３０例，对两组血清特异型组织多肽抗原浓度进行了检测，结果肿瘤组血清ＴＰＳ浓度明显高于健康人。消化道肿瘤阳性检出经达７０％，其中食管癌８０％，胃癌６０％，大肠癌７０％。消化道肿瘤合并淋巴转移阳性检出率达７６．９％，其中食管癌１００％，胃癌６６．７％，大肠癌７０．０％。随着病程发展，血清ＴＰＳ浓度呈现升高趋势。     

Rate of PSA rise predicts metastatic versus local recurrence after definitive radiotherapy

: A rising prostate specific antigen (PSA) following treatment for adenocarcinoma of the prostate indicates eventual clinical failure, but the rate of rise can be quite different from patient to patient, as can the pattern of clinical failure. We sought to determine whether the rate of PSA rise could differentiate future local versus metastatistic failure.

: Two thousand six hundred sixty-seven PSA values from 400 patients treated with radiotherapy for localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate were analyzed with respect to PSA patterns and clinical outcome. Patients had received no hormonal therapy or prostate surgey and had ?4 PSA values post-treatment PSA rate of rise, determined by the slope of the natural log, was classified as gradual (< 0.69 log (ng/ml)/year, or doubling time (DT) > 1 year), moderate (0.69-1.4 log (ng/ml)/year, or DT 6 months-1 year), or rapid [>1.4 log (ng/ml)/year, or DT < 6 months].

: SIxty-one percent of patients had non-rising PSA following treatment; 25% of patients with rising PSA developed clinical failure, and 93% of patients with clinical failure had rising PSA. The rate of rise discerned different clinical failure patterns. Local failure occurred in 23% of patients with moderate rate of rise versus 7% with gradual rise (p = 0.0001). Metastatic disease developed in 46% of those with rapid versus 8% with moderate rise (p < 0.0001). By multivariate analysis, in addition to rate of rise, PSA nadir and rate of decline predicted local failure; those with post-treatment nadir of 1–4 ng/ml were five times more likely to experience local failure than nadir < 1 ng/ml (p = 0.0002). Rapid rate of rise was the most significant independent predictor of metastastic failure.

: The rate of PSA rise following definitive radiotherapy can predict clinical failure patterns, with a rapidly rising PSA indicating metastatic recurrence and moderately rising PSA local recurrence. This information could potentially dirent therapy; if the rise predicts metastatic failure hormonal therapy could be cosidereed, while aggressive salvage therapy may benefit subclinical local recurrence identified by a moderate rate of PSA rise.     

高压氧对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注时神经元特异性烯醇化酶的影响

目的研究高压氧(HBO)对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注(IR)时．大鼠脑梗塞体积．脑组织病理改变及神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)含量的影响。方法用线栓法制备阻断大脑中动脉(MCA)的局灶性脑IR模型。Wistar大鼠30只，随机分为5组：正常对照组(N组n=-6)，缺血再灌注2h 常压空气组(Rt组,n=-6)，缺血再灌注24h 常压空气组(R2组，n=-6)，缺血再灌注2h HBO组(H1组，n=-6)，缺血再灌注24h HBO组(H2组，n=-6)。R1、R2、H1、H2组缺血时间均为2h。R1、R2组暴露于常压空气，H1、H2组暴露于2．5MPa氧气。病理切片用HE染色，用Swanson方法测定脑梗塞体积，用酶联免疫法测定NSE含量。结果H1、H2组与R1、R2组相比，神经元缺血性损害较轻，脑梗塞体积缩小，NSE含量明显下降，差异有统计学意义。结论HBO能减轻缺血性脑损害，保护脑组织。     

中枢神经系统白血病血清神经元特异性烯醇酶测定的临床意义

目的 探讨血清神经元特异性烯醇酶与中枢神经系统白血病之间的关系。方法 对确诊的30例急性白血病患者及匹配的正常人的血清神经元特异性烯醇酶进行测定。结果 中枢神经系统白血病组血清神经元特异性烯醇酶含量21．92 7．5μg/L均明显高于白血病组、对照组，差异有显著性。结论 血清神经元特异性烯醇酶可作为反映中枢神经系统白血病病情的生化指标。     

DIURNAL RHYTHM OF SERUM gM-SEMINOPROTEIN IN PATIENTS WITH UNTREATED PROSTATE CANCER: COMPARISON OF THE ORIGINAL AND REVISED ASSAY KITS

To compare levels of y-seminoprotein (gM-Sm) assayed by original and revised assay systems, blood was obtained every 4 h over a 32-h period from 8 untreated prostate cancer patients. Serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) were also examined. In 6 patients, the coefficient of variation (CV) of the serum levels assayed by the revised assay was significantly different from that of the intra-assay samples. In contrast, the CV of the gM-Sm serum levels assayed by the original assay differed significantly from that of the intra-assay samples in only 2 patients. The fluctuations in gM-Sm assayed by the revised assay were, at least in part, similar to those of the PSA serum levels in all patients. The mean CV of the gM-Sm serum levels assayed by the revised assay was significantly larger than that for levels measured by the original assay. After treatment, the rate of decrease in gM-Sm serum levels determined by the original assay differed from that in the serum levels of PSA and prostatic acid phosphatase. These results indicate that the original assay for gM-Sm do not detect diurnal differences in serum gM-Sm levels, even at levels below 20 ng/ml. These observations indicate that the analysis of data obtained using the original gM-Sm kit should be interpreted with caution.