Six-Year Follow-Up of Botulinum Toxin A Intradetrusorial Injections in Patients with Refractory Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity: Clinical and Urodynamic Results

Background

Most reports in the literature on botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) therapy for neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) are based on the results of a single injection. Because most patients may require retreatment, the efficacy and safety of multiple injections must be addressed clearly.

Objective

To investigate the effectiveness and safety of BoNTA intradetrusorial injections in a group of spinal cord–injured (SCI) patients with refractory detrusor overactivity (DO).

Design, setting, and participants

Seventeen SCI patients were prospectively included in the study and followed up to 6 yr.

Intervention

All patients received repeat intradetrusorial injections of BoNTA 300 units (Botox, Allergan, Irvine, CA) under cystoscopic control on an inpatient basis.

Measurements

The preliminary assessment included voiding diary, urodynamics, kidney and bladder ultrasound, and cystourethrography. Patients also completed a standardised quality-of-life (QoL) questionnaire. Clinical evaluation, urodynamics, urinary tract imaging, and QoL assessment were repeated every year throughout the follow-up.

Results and limitations

Before treatment, all patients complained of urinary incontinence and had DO. Bilateral and monolateral renal pelvis dilatation were detected in six and five patients, respectively, and a monolateral and third-grade vesicoureteral reflux was observed in three. At 6-yr follow-up, a significant decrease in the frequency of daily incontinence episodes (p < 0.01), a significant increase in first uninhibited detrusor contraction and in maximum bladder capacity (p < 0.001 for both), and a significant decrease in maximum pressure of these contractions (p < 0.01) were observed. Fifteen patients (88.2%) were completely continent. Renal pelvis dilatation and vesicoureteral reflux resolved in all cases, and the QoL index significantly increased. Limitations of the study are related to the small number of included patients.

Conclusions

In SCI patients with refractory NDO who do not want or are unfit for invasive reconstructive surgery, BoNTA intravesical treatment represents a valid alternative to control DO and urinary incontinence and to preserve upper urinary tract function over a long-term follow-up.     

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation of urinary bladder in patients with spinal cord injuries

Introduction  The treatment of neurogenic dysfunctions of micturition, both surgical and conservative, aims primarily to protect upper urinary tract function. This goal can be achieved by lowering intravesical pressure and increasing urinary bladder capacity in the urine collection phase or by facilitating bladder emptying. Objective  The objective of this paper was to assess the outcome of transcutaneous stimulation of the urinary bladder in the treatment of neurogenic disorders of micturition. Materials and methods  The effect of urinary bladder stimulation was assessed in 22 patients (4 females, 18 males) with spinal injuries (19 with injuries to the lumbo-sacral spine and 3 with cervical spine injuries) treated at the Department of Rehabilitation of the Military Hospital in Bydgoszcz, Poland, in 2006 and 2007. The treatment consisted of 30 procedures of transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the urinary bladder. A pulsed sinusoid current was used with a pulse duration of 200 ms, break duration of 1,000 ms, intensity of 15–20 mA, frequency of 50 Hz, and duration of stimulation of 15 min. A urodynamic study was carried out in each patient at baseline and on completion of the electrical stimulation therapy (immediately and after 2 months). Results  Electrical stimulation of the neurogenic urinary bladder produced increases in the cystometric bladder capacity and reduction in the amount of residual urine (72% of patients), with reduction of intravesical pressure at peak urine flow (59% of the patients). The dynamic aspects of micturition also improved with increased peak voiding velocity in 77.3% of the patients. More than half of the patients (57%) still had elevated intravesical pressures during micturition that posed a risk to the function of the upper urinary tract despite significant decreases following the stimulation therapy. Micturition, which was absent at baseline, was restored in three patients. No local complications were observed. Conclusions  Transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the urinary bladder in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction improves lower urinary tract function. Urodynamic studies executed 2 months after finishing TES show persistent results.     

质子泵抑制剂对伴吞咽障碍脑梗死患者营养状态的影响

目的：探讨质子泵抑制剂（PPI）的预防性使用对伴吞咽障碍的急性期脑梗死患者营养状态的影响。方法：共有155例伴吞咽障碍的脑梗死患者纳入研究,所有患者均予留置鼻饲管及常规的肠内营养,然后随机分配进入PPI组和对照组。PPI组给予泮托拉唑钠针静滴保护胃黏膜,对照组不进行胃黏膜保护治疗。比较2组患者在血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂肌围、胃液pH值、NIHSS评分、急性胃黏膜病变（AGML）、病死率上的差异。结果：2组患者在入院时的血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂肌围、胃液pH值、NIHSS评分上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。入院2周时血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、肱三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂肌围均较入院时下降（P＜0.05）,且PPI组下降更为显著（P＜0.05）。PPI组在入院2周时的NIHSS评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）,AGML的发生率低于对照组（P＜0.05）,但2组在病死率上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：PPI的使用对脑梗死患者的营养状态有不利的影响,其虽不影响患者的病死率,但影响脑梗死患者神经功能的恢复。故对伴吞咽障碍的脑梗死患者进行胃黏膜保护治疗时,需权衡患者营养不良的风险,做到个体化治疗。     

电针结合膀胱康复对脊髓损伤者神经源性膀胱的疗效观察

目的 观察电针结合膀胱康复对脊髓损伤者神经源性膀胱的疗效。方法 选择2018年1～9月我院收治的62例脊髓损伤的神经源性膀胱患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组各31例,两组均给予膀胱功能训练及间歇导尿术,治疗组针刺时间为15:00～17:00的任一时刻,按子午流注法选取每日开穴,并选取膀胱经相关治疗穴位,连接电针进行治疗;对照组针刺时间为8:00～12:00的任一时刻,选取膀胱经相关治疗穴位,常规留针。针刺时间每次30 min,每天1次,治疗30 d后评定疗效。于治疗前后对患者膀胱容量、残余尿量及膀胱功能积分进行比较评定,并参照《实用理疗手册》中的疗效标准评价疗效。结果 治疗30 d后,两组患者的膀胱容量、残余尿量及膀胱功能积分较治疗前均有不同程度的改善(P0.05),治疗组治疗后的改善优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。根据疗效标准评价,治疗组有效率为90.32%,对照组有效率为80.64%(P0.05)。结论 在膀胱功能训练及间歇导尿术的基础上给予特定时段电针法比普通针刺法可更有效地改善脊髓损伤患者的膀胱功能,使患者尽早实现自主排尿,提高生存质量。     

基于辨经论治探析脾经在中风后吞咽障碍的应用

程红亮教授创新性提出“咽为经脉之所聚”,并指出“辨经论治中风后吞咽障碍应根据经脉病候特点辨经取穴”,初步确立了“以项部取穴 + 舌咽部取穴 + 辨经取穴”的治疗思路。谨守“经络气血失调”之病机,以脾经为责,谨遵“巧取经穴、辨证施治”之法,调和气血,谨遵“以原为本,通经理脾”“以络为要,通达脾胃”“以会为主,调经濡咽”“虚实异治,针灸辨施”“实者,针刺以泻之,虚者,针灸以补之”之法,以此提高临床疗效。本文总结了程红亮教授基于辨经论治理论从脾诊疗中风后吞咽障碍的经验。     

K点刺激、多点负压刺激联合吞咽训练治疗重症颅脑损伤吞咽功能障碍的临床观察

目的 观察K点刺激、多点负压刺激联合吞咽训练治疗重症颅脑损伤吞咽功能障碍的临床疗效。方法 选取2019年10月—2021年9月武汉市第一医院收治的92例重症颅脑损伤吞咽功能障碍患者为研究对象,随机分为研究组、对照组,每组46例。对照组采取吞咽训练治疗,研究组在对照组基础上予以K点刺激和多点负压刺激,两组均持续治疗4周后评价效果。对比两组患者治疗前后吞咽功能[洼田饮水试验（WST）、X射线透视功能检查（VFSS）]、临床疗效、表面肌电图（sEMG）变化、吞咽障碍生活质量量表（ED-QOL）评分及营养状况[白蛋白（Alb）、血清总蛋白（TP）]。结果 研究组治疗后WST评分的下降程度大于对照组（P <0.05）,VFSS评分的差值高于对照组（P <0.05）。研究组临床疗效、总有效率优于对照组（P <0.05）。研究组治疗前后sEMG最大波幅值的差值高于对照组（P <0.05）,吞咽时间的下降程度大于对照组（P <0.05）。研究组治疗前后ED-QOL评分的下降程度大于对照组（P <0.05）。研究组治疗前后血清Alb、TP的差值高于对照组（P <...     

儿童胸腔巨大肿瘤临床特点及预后因素分析

目的 探讨儿童胸腔巨大肿瘤临床特点及影响预后的相关因素。方法 回顾性分析上海交通大学附属儿童医院心胸外科2009年1月~2015年6月收治的76例经手术治疗的原发性胸腔巨大肿瘤患者的临床病理资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法行单因素生存分析。结果 本组良性肿瘤35例,以神经节细胞瘤多见（12例）,其次为脉管瘤（9例）,畸胎瘤（8例）;恶性肿瘤41例,以神经母细胞瘤多见（13例）,其次为神经节母细胞瘤（7例）和淋巴瘤（7例）。参与随访的70例胸腔巨大肿瘤患者5年生存率>75%;39例胸腔巨大恶性肿瘤患者5年生存率>50%。Kaplan-Meier法单因素分析显示,患者性别、肿瘤胸腔内原发部位等与神经源性肿瘤预后无相关性（P>0.05）,而患者年龄、肿瘤临床分期、肿瘤病理类型、术后是否化疗则与神经源性肿瘤预后有相关性（P<0.05）。结论 手术切除是胸腔巨大良性肿瘤预后相关因素;胸腔巨大恶性肿瘤复发率、转移率高,预后差,术后结合化疗/放疗可延长患者生存时间;儿童胸腔巨大肿瘤以神经源性肿瘤多见,患者性别、肿瘤胸腔内原发部位等与神经源性肿瘤预后无相关性,而患者年龄、肿瘤临床分期、肿瘤病理类型、是否辅助化疗是神经源性肿瘤预后相关因素。     

Acupuncture Treatment for Post-Stroke Dysphagia: An Update Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective

To explore the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in patients with post-stroke dysphagia by an update meta-analysis.

Methods

Potentially eligible RCTs aimed to evaluate the effects of acupuncture vs. non-acupuncture treatments, such as rehabilitation training or routine medication on the swallowing difficulty after stroke were searched from PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and other database from the earliest record to June 2016. Patient demographics, regimens for acupuncture, type of controls, methods of randomization, and measurements of the clinical symptoms of dysphagia were retrieved. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of effective rate of dysphagia was calculated after intervention performed following admission. Subgroup analyses and a metaregression analysis were performed to describe the heterogeneity.

Results

Twenty-nine RCTs comprising 2,190 patients were included. The included studies had a medium quality grade based on the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) checklist. Acupuncture therapy provided a higher effective rate compared with nonacupuncture treatments [RR=1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25 to 1.43]. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses suggested that acupuncture intensity and measurement method were main sources of heterogeneity and resulted in a significant difference for pooled effect size. No severe adverse events were documented in these RCTs.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis provides a new evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in treatment to post-stroke dysphagia in short-term compared with rehabilitation or medication. More high-quality and large-scale research studies are needed.

     

针刺治疗缺血性中风后吞咽困难的临床观察

目的观察针刺治疗缺血性中风后吞咽困难的临床疗效。方法将60例缺血性中风后吞咽困难的住院患者随机分为对照组与针刺组,对照组30例采用常规治疗与康复训练,针刺组在对照组基础上配合通关开窍、利咽健吞针刺治疗方法。结果经15,30d治疗,吞咽功能比较,2组均有显著性差异,P〈0.05,针刺组优于对照组。结论针刺治疗缺血性中风后吞咽困难有较好的疗效。