不同途径羊膜间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠脑外伤

目的:通过不同途径移植羊膜间充质干细胞治疗脑损伤大鼠,比较脑损伤大鼠行为学的改善,为脑损伤治疗选择有效的移植途径.方法:制作80只Wistar大鼠脑损伤模型,分为对照组与治疗组.对照组为单纯脑损伤大鼠,共20只;治疗组分为尾静脉移植组(A组)、侧脑室移植组(B组)、脑损伤区移植组(C组),每组20只,均给与植入人羊膜间充质干细胞,采用NSS评分法评定治疗效果.结果:脑损伤区移植组大鼠行为学改善与其他各组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);侧脑室移植组分别与尾静脉移植组及对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而尾静脉移植组与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:脑损伤区移植羊膜间充质干细胞是治疗脑损伤大鼠的有效途径.     

Acute and subchronic toxicity of hydroxylammonium nitrate in Wistar rats

Hydroxylammonium nitrate （HAN） is a major constituent in a class of liquid monopropellants and is extensively used in nuclear industry and space propulsion. Previous toxicological studies have focused on oral, inhalation and dermal routes of exposure to HAN-based propellant blends. In this study, acute and subchronic toxicity of HAN in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injections were evaluated. In this acute study, doses of HAN at 115, 125, 135, 147, 160 or 174 mg/kg were administered. No adverse effects were observed during a 14-day period and at gross histopathological examination. In the subchronic study, HAN at 7, 14 or 28 mg/kg were administered for 13 weeks. The treatment with HAN caused significant changes in the weight of spleen, in the level of hematological parameters, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, uric acid and carbondioxidecombining power and histopathological damages of the lung, liver, spleen and kidney. Overall, the study suggests that 13-week HAN treatment caused abnormal hematological changes and tissue lesions, and the risk of toxicity to mammals is not negligible.     

应用改进的大鼠应激模型证实海马CA3区神经元Nestin?NPY表达变化

 【目的】 应用改良的连续?恒定复合型应激大鼠模型,观察其血浆肾素活性(PRA)?血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)水平和海马CA3区的Nestin?NPY表达? 【方法】 将雌性成鼠束缚并倒悬应激6 h/d,用放射免疫法测定急性应激(3 d)后血浆PRA?AngⅡ水平,用免疫组织化学方法观察应激3 d?21 d后CA3区锥体层细胞的Nestin?NPY表达变化? 【结果】 ①急性应激组血浆PRA和AngⅡ水平比正常对照组显著降低(P<0.01),尤以PRA水平的变化更明显?②急?慢性应激组海马CA3区的Nestin?NPY免疫阳性反应产物总面积(SA)和体视学光密度(IOD)值均较对照组低(P<0.01),急性组的组织损害比慢性组更严重?【结论】 本研究成功地构建了具有科学理论依据和实用价值的复合性应激大鼠模型,并利用此模型证实应激早期大鼠血浆PRA和AngⅡ水平有降低;观察急?慢性应激大鼠海马CA3区NPY和Nestin表达变化及其变化规律,结果提示NPY及其水解产物在应激所致海马神经元细胞骨架损害和谷氨酸释放过程中可能产生一定的影响?     

Effects of alcohol and saccharin deprivations on concurrent ethanol and saccharin operant self-administration by alcohol-preferring (P) rats

Consumption of sweet solutions has been associated with a reduction in withdrawal symptoms and alcohol craving in humans. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of ethanol and saccharin (SACC) deprivations on operant oral self-administration. Alcohol-preferring (P) rats were allowed to lever press concurrently self-administer ethanol (15% vol/vol) and SACC (0.0125% g/vol) for 8 weeks. Rats were then maintained on daily operant access (nondeprived), deprived of both fluids (2 weeks), deprived of SACC and given 2 ml of ethanol daily, or deprived of ethanol and given 2 ml of SACC daily. All groups were then given 2 weeks of daily operant access to ethanol and SACC, followed by an identical second deprivation period. P rats responded more for ethanol than SACC. All deprived groups increased responding on the ethanol lever, but not on the SACC lever. Daily consumption of 2 ml ethanol decreased the duration of the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE). Home cage access to 2 ml of SACC also decreased the ADE but to a lesser extent than access to ethanol. A second deprivation period further increased and prolonged the expression of an ADE. These results show ethanol is a more salient reinforcer than SACC. With concurrent access to ethanol and SACC, P rats do not display a saccharin deprivation effect. Depriving P rats of both ethanol and SACC had the most pronounced effect on the magnitude and duration of the ADE, suggesting that there may be some interactions between ethanol and SACC in their CNS reinforcing effects.     

竹叶提取物大鼠代谢试验研究

目的:研究竹叶提取物在SD大鼠体内的生物转运,为其应用提供安全性毒理学评价依据。方法:选用为4.0 g/kg体重剂量进行代谢试验研究。结果:竹叶提取物灌胃后各个时相血浆、肝脏、肾脏、脑、肌肉组织及尿液中4种碳苷黄酮原形物均无检出;灌胃给予竹叶提取物,只有在12~24 h时段从粪便中检出的原形物占摄入量的27.6%。竹叶提取物中一种羟基香豆素类化合物灌胃后各个时相在大鼠肝脏、脑、肌肉组织及粪便中均无检出,在血液及肾脏中有检出,24 h后该组分在在尿液中检出1.9%。结论:4种碳苷黄酮在大鼠胃肠道内均无直接吸收,其中一部分被直接排出体外,另一部分在胃肠道逐渐分解成小分子而被吸收入血液。其中的一种羟基香豆素类化合物主要经胃肠道直接吸收入血液,在肾脏中代谢后从尿液排出体外。     

Amniotic fluid Interleukin-8 as a marker for intraamniotic infection

Summary We measured the amniotic fluid Interleukin-8 (AF IL-8) levels of 80 women to see whether or not AF IL-8 levels were of value in the diagnosis of intraamniotic infection. Of twelve patients developing conventional signs of infection, 9 had an AF IL-8 concentration above 10.000 pg/ml serum. In two patients, whose baby had a serious neonatal infection, AF IL-8 concentration also exceeded 10.000 pg/ml. Only one out of 66 apparently uninfected patients had an AF IL-8 level above 10.000 pg/ml. We therefore suggest that measuring the AF IL-8 levels is of value in cases of suspected intraamniotic infection.     

Correlation between Medium-term Multi-organ Carcinogenesis Bioassay Data and Long-term Observation Results in Rats

The effects of four test chemicals [2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), D, L-ethionine (ethionine), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and catechol] were compared in medium- and long-term in vivo systems. In the medium-term assay, animals were sequentially treated with N-diethylnitrosamine (100 mg/kg body weight, i.p., single injection), N-methylnitrosourea (20 mg/kg body weight, i.p., 4 times during weeks 1 and 2), N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (0.05% in the drinking water during weeks 1 and 2), 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (40 mg/kg body weight, s.c., 4 times during weeks 3 and 4) and dihydroxy-di-N-propylnitrosamine (0.1% in the drinking water during weeks 3 and 4) for multi-organ initiation, and then treated with one of the four test chemicals for 24 weeks, and killed at week 28 (group 1). In the long-term assay, animals were treated in the same manner and then given hasal diet and tap water (group 3) or test chemical continuously (group 4) for the remainder of the lifespan. Animals receiving multi-organ initiation and then maintained on hasal diet for 24 weeks (group 2) or their lifespan (group 5) served as controls. Detailed histopathological examinations were performed on all rats. Hepatocellular carcinoma incidences in the long-term assay were found to reflect closely the respective medium-term results. Induction of proliferative forestomach or glandular stomach lesions by BHA and/or catechol, and bladder lesions by 2-AAF and BHA in the mediumterm assay also correlated with tumor development in the long-term. Furthermore, inhibition of thyroid proliferative lesions by all test chemicals corresponded with low thyroid tumor incidences in the long-term assay. The observed strong correlation between medium- and long-term results confirms the applicability of our medium-term multi-organ carcinogenesis bioassay system for detection of modifying effects of test chemicals in different organs.     

Duodenal duplication with bile duct obstruction and keratinaceous casts

We report an unusual case of duodenal duplication presenting in a newborn with duodenal and bile duct obstruction. The duplication and biliary tract were filled with keratinaceous casts. To our knowledge, such an association has not been previously reported; this case demonstrates the importance of confirming bile duct patency during operations to remove duodenal duplications.     

Clinical features and diagnostic approach in type I tyrosinaemia in an infant with cytomegaly virus infection and bacterial sepsis

A severely ill 2-month-old female infant was admitted with meningitis and septicaemia caused byStreptococcus pneumoniae. The patient, who also had an acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, revealed the typical clinical and biochemical characteristics of type I tyrosinaemia (TIT). Clinical evidence of severe hepatocellular damage was shown, but urinary succinylacetone was not detected. The diagnosis of TIT was finally confirmed by decreased activity of fumarylacetoacetase (FAA) in skin fibroblasts from the patient and both parents. Following dietary treatment and after overcoming the bacterial and viral infection, the patient's liver function improved.     

Outbreak of neonatal septicemia with multidrug resistantKlebsiella Pneumoniae

A nosocomial outbreak of neonatal septicemia due toK. pneumoniae occurred in nursery during June–July, 1991.Klebsiella pneumoniae (Klebocin type 314) was recovered from blood of 33(70.2%) of 47 neonates with septicemia. Multiple drug resistance was observed in all the cases. The same strain ofK. pneumoniae was recovered from the neonates and environment of nursery and labour room as well. The outbreak was attributable to environmental dissemination.