护理干预对心内科住院患者睡眠质量的临床效果观察

目的 探讨护理干预对心内科住院患者睡眠质量的临床效果.方法 收集心内科住院高血压患者90例,随机分为治疗组和对照组各45例,采用国际通用的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数及调查表进行评分及调查.结果 护理干预后,治疗组在主观睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、睡眠药物运用、日间功能障碍各项均优于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗组的收缩压与舒张压均优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 医护人员对高血压患者进行常规药物治疗时,应注重改善患者睡眠质量,积极干预影响睡眠的危险因素.     

Cyclic mechanical pressure‐loading alters epithelial homeostasis in a three‐dimensional in vitro oral mucosa model: clinical implications for denture‐wearers

Denture‐wearing affects the quality and quantity of epithelial cells in the underlying healthy oral mucosa. The physiologic mechanisms, however, are poorly understood. This study aimed to compare histologic changes and cellular responses of an epithelial cell layer to cyclic mechanical pressure‐loading mimicking denture‐wearing using an organotypic culture system to develop a three‐dimensional in vitro oral mucosa model (3DOMM). Primary human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts were serially grown in a monolayer culture, and cell viability was measured under continuous cyclic mechanical pressure (50 kPa) for 7 days (cycles of 60 min on, 20 s off to degas and inject air). Upon initiation of an air–liquid interface culture for epithelial stratification, the cyclic pressure, set to the mode above mentioned, was applied to the 3DOMMs for 7 days. Paraffin‐embedded 3DOMMs were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. In the monolayer culture, the pressure did not affect the viability of oral keratinocytes or fibroblasts. Few histologic changes were observed in the epithelial layer of the control and pressure‐loaded 3DOMMs. Immunohistochemical examination, however, revealed a significant decrease in Ki‐67 labelling and an increase in filaggrin and involucrin expression in the suprabasal layer of the pressure‐loaded 3DOMMs. Pressure‐loading attenuated integrin β1 expression and increased matrix metalloproteinase‐9 activity. Incomplete deposition of laminin and type IV collagen beneath the basal cells was observed only in the pressure‐loaded 3DOMM. Cyclic pressure‐loading appeared to disrupt multiple functions of the basal cells in the 3DOMM, resulting in a predisposition towards terminal differentiation. Thus, denture‐wearing could compromise oral epithelial homeostasis.     

Association between tongue and lip functions and masticatory performance in young dentate adults

Motor functions of masticatory organs such as the tongue, lips, cheeks and mandible are known to deteriorate with age, thereby influencing masticatory performance. However, there are few reports on the relationships between tongue and lip functions and masticatory performance. To investigate the relationship between tongue and lip functions and comprehensive masticatory performance, by evaluating crushing, mixing and shearing abilities in young dentate adults. Participants comprised 51 dentate adults with a mean age of 25 years. Maximum tongue pressure and oral diadochokinesis were measured to evaluate tongue and lip functions. A multiple sieving method using peanuts was performed to evaluate crushing ability. A colour‐changeable chewing gum was performed to evaluate mixing ability. A test gummy jelly was performed to evaluate shearing ability. The relationship between tongue and lip functions and each masticatory performance was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients. In addition, stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of crushing ability. Crushing ability was significantly correlated with maximum tongue pressure and the number of repetitions of the syllables /pa/, /ta/ and /ka/. Maximum tongue pressure and number of repetitions of the syllable /pa/ were identified as significant predictors for crushing ability. Mixing ability was significantly correlated with the number of repetitions of the syllable /pa/. Shearing ability was not significantly correlated with tongue and lip functions. Masticatory performance during the chewing of brittle foods such as peanuts and solid foods such as chewing gum appears to be correlated with tongue and lip functions.     

Aggressive systolic blood pressure control in older subjects: benefits and risks

Systolic hypertension, especially isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is very common in older subjects aged ≥ 65 years and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), strokes, heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is also, directly and linearly related with these complications irrespective of sex, or ethnicity, but it is worse with the advancement of age. Effective control of systolic blood pressure (SBP), is associated with significant reduction in the incidence of these complications. Currently, there is a debate about the optimal SBP control in view of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) showing beneficial cardiovascular (CV) effects of intensive SBP of < 120 mmHg in older patients. Also, the recently released blood pressure (BP) guidelines by the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association and the American Society of Hypertension (ACC/AHA/ASH) recommend a SBP reduction of < 130 mmHg. These SBP treatment recommendations are in contrast with the current (JNC VIII) committee of BP treatment guidelines, which recommend a SBP reduction < 150 mmHg for the same age of patients. All these different recommendations have created a debate regarding the optimal treatment targets for the systolic hypertension of the elderly patients. To gain more information a focused Medline search was conducted from 2010 to 2017 using the terms, systolic blood pressure, aggressive control, older subjects, treatment guidelines, and 37 pertinent papers were retrieved. The findings from these studies suggest a SBP reduction of < 140 mm Hg for persons aged ≥ 60 years, with an attempt for SBP reduction to ≤130 mm Hg in healthier subjects and hose with CVD, DM, and CKD. Care should be taken not to further reduce the SBP in older subjects if their DBP is ≤60 mmHg for the fear of J-curve effect.     

肺泡表面活性物质联合鼻塞式持续气道正压通气治疗早产儿肺透明膜病的应用研究

目的 分析早产儿肺透明膜病经肺泡表面活性物质联合鼻塞式持续气道正压通气治疗的效果。方法 选取黄山市人民医院2014年11月-2017年11月收治的肺透明膜病早产儿50例,依据不同治疗方法分为两组,24例施予鼻塞式持续气道正压通气治疗者为对照组,26例予以肺泡表面活性物质联合鼻塞式持续气道正压通气治疗者为试验组,比较两组血气分析指标、呼吸力学与并发症发生情况。结果 治疗后,试验组血氧饱和度(SpO₂)、血氧分压(PaO₂)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO₂)、氢离子浓度指数(pH)优于对照组,且试验组呼吸时间常数(RCexp)、呼气峰流量(PEF)均较对照组高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);试验组并发症发生率为低于对照组(7.69% vs. 28.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 通过肺泡表面活性物质联合鼻塞式持续气道正压通气治疗早产儿肺透明病,可有效改善其血气分析指标,并提升RCexp、PEF,达到减少并发症、改善预后的效果,值得推广。