A single session of hatha yoga improves stress reactivity and recovery after an acute psychological stress task—A counterbalanced,randomized-crossover trial in healthy individuals

ObjectivesYoga is promoted as an anti-stress activity, however, little is known about the mechanisms through which it acts. The present study investigated the acute effects of a hatha yoga session, displayed on a video, on the response to and recovery from an acute psychological stressor.MethodsTwenty-four healthy young adults took part in a counterbalanced, randomized-crossover trial, with a yoga and a control condition (watching TV). Participants attended the laboratory in the afternoon on two days and each session comprised a baseline, control or yoga task, stress task and recovery. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and salivary cortisol responses were measured. State cognitive- and somatic-anxiety along with self-confidence were assessed before and after the stressor.ResultsAlthough no difference in the BP or HR responses to stress were found between conditions, systolic BP (p = 0.047) and diastolic BP (p = 0.018) recovery from stress were significantly accelerated and salivary cortisol reactivity was significantly lower (p = 0.01) in the yoga condition. A yoga session also increased self-confidence (p = 0.006) in preparation for the task and after completion. Moreover, self-confidence reported after the stress task was considered debilitative towards performance in the control condition, but remained facilitative in the yoga condition.ConclusionOur results show that a single video-instructed session of hatha yoga was able to improve stress reactivity and recovery from an acute stress task in healthy individuals. These positive preliminary findings encourage further investigation in at-risk populations in which the magnitude of effects may be greater, and support the use of yoga for stress reactivity and recovery.     

微创肺表面活性物质及无创持续性气道压力在低体重早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征治疗中的应用

目的探讨微创肺表面活性物质(LISA)及无创持续性气道压力(ncpap)在低体重早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)治疗中的应用效果。方法回顾性选取2019年1月至2020年12月中山市博爱医院新生儿科收治的50例NRDS低体重早产儿为研究对象,根据治疗方案分为研究组(ncpap+LISA,n=22)和对照组(ncpap,n=28)。比较两组疗效、无创通气时间、住院时间、并发症发生率、治疗前、治疗1 d的血气分析等指标。结果研究组治疗总有效率高于对照组(95.45%vs.67.86%),而无创通气时间[(3.52±1.12)d vs.(4.36±1.39)d]、住院时间[(17.21±2.65)d vs.(19.87±3.43)d]则低于对照组(P0.05)。两组的并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与同组治疗前比较,两组治疗1 d的血氧分压(PaO_2)、pH值均升高,而同期氧合指数(OI)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)均降低(P0.05)。研究组治疗1 d的PaO_2、pH值均高于对照组,而同期OI、PaCO_2则均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论 LISA及ncpap联合应用于低体重早产儿NRDS治疗中可改善疗效和缺氧状况,缩短无创通气时间并促进患儿康复,且安全可靠。     

A survey of protective cushion usage in individuals with spinal cord injury while traveling in a motor vehicle and on a commercial airliner

Abstract

Objective

While there are specific recommendations for pressure relieving cushions when seated in a wheelchair, there is a paucity of information regarding prescribed wheelchair cushions for persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) when traveling and not in their wheelchair seat. A questionnaire was designed to ascertain if individuals with SCI who are primarily wheelchair users utilize a prescribed wheelchair cushion when traveling in a motor vehicle (MV) or on a commercial airliner, as not utilizing one may be a causative factor in developing pressure ulcers.

Design and setting

Survey design in an outpatient SCI rehabilitation setting.

Participants

Full-time wheelchair users, with chronic (>1 year) SCI.

Results

Forty-two participants completed the survey, with a mean age of 39 years old and time post-injury of 10.4 years. All subjects used a prescribed wheelchair cushion when seated in their wheelchair. Twenty-seven subjects reported transferring to a MV seat (59.5% of sample), with 25 (92.6%) reporting not using a prescribed wheelchair cushion when sitting directly on the MV seat. For subjects who traveled on an airplane (n = 23–54.8%), 19 (82.6%) reported that they do not sit on a prescribed specialty cushion.

Conclusion

Persons with chronic SCI, who are primary wheelchair users, utilize prescribed wheelchair cushions when sitting in their wheelchair, but most do not utilize a prescribed wheelchair cushion when seated in a MV (if they transfer out of their chair) or on a airplane seat. Studies to determine the pressures over the bony prominences on their travel surfaces may need to be undertaken to see whether the pressures are appropriate, as they may be a source of skin breakdown.     

Concurrent validity and reliability of wireless instrumented insoles measuring postural balance and temporal gait parameters

BackgroundThe OpenGo seems promising to take gait analysis out of laboratory settings due to its capability of long-term measurements and mobility. However, the OpenGo’s concurrent validity and reliability need to be assessed to determine if the instrument is suitable for validation in patient samples.MethodsTwenty healthy volunteers participated. Center of pressure data were collected under eyes open and closed conditions with participants performing unilateral stance trials on the gold standard (AMTI OR6-7 force plate) while wearing the OpenGo. Temporal gait data (stance time, gait cycle time, and cadence) were collected at a self-selected comfortable walking speed with participants performing test-retest trials on an instrumented treadmill while wearing the OpenGo. Validity was assessed using Bland-Altman plots. Reliability was assessed with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (2,1) and smallest detectable changes were calculated.FindingsNegative means of differences were found in all measured parameters, illustrating lower scores for the OpenGo on average. The OpenGo showed negative upper limits of agreement in center of pressure parameters on the mediolateral axis. Temporal reliability ICCs ranged from 0.90–0.93. Smallest detectable changes for both stance times were 0.04 (left) and 0.05 (right) seconds, for gait cycle time 0.08 s, and for cadence 4.5 steps per minute.InterpretationThe OpenGo is valid and reliable for the measurement of temporal gait parameters during walking. Measurements of center of pressure parameters during unilateral stance are not considered valid. The OpenGo seems a promising instrument for clinically screening and monitoring temporal gait parameters in patients, however validation in patient populations is needed.     

Pyoderma gangrenosum: A case report of bilateral dorsal hand lesions and literature review of management

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a great masquerader in wound diagnosis and management. Frequently misdiagnosed as a necrotizing infection, the elusive nature of its etiology and pathogenesis has thwarted the establishment of a standardized management algorithm, leaving immunosuppressant therapies as the mainstay of treatment. The present report describes a 61-year-old woman presenting with temporally discrete bilateral dorsal hand lesions successfully managed with distinctive multimodality therapies. The initial lesion was managed under the auspices of a necrotizing process using a combination of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and skin grafting with a negative-pressure dressing, both individually demonstrated to be effective for prompt wound stabilization and coverage. A subsequent contralateral hand lesion was similarly managed as a necrotizing infection before a diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum was considered. Stabilization and eventual resolution was achieved using intravenous and topical steroids followed by hyperbaric oxygen therapy, again highlighting the benefits of multimodality therapy in the setting of pyoderma gangrenosum.     

人工气道吸痰方法的研究进展

<正>人工气道是将导管直接置入气管或经鼻(口腔)插入气管所建立的呼吸通道,主要用以清除呼吸道分泌物,改善通气功能,从而纠正患者的缺氧症状。但在建立人工气道的同时,也破坏了患者的上呼吸道非特异性防御屏障,失去对吸入空气的加热和加湿,以及对灰尘和微生物的过滤功能,从而导致气道分泌物粘稠,呼吸道纤毛运动能力下降,分泌物排出减慢等,造成细菌的繁殖引起肺部感染[1]。而感染又会加重分泌物的产生,增加痰液的粘稠度,导致气