老年住院病人的需求:护士与病人的观点比较

对２０６名内科老年住院病人及１０４名护士就老年住院病人的需求及可能的影响因素进行了调查分析和比较。结果表明，老年住院病人的需求是多维的、有顺位及个体差异性；护士对老年住院病人需求的认识有整体观，但对病人有关信息需求的认识明显不足。     

What does the literature suggest about what carers need from mental health services for their own wellbeing? A Systematic Review

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine prior studies relating to carers’ needs from mental health services for their own wellbeing.

广州市疾病预防控制人员应急风险沟通需求调查

目的了解疾病预防控制机构人员关于应急风险沟通需求状况,为开展应急风险沟通培训做准备。方法采用整群抽样方法,经过培训的调查员对参与过公共卫生事件处置的CDC人员讲解填写要求,被调查者自填同卷。调查表经过查阅文献、预调查、召开专家咨询会后确定。结果共调查市、区疾病预防控制中心人员305人,72．8％从未接受过应急风险沟通方面的培训。86．6％的CDC人员认为有必要指定自己的新闻联系人,89．2％认为需要对专家就与媒体沟通事宜进行培训。80％以上的被调查人员认为在公共卫生事件发生前,需要制定传播和媒体应对计划;在公共卫生事件发生后需要尽可能回答公众的问题,及时监控各种信息并对已传播的信息进行持续评估。公共卫生事件结束后,75．1％认为CDC仍然需要把后续的信息通过各种渠道传递到“受众目标”中。在公共卫生事件调查中,与公众沟通不良,将导致疫情控制延迟,导致经济社会动荡,同意此说法的占50．2％。70．2％的被调查人员目前的需求为希望得到如何与媒体打交道、沟通知识及沟通技巧的培训。结论应急风险沟通对于疾病预防控制专业人员是一个新领域,疾控专业人员有认识和掌握应急风险沟通知识的需求和愿望。     

广东省市县级疾控中心专业人员培训需求分析

目的：了解广东省市、县级疾控中心（CDC）专业人员的培训需求,为科学制定培训规划和计划提供依据。方法：采用分层整群随机抽样方法,在全省抽取7个市和24个县级CDC的全体专业人员进行调查,用SPSS进行统计分析。结果：完成调查共30个CDC,1780人,939％的专业人员认为自己需要培训,主要原因包括岗位工1乍需要、个人能力发展和开阔眼界;主要影响因素是不知道培训信息、工作离不开和培训花费过多。一年中最合适培训旧份为10月份,每次外出培训最适合天数为≤7天,每年外出培训最适合次数为≤3次,每年外出培训最适合总天数为≤15天。较适合的培训形式是培训班、专题讲座和参观考察;较适合的教学方法是理论授课、实践操作和案例分析。对现场调查处理能力、专业技术方案制定和疫情分析评估预测等技能,对传染病预防控制、流行病学和新发传染病预防控制等专业培训内容需求较高。结论：市县级CDC专业人员的培训需求十分强烈。合理安排培训时间和培训内容,采取多种适宜培训形式和教学方法,建立完善以需求为导向的培训模式是疾控系统加强人才培训、提高培训效果的必然要求。     

Reliability of the Camberwell assessment of need (Chinese version) for patients with schizophrenia at a daycare center of Taiwan

Background Despite its wide use in different cultures and languages, there has been no report about the Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN) in Chinese patients. Method Forty-one Chinese chronic schizophrenic patients were interviewed to test the interrater reliability and test–retest reliability of the Chinese version of CAN. Results The interrater reliability ranged from 0.82 to 0.98 when computed by intraclass correlations (ICC) for the numbers of needs and from 0.65 to 1.00 by Cohen's κ coefficients for individual domain. The test–retest reliability was moderate to good for the numbers of needs (ICC=0.64–0.81), but varied when counted by Cohen's κ coefficients for individual domain. Conclusion Although limited by the homogeneity and small sample size of the study group, this is the first trial of the CAN in Chinese culture. The satisfactory reliability and easy application make this instrument suitable for clinical use in Chinese culture.     

Perceiving Need for Drug Treatment: A Look at Eight Hypotheses

Data from the Drug Use Forecasting Program, sponsored by the National Institute of Justice, were used to examine eight hypotheses predicting the perceived need for drug treatment among drug-using arrestees. The findings support five of the eight hypotheses, including those related to drug severity, drug type, prior treatment experience, ethnicity, and the fear of AIDS. There was no support for the gender-related help-seeking or the social isolation hypotheses, and the findings contradict the maturing out hypothesis. The policy implications of our findings are discussed.     

Women’s Wishes and Need for Knowledge Concerning Sexuality and Relationships in Connection with Gynecological Cancer Disease

The purpose of this study was to investigate women’s wishes and need for knowledge concerning sexuality and relationships in connection with gynecological cancer. A total of 11 women were interviewed following the completion of their treatment for gynecological cancer. The data was analyzed using latent content analysis. Two main categories were identified: “The absence of knowledge about the body” and “Conversation with sexual relevance.” The women wished with their partners present, to be given more in-depth knowledge about their situation given by competent staff who are sensitive to what knowledge is required. Thus, it is important that nurses, who care for women with gynecological cancer, meet each woman’s individual needs for knowledge about the effects on her sexuality due to her disease and treatment.     

住院患者健康教育需求调查

目的了解住院患者对健康教育的需求。方法采用自行设计的问卷对143名住院患者实行不记名填写的方式进行调查。结果97．2％的患者认为需要进行健康教育；户口所在地和文化程度这两个因素影响是否需要健康教育并决定着健康教育内容需求的差别；对健康教育内容选择的因子分析结果可知，住院患者最关心的是疾病的治疗和出院后疾病预防等方面的指导；住院期间最受欢迎的健康教育方式是面对面的交流（94．4％），出院后最受欢迎的健康教育方式是书信电话咨询（86．7％）。结论住院患者对健康教育有普遍需求，医护人员应根据患者的具体情况和需求有针对性的开展健康教育，并努力提高自身健康教育的水平。     

北京、河北、吉林、贵州571名居民铁强化酱油需求调查

目的了解乙二胺四乙酸铁钠（NaFeEDTA）强化酱油在我国不同地区的可接受性和需求，以及人们对铁元素营养知识和铁缺乏的认识情况。方法采用自行设计的结构问卷在北京、河北、吉林、贵州4省市进行了571位居民的问卷调查，调查采用调查员指导下自填和由调查员访谈的形式进行。结果4个地区的居民对铁强化酱油了解均较少，知识总平均得分6．4（总分11，北京6．9、河北7．6、吉林6．4、贵州4．9）。居民对铁强化酱油报以犹豫怀疑的购买倾向，4个地区购买意向总平均分15．4（分值范围6～29，得分越低购买意向越强，北京16．6、河北15．1、吉林15．5、贵州14．5）。在铁缺乏认知、铁强化酱油接受程度、市场需求等方面存在显著的地区差异，北京最高，贵州最低。知识水平、消费观念、收入水平影响着铁强化酱油的推广。结论应该结合不同地区的实际情况因地制宜地开展铁强化酱油宣传推广和干预。