未婚女性青少年生殖健康治疗服务需求的调查研究

目的:了解未婚女性青少年生殖健康治疗服务的需求现状,为改善健康服务提供科学依据。方法:利用北京大学人口研究所中国青少年生殖健康可及性政策发展研究项目"2009年中国青少年生殖健康全国抽样调查"数据,选取其中关于青少年生殖健康服务需求相关的数据进行卡方检验和logistic分析。结果:共回收未婚女性青少年有效问卷10970份;在最近12个月中,女性青少年的治疗需求率为35.5。回归分析显示,青少年年龄越大、个人可支配收入越高,其生殖健康服务的需求越高;有宗教信仰、初中及以下文化水平的青少年需求较高;农村地区青少年的需求高于城镇青少年;中部地区和西部地区需求高于东部地区。结论:未婚女性青少年的生殖健康服务需求率较高,不同特征者需求不同。应为青少年提供多层次多角度的生殖健康服务保障,重点关注低文化水平、农村和西部地区青少年的服务需求;引导高收入、有性行为的青少年降低高风险行为,促进其生殖健康。     

福建省福州市3家医院冠心病出院患者学习需求及影响因素研究

目的评估冠心病出院患者学习需求,并分析学习需求的影响因素,为开展健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用方便抽样方法对150例冠心病出院患者开展调查,应用患者一般情况调查表调查其一般情况、临床特征;应用患者学习需求量表(PLNS)评估其学习需求。结果有效样本149例,被调查者学习需求标准化得分,总分最低2分,最高4.8分,平均为3.61±0.55分。需求程度前3位的是症状及并发症(3.79±0.59分)、用药(3.78±0.59分)以及日常活动与治疗(3.70±0.65分)。患者文化程度、医疗费用支付形式、住院次数、用药情况、治疗方式、临床类型是冠心病患者学习需求的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论冠心病患者普遍有较高程度的学习需求,应对冠心病患者进行全面科学的健康教育,以满足患者的需要。     

辅助生殖技术助孕患者健康信息需求及干预的研究进展

辅助生殖技术助孕患者信息需求主要包括疾病就诊、治疗指导、治疗进展、躯体适应、医护支持、社会心理6个方面。该文对辅助生殖技术助孕患者治疗阶段的信息需求进行总结,综述以专科护士为支持主体的健康教育,以患者、同伴为主体的信息支持以及交互式健康信息交流模式的应用情况,以期为今后构建多元化辅助生殖技术助孕患者信息支持模式提供参考。     

重视癌症患者支持性照顾需求提高患者生存质量

目的调查癌症患者支持性照顾需求及未满足情况,提出相应建议措施,为提高肿瘤患者服务质量提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法选取研究患者,用癌症患者支持性照顾需求问卷开展横断面调查,运用Epidata软件录入数据,运用SPSS 24.0软件进行统计分析。结果患者支持性照顾需求得分由高到低依次是心理需求、健康信息需求、照顾支持需求、生理需求、性需求;支持性照顾需求未满足率由高到低依次是心理需求（63.28%）、生理需求是（60.88%）、性需求（56.80%）、健康信息需求（45.66%）、照顾与支持需求（44.22%     

Cancer rehabilitation: experience, symptoms, and needs

The aim of this study was to examine the experience of cancer patients undergoing rehabilitation, to identify symptoms associated with rehabilitation from cancer, and to assess the need for rehabilitation services for cancer patients. Cancer patients (n = 402) at the Asan Medical Center (Seoul, Korea) were enrolled from June to September 2008. A chart review was used to collect demographic and clinical data, including type of cancer, current treatment, time from initial diagnosis to screening, and cancer stage. Each participant provided informed consent and was then given a questionnaire that asked about experience with rehabilitation, symptoms associated with rehabilitation, and the need for different types of rehabilitation services. Clinicians recommended rehabilitation for 8.5% of patients, and 6.7% underwent rehabilitation. Among study patients, 83.8% had one or more symptoms associated with rehabilitation, and 71.6% of patients with symptoms wanted rehabilitation management. The need for rehabilitation was associated with the presence of metastasis, advanced cancer stage, time to diagnosis, and type of current treatment. Our results provide specific information about particular functional symptoms and the rehabilitative needs of subgroups of cancer patients. It is suggested to develop and implement rehabilitation programs for cancer patients.     

Motivating children with developmental coordination disorder in school physical education: the self-determination theory approach

The purpose of the current article is to highlight the potential of self-determination theory (SDT) to inform the teaching practices of physical education (PE) teachers. Such practices may enhance motivational levels for participation in physical activity (PA) for children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). First, we review the research in PE demonstrating links between teachers’ interpersonal style, teaching methods, and outcomes relating to both students’ motivation and motor skill improvement. Second, we outline the SDT mechanism through which the practices employed by PE teachers to support students’ psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness may effect positive changes in the motivation and the physical activity behaviour of children with DCD. Third, we present an overview of findings on the effectiveness of need-supporting practices used by PE teachers. Fourth, we provide directions for future motivational research using the SDT principles in school physical education for children with DCD.     

上海市金山区居民甲型H1N1流感知识知晓率调查

目的了解金山区重点人员对甲型H1N1流行性感冒（下称甲型H1N1流感）知识知晓情况,为下一阶段制定健康教育策略提供参考资料。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,抽取区内4所重点单位,对200名人员进行面对面问卷调查。结果96．O％的被调查者能够全部或部分正确回答甲型H1N1流感的感染途径;能够全部或部分正确回答甲型H1N1流感症状的占88．50％;对于避免接触相关病人和避免前往人群拥挤场所的预防措施知晓率也较高,分别为92．0％和89．5％;主要知识来源和需求均以广播电视、报纸杂志和网络等大众传媒为主;90．0％的被调查对象对本市防控疫情有信心或非常有信心。结论居民对目前甲型H1N1流感的认知达到了一定水平,但也存在不全面之处,说明前期大量的健康教育工作发挥了成效,下一阶段应通过大众传媒与专业健康教育相结合的方式,确定重点,分类指导,进一步加强健康教育工作。     

未婚女性青少年流动人口生殖健康知识及需求调查

目的:了解未婚女性青少年流动人口的生殖健康知识、影响因素及生殖健康需求。方法:采用单纯随机抽样和非随机抽样相结合的方法,对青岛市3个区3个工厂的137名未婚女性青少年流动工人进行自填式问卷调查。结果:调查对象平均年龄为20.23岁。生殖健康知识分为五类,总评分为100.00分。女性青少年流动人口的总知识得分的中位数为24.50分。各项知识得分换算为百分制,其中避孕知识的得分为0.00分,怀孕与人工流产知识为10.00分,生殖道感染与艾滋病知识为41.67分,性健康知识为37.50分,妇科疾病知识为50.00分。五类知识得分差异具有统计学意义(χ2=221.642,P=0.000)。影响总知识得分的因素有年龄(OR=1.705)、月收入(OR=2.784)和文化程度(OR=2.677)。调查对象中36.50%有妇科疾病症状,有54.01%的人有月经异常。有妇科疾病症状者中仅有10.00%的人曾去看病,未看病的原因:42.22%的人认为"每个妇女都会有这些症状,没有什么关系",24.44%的人认为"我没有症状"。73.72%、90.51%、85.40%、76.64%的调查对象不知道计生服务中心发放宣教资料、发放避孕药具、诊断妇科疾病和开展健康教育服务。结论:未婚女性青少年流动人口的生殖健康知识水平较低,尤其是避孕知识。影响知识水平的因素有年龄、收入及文化水平。她们在妇科疾病、月经问题上有较大的需求,但缺乏主动求医意识且对目前计划生育服务中心的服务内容不了解。     

The moderating effect of the need to belong and classroom composition on belongingness seeking of minority adolescents

This study aimed to elucidate whether the interaction of classroom composition and the need to belong influences belongingness seeking and, if so, to investigate how upward comparison mediates the effects. The analyses were conducted with a cross-sectional sample of 383 Taiwanese aboriginal adolescents (39.7% male) recruited from schools with mixed-sex/ethnicity (n = 113), single-sex (n = 122), and minority-only (n = 148) classrooms. After controlling for socioeconomic status, the moderation analyses indicated that participants with a chronic need to belong in classes with diversity (mixed sex/ethnicity) perceived higher social acceptance, while those with a chronic need to belong in homogeneous classes (single-sex and minority-only) reported greater feelings of rejection. Upward comparison for differentiation was found to influence the indirect effects of the need to belong on feelings of rejection and depression in single-sex and minority-only classes. In particular, the mediating effect of upward comparison was stronger in minority-only classes.     

Unmet needs among men with human immunodeficiency virus in community mental health care: a cross-sectional study

While community-based mental health services play an important role in caring for persons with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and co-existing mental health disorders, the extent to which their support needs are addressed in this setting is unknown. Accordingly, we examined if HIV infection was associated with unmet support needs among men living with and without HIV receiving community mental health care. This cross-sectional study examined 215 men (135 living with HIV and 80 without HIV) receiving case management services in urban Ontario. Using the Camberwell Assessment of Need, we ascertained the prevalence of support needs in 13 domains grouped into three clusters: Basic needs (accommodation, food, benefits, and money management); self-care/functional needs (daytime activities, self-care, and looking after the home); and health/safety needs (physical, psychological distress, psychotic symptoms, safety to self, and safety to others). We used generalized estimating equations with a logit link to examine the association between HIV and unmet need in each domain. Compared to HIV-negative men, men with HIV were more likely to have mood and concurrent disorders, and intellectual and developmental disabilities. Following multivariable analyses, men with HIV had greater unmet needs related to food (odds ratio?+?95% confidence interval: 9.36 (4.03, 21.75), p?<?0.001); money (OR: 1.90 (1.04, 3.47), p?=?0.036) [basic need domains]; psychological distress (OR: 2.39 (1.68, 3.41), p?<?0.001); drug use (OR: 5.10 (2.16, 12.08) p?<?0.001); and safety to self (OR: 3.35 (1.51, 7.52), p?<?0.003) [health and safety domains]. Despite living in a setting with universal health insurance, men with HIV receiving community mental health support had greater unmet need in basic and health domains than HIV-negative men receiving such support. Further research is required to develop and evaluate interventions to best support community-dwelling persons with HIV and mental health disorders.