育龄妇女对优生知识需求的调查分析

目的了解育龄妇女对优生知识的需求,为出生缺陷干预工作及宣教方式提供建议与措施。方法以妇、产科门诊就诊者及妇、产科住院的育龄妇女为调查对象,采用自制问卷,向被调查者发放调查表,现场填写,即时收回。结果不同文化程度对是否知道有些因素可能导致胎儿畸形均有显著差异(P<0.001),获取知识以孕期用药最多,占59.6%,获取途径以与医务人员交谈咨询比率最高,占53.1%,不同文化程度妇女所需求的优生知识内容随文化程度的上升而增加。结论育龄妇女对出生缺陷知识普遍缺乏,针对不同优生知识内容、不同对象,开展多元化的健康教育,使人们知道出生缺陷的危害,从而主动参与出生缺陷干预工程。     

Need for Affect and Attitudes Toward Drugs: The Mediating Role of Values

Human values and affective traits were found to predict attitudes toward the use of different types of drugs (e.g., alcohol, marijuana, and other illegal drugs). In this study (N = 196, M_age = 23.09), we aimed to gain a more comprehensive understanding of those predictors of attitudes toward drug use in a mediated structural equation model, providing a better overview of a possible motivational path that drives to such a risky behavior. Specifically, we predicted and found that the relations between need for affect and attitudes toward drug use were mediated by excitement values. Also, results showed that excitement values and need for affect positively predicted attitudes toward the use of drugs, whereas normative values predicted it negatively. The pattern of results remained the same when we investigated attitudes toward alcohol, marijuana, or illegal drugs separately. Overall, the findings indicate that emotions operate via excitement and normative values to influence risk behavior.     

Assessment of dependency levels of older people in the community and measurement of nursing workload

AIM: This paper is a report of a study to explore the relationship between the dependency levels of older people who are part of the community nurse's caseload and the volume and nature of nursing input required. BACKGROUND: International healthcare policy has consistently emphasized the reorientation of health services from hospital to community care. It is necessary to determine ways to use nursing resources appropriately to meet service needs of an increasing older population. METHOD: This quantitative study was conducted in one region of Ireland, which included a city and sparsely populated rural areas. Over a 4-week period in 2004, a volunteer sample of 44 nurses assessed all older people (1482) on their community caseload using the Community Client Need Classification System. In addition, participants recorded the amount of care time spent with each individual client by all members of the community nursing team. FINDINGS: The vast majority of clients were seen in their own homes (85%, n = 1259). On the 5-point Community Client Need Classification System, the majority (39%, n = 571) were assessed at level 2 (low level of need) and 4% (n = 61) at level 5 (high level of need). As client need level increased, the consumption of community nursing time also increased. CONCLUSION: The tool was successful in discriminating between care needs levels of older people and may be useful in predicting the type and amount of human resources required by individuals who need community nursing services. Lack of information on demographic variables may limit the transferability of these findings.     

南京市某三甲医院出院患者回访需求调查

目的：了解医院出院患者回访的需求现状,为医院开展有效的回访工作提供依据。方法：在南京市某三甲医院出院处对当日出院的患者进行随机问卷调查,收回有效问卷442份。结果：92．4％的患者表示愿意接受出院后回访;36．2％的患者表示希望在出院后1周内回访;80．8％的患者表示希望采取电话回访方式;83．3％的患者表示希望由医生进行回访;92．1％的患者表示主要希望回访时给予康复指导。结论：医院应围绕患者的医疗服务需求有效开展回访工作。     

护士对护理知识需求的调查及分析

目的 了解浙江省医院护士对护理知识的需求.方法 自行设计调查问卷,调查浙江省不同医院256名护士对护理知识的需求状况.结果 护士对护理知识的需求程度较高、需求内容广泛,获取知识的方式多样化.结论护士对护理知识的需求迫切,为护士提供全面、实用、快速有效的护理知识系统很有必要.     

我国医院护理人力资源配置与需求的研究

目的 了解我国医院护理人力资源的配置与教育现状及医院对护理人力资源的需求情况.方法 采用问卷调查法对我国内地181所三级、二级医院及9774名护士进行调查.结果 三级、二级医院的平均医护比分别为1∶1.39和1∶1.31,均低于卫生部编制标准.164所占97.6％医院的医护比和105所占61.8％医院的护士人数占卫生技术人员总数的比例不达标.6050人占62.3％的护士的起始学历是中专.2003年至2007年医院招聘中专生的构成比下降而大专/高职生、本科生的构成比均上升.合同制已成为医院聘用护士的主要形式,从2003年占新入职护士的60％上升到2007年的78％,有的地区已超过90％.2009年至2013年医院对中专生和大专/高职生的需求量及构成比均呈下降趋势,而对本科生和硕士生的需求呈上升趋势.结论 我国医院护理人员配置不足,起始学历偏低,新入职护士聘用形式主要为合同制.我国医院对护理人员的需求总量增加,其中对中专生的需求量呈减少的趋势,大专/高职生是需求的主体但需求量呈先增加后减少的趋势,对本科生及研究生的需求量呈增加的趋势.建议合理配置护理人员数量,重视合同制护士的就业环境与职业前景,改善我国护理专业起始教育的层次结构.     

Hearing status,need for recovery after work,and psychosocial work characteristics: Results from an internet-based national survey on hearing

The main aim of the study is to address the relationship between hearing status and need for recovery. In addition, the role of hearing status in the relationship between psychosocial work characteristics (i.e. job demands and job control) and need for recovery was assessed. The sample comprised 925 normally-hearing and hearing-impaired working adults (aged 18–65 years) participating in the National Longitudinal Study on Hearing. Hearing status was determined using the national hearing (speech-in-noise) test over the internet. Psychosocial work characteristics and need for recovery were assessed using the job content questionnaire and the Dutch questionnaire on the experience and assessment of work. Regression models revealed a significant association between hearing status and need for recovery after work, poorer hearing leading to an increasing need for recovery. Additionally, poorer hearing led to a higher odds for risky levels of need for recovery. Hearing status did not influence the significant relationship between psychosocial work characteristics (i.e. job demand and job control) and need for recovery after work. Implications for clinical practice, such as the necessity of having adequate enablement programs for this specific group of patients, are discussed.     

Defining the needs of ICU patient families in a suburban/rural Greek population: a prospective cohort study

Aim. To define the needs of intensive care unit patients’ families in the specific suburban/rural population of Crete Island. Background. Families of intensive care unit patients have specific needs that should also be addressed by the intensive care unit‐care team. Current research has mostly concentrated on families from an urban setting, therefore may not be applicable to other populations. Design. Prospective cohort study. Methods. Family members of patients admitted in the intensive care unit for ≥48 hours over 18 months, in a mixed medical‐surgical, 11 bed closed intensive care unit. Questionnaire: The Greek translation of Critical Care Family Need Inventory, which consists of 45 need items covering the information, reassurance, proximity, support and comfort domains. Each item was scored on a four‐point scale (1 = very important to 4 = not important). Participants were also asked to single out the most important need from the Critical Care Family Need Inventory and complete a questionnaire on basic demographic characteristics. Results. Two hundred and thirty (65%) family members completed the questionnaire. Mean score for each of the 45 items ranged from 1·03–3 (scale from 1: very important–4: not important). Fourteen items were rated by responders as very important (mean score <1·25). Reassurance need items were consistently singled out as most important regardless of the participant’s background. Participants with a lower educational and socio‐economical status rated support need items as more important than those with a higher status. Conclusion. In this particular suburban/rural population, both ‘universal’ reassurance needs and specific support needs related to responders’ educational or socio‐economical background were identified. Relevance to clinical practice. Enhanced recognition of these needs may improve quality of care offered by intensive care unit‐care team to families of their patients.     

三种基本医疗保障制度下居民卫生服务需要和利用比较分析

目的：分析不同医疗保障制度覆盖人群的卫生服务需要和利用的差异。资料和方法：收集陕西省眉县样本家庭成员卫生服务需要和利用的相关数据。结果：不同医疗保障制度覆盖人群的卫生服务需要和利用存在较大差异,具体表现为新型农村合作医疗覆盖人群的门诊服务需要和利用、住院服务需求都较高,但是其住院服务利用在三种医保覆盖人群中最低。结论：医疗保障制度对参保人群的卫生服务需要和利用的影响很明显。通过继续提高基本医疗保险制度的覆盖率,完善现行医疗保障制度,逐步缩小不同医疗保障制度的差距,加强不同医疗保障制度的衔接,提高居民的卫生服务利用水平。     

上海市社区高血压患者对社区高血压随访管理工作的评价及需求

目的了解上海市高血压患者对社区高血压随访管理工作的评价和需求,为进一步整改和提高社区高血压随访管理水平提供依据。方法对上海市长宁区现有的高血压患者随访管理系统中登记在册的高血压重点管理对象中随机抽取1018名高血压患者。采用自行设计调查问卷,由经过培训的调查员对高血压患者进行面对面调查。结果 97.3%的高血压患者认为高血压随访管理工作有必要,99.1%的高血压患者对医生的访视工作满意,50.5%的患者希望临床医生访视,26.0%的患者希望由公共卫生医生,49.9%的患者希望集中到社区卫生服务站点访视,24.2%的患者希望上门访视,8.8%的患者希望电话访视。被管理的高血压患者的总体知识知晓率较高,但对长期高血压易导致肾病和高血压患者血压降到正常仍需吃药这两方面知识的知晓率较低,分别为76.7%和77.0%。不同的年龄组、管理组别、文化程度和访视方式的患者高血压知识得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论高血压患者对随访管理工作满意度较高,但对随访医生、随访方式和随访内容有进一步的需求。