小鼠内皮抑素基因真核表达载体的构建和表达

目的 构建小鼠内皮抑素（ｅｎｄｏｓｔａｔｉｎ）ｃＤＮＡ的真核表达载体并将其在体外培养的脑胶质瘤细胞内表达。方法 将带有分泌信号的小鼠ｅｎｄｏｓｔａｔｉｎｃＤＮＡ克隆入真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３,构建ＣＭＶ启动子控制的载体ｐｃＤＮＡ－ｓＥｎｄｏ,并将上述载体转染体外培养的脑胶质瘤细胞（ＳＨＧ４４）,采用ＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＢｌｏｔ鉴定其表达,应艇牛微血管内皮细胞抑制实验检测其活性,结果 成功地构建了真核表达     

彩色多普勒血流显像对小孔室间隔缺损的诊断价值

目的　评价彩色多普勒血流显像 (CDFI)对小孔室间隔缺损 (VSD)的诊断价值。方法　对经CDFI诊断的 43例小孔VSD患者与手术治疗结果进行对照分析。结果　CDFI诊断阳性预测值为 95 % ,误、漏诊各 1例 ;整体定位阳性预测值为 88% ;40例彩色穿隔血流束宽测值与手术结果建立的回归方程式为Y =0 5 47+0 616X ,r =0 815 ,P <0 0 0 1;术前估测肺动脉收缩压 (PASP)为 ( 4 76± 1 93 )kPa。结论　CDFI诊断小孔VSD具有很高的特异性和准确性 ,并可估测患者术前的PASP。     

The rheological characteristics of nasal mucus in patients with rhinitis

In this paper we have analyzed the physical properties of nasal mucus from 120 outpatients with rhinitis. We focused on the most relevant rheological features: viscosity, elasticity, adhesiveness, as well as ability to be spun (spinability) or poured (pourability). A double-capillary type viscometer was used to measure viscosity and elasticity and the platinum ring method to measure adhesiveness. Spinability was measured with an automatic apparatus (Filancemetre Sefam) and pourability was determined by describing flow under gravity. Efficacy of nasal clearance was analyzed by measuring mucociliary transport time with an inert tracer using vegetal charcoal powder. Results showed that impaired nasal mucosal function in patients with rhinitis could be determined by studying rheological features in addition to measuring mucociliary activity. Information provided proved invaluable when considering possible treatment with agents affecting kinesis of nasal mucus.     

室间隔缺损合并肺动脉高压术后呼吸系统的管理

先心病室间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压经体外循环术后大多数病人都有不同程度的呼吸系统障碍,因此术后呼吸系统的管理尤显重要,本文作者通过大量的临床实践,详细地总结了矫治手术术前准备、术后监护以及相关的注意事项,值得临床推广。     

重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2/7融合基因的构建及其在大肠杆菌中的表达和初步活性测定

构建重组人骨形态发生蛋白－２／７融合体, 研究其在大肠杆菌中的表达及生物学活性。利用ＤＮＡ 重组技术,将编码人骨形态发生蛋白－２ （ＢＭＰ－２） 成熟肽的０．３６ ｋｂ 基因片段与编码人骨形态发生蛋白－７ （ＢＭＰ－７） 成熟肽的０．４４ｋｂ 基因片段连接,得到重组人骨形态发生蛋白－２／７ 融合基因; 经测序鉴定后,将其克隆到表达载体ｐＢＶ２２２中,转化大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α, 温度诱导表达。表达蛋白经初步纯化后测定其对培养小鼠成骨样细胞增殖、分化及碱性磷酸酶活性的影响。克隆质粒转化的工程菌,经４２℃诱导４～６ ｈ 后,高效表达重组人骨形态发生蛋白－２／７, 在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ上出现一新的蛋白带, 分子量约２９ ｋｕ,约占菌体总蛋白的２０％ ,表达蛋白以包涵体的形式存在,经初步纯化、裂解、复性后的ＢＭＰ－２／７ 蛋白具有促进成骨样细胞分化、增殖及增加碱性磷酸酶活性的作用。ＢＭＰ－２／７ 融合基因的构建和表达,可能提供一种全新的具有诱导成骨作用的蛋白     

Multiple single units and population responses during inhibitory gating of hippocampal auditory response in freely-moving rats

Paired clicks were presented to awake, freely-moving rats to examine neuronal activity associated with inhibitory gating of responses to repeated auditory stimuli. The rats had bundles of eight microwires implanted into each of four different brain areas: CA3 region of the hippocampus, medial septal nucleus, brainstem reticular nucleus, and the auditory cortex. Single-unit recordings from each wire were made while the local auditory-evoked potential was also recorded. The response to a conditioning stimulus was compared to the response to a test stimulus delivered 500 ms later: the ratio of the test response to the conditioning response provided a measure of inhibitory gating. Auditory-evoked potentials were recorded at all sites. Overall, brainstem reticular nucleus neurons showed the greatest gating of local auditory-evoked potentials, while the auditory cortex showed the least. However, except for the auditory cortex, both gating and non-gating of the evoked response were recorded at various times in all brain regions. Gating of the hippocampal response was significantly correlated with gating in the medial septal nucleus and brainstem reticular nucleus, but not the auditory cortex. Single-unit neuron firing in response to the clicks was most pronounced in the brainstem reticular nucleus and the medial septal nucleus, while relatively few neurons responded in the CA3 region of the hippocampus and the auditory cortex. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that inhibitory gating of the auditory-evoked response originates in the non-lemniscal pathway and not in cortical areas of the rat brain.     

The exposure of healthy volunteers to 200 ppm 1,1,1-trichloroethane increases the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in nasal secretions

Objectives: Irritating effects of organic solvents have usually been measured by means of questionnaires. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity of different methods of detecting subclinical irritating effects. Methods: Twelve healthy, non-smoking students were exposed to 200 ppm and to 20 ppm 1,1,1-trichloroethane in an exposure chamber, using a crossover design. The amounts of interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) in nasal secretions were measured. Mucociliary transport time was determined with the saccharine test. Ciliary beat frequency of nasal epithelial cells was measured with video-interference contrast microscopy. Subjective symptoms were assessed by questionnaire. Results: Concentrations of ILs were significantly elevated after exposure to 200 ppm 1,1,1-trichloroethane (IL-1β 82.4 vs. 28.8 pg/ml (medians), P=0.003; IL-6 12.2 vs. 7.2 pg/ml, P=0.01; IL-8 549 vs. 424 pg/ml, P=0.007), whereas the other parameters remained unchanged. Conclusion: The interleukins measured proved to be sensitive indicators of irritating effects of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. The German threshold limit (MAK value) of 200 ppm 1,1,1-trichloroethane does not prevent the subclinical inflammation of nasal mucosa. Received: 3 March 1999 / Accepted: 14 June 1999     

Inflammation markers in nasal lavage, and nasal symptoms in relation to relocation to a newly painted building: a longitudinal study

Introduction: There is a need to evaluate possible health effects of ventilation improvements and emissions from new buildings, in longitudinal studies. New methods to study biological effects on the eyes and upper airways are now available. Material and methods: A longitudinal study was performed on 83 trained social workers in two offices in Uppsala, Sweden. The exposed group (n= 57) moved to a newly redecorated building nearby. Low emitting building material had been used, including a new type of solvent-free water-based paint. The control group (n= 26) worked in the same office during the study period (November 1995 to February 1996). Hygiene management was carried out in both offices, at the beginning and the end of the investigation. Tear film stability (BUT) was measured. Nasal patency was measured by acoustic rhinometry, and eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme and albumin were analyzed in nasal lavage fluid (NAL). Results: The relocation resulted in an increase in the personal outdoor airflow rate from 11 to 22 l/s. Indoor concentrations of terpenes were higher in the new building, and powdering of the new linoleum floor was observed. Measurements showed low levels of volatile organic compounds (VOC), formaldehyde, carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen dioxide, respirable dust, and microorganisms in the air of all buildings. The move resulted in an increased nasal patency and an increase of ECP and lysozyme in NAL, after adjusting for changes in the control group. No changes were observed for nasal or ocular symptoms. A seasonal effect, with a decrease of ECP, was observed in the control group. Conclusion: A well-ventilated office building can be redecorated without any major ocular or nasal effects, or measurable increase of indoor air pollution if low-emitting building materials are selected. In agreement with previous evidence, the improved ventilation flow may explain the increase of nasal patency. The increase of ECP and lysozyme in NAL suggested an inflammatory effect in the new building. Since this building had increased ventilation flow, increased concentrations of terpenes, and powdering from the polish on the new linoleum floor, identification of causative agents was difficult. The hygiene measures did not give any evidence that emissions from the new type of solvent-free water-based paints or building dampness were responsible for the observed nasal effects. Considering the higher emissions of VOC reported from older types of water-based latex paints and solvent-based wall paints, the new type of solvent-free water-based paint seems to be a good choice from the hygiene point of view. Received: 21 December 1998 / Accepted: 20 June 1999     

Acceptance and effects of nasal lavage in volunteer woodworkers

Wood dust is an irritant and is carcinogenic to the nasal mucosa. It inhibits its own clearance from the nose. It therefore makes sense to lavage retained wood dust from the nose following exposure. To our knowledge this is the second study conducted to determine whether the procedure of nasal lavage reduces nasal symptoms in woodworkers. Forty-six woodworkers from 150 approached volunteered to trial nasal lavage using gravity fed, home-made unbuffered isotonic saline for 2 months in a crossover trial and then be followed-up a year later. The group reported significantly decreased nasal symptoms and over half continued to use nasal lavage voluntarily after 1 year. Results support the findings of the previous study that nasal lavage improves nasal symptoms and supplements those findings with data indicating patterns of voluntary usage following the study's conclusion. It is concluded that nasal lavage is an acceptable, effective and inexpensive option with minimal side effects for woodworkers who experience nasal symptoms and who wish to try the procedure.     

避免鼻内窥镜手术并发症的临床解剖

目的：为避免鼻内窥镜手术并发症提供解剖学基础。方法：在３０侧成人头部正中矢状剖面标本上,观察了泪囊的毗邻、在鼻腔外侧壁上的投影及筛窦的毗邻。结果：泪囊与中鼻道前房相邻,其在鼻腔外侧壁上投影的前界为“骨梭”,后界为钩突基部,上界为中鼻甲附着处前部的下缘,下界为下鼻甲附着处前部的上缘。筛顶壁为一前窄后宽的骨板,筛前、后动脉在筛窦内均靠筛顶下方并与筛板同水平走行。结论：鼻内窥镜手术者若熟悉手术区的解剖可减少或避免并发症。