鼻息肉中一氧化氮合酶表达及其意义

目的 :了解鼻息肉 (NP)中一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)的分布特点和活性及其在NP发病中的作用。方法 :用免疫组织化学法检测 30例NP(NP组 )及 2 0例正常鼻黏膜 (正常鼻黏膜组 )中NOS的表达 ,并用分光光度计法检测其活性。结果 :NP组NOS活性为 (4.0 79± 0 .6 5 5 )U/mg蛋白 ,正常鼻黏膜组为 (1.5 2 6± 0 .310 )U/mg蛋白 ,二者间差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;NP组iNOS有大量细胞表达 ,分布在黏膜上皮、腺体和血管内皮细胞以及炎症细胞中 ,与正常鼻黏膜组比较 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;而eNOS也有表达 ,但与正常鼻黏膜组比较 ,差异无统计学意义 ;NP组i NOS表达明显高于eNOS表达 ,其差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :NP主要表达iNOS ,分布在黏膜上皮、腺体和血管内皮细胞以及炎症细胞中 ,其产生的大量一氧化氮在NP的发病过程中可能起着重要的作用     

螺旋CT三维重建在鼻骨骨折中的临床应用价值

目的：探讨螺旋CT三维成像对鼻骨骨折的诊断价值。方法：应用GE Lightspeed Plus多排螺旋机扫描仪，对46例鼻外伤患者进行鼻骨横断面扫描和三维重建成像，并对检查结果进行分析。结果：46例鼻外伤患者中，9例普通X线侧位平片未发现骨折(19．6％)；CT图像均能清晰显示骨折线，其中单纯鼻骨骨折32例(69.6％)，并发上颌骨额突骨折11例(23．9%)，上颌窦骨折1例，筛窦纸样板骨折3例，鼻中隔断裂1例。结论：螺旋CT三维成像对于诊断鼻骨骨折具有重要的诊断价值。     

Pressure flow analysis may aid in identifying women with outflow obstruction

PURPOSE: We refined recently developed pressure flow cutoff values for female bladder outlet obstruction and applied these values in a consecutive group of women undergoing urodynamic testing for various lower urinary tract symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 87 women with clinical obstruction determined by history and presenting complaint were enrolled in our prospective evaluation of pressure flow studies. We identified 3 groups of participants according to the suspected cause of obstruction, including prolapse in 33, previous incontinence surgery in 25, and no likely source of obstruction identified from history and physical examination only in 29. An additional 124 patients presenting for evaluation of stress urinary incontinence served as controls. Optimal cutoff values for determining obstruction were developed using receiver operating characteristic curves. To determine the prevalence of bladder outlet obstruction these values were prospectively applied to 106 women undergoing urodynamics for various voiding complaints. RESULTS: In controls the average maximum flow rate was 23 cc per second and average detrusor pressure was 21.9 cm. water, whereas the corresponding values in those with clinical obstruction were 10.7 cc per second and 40.8 cm. water (p <0.001). No differences were noted in the various obstruction groups. Receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed that cutoff values of 11 cc per second or less and 21 cm. water or more optimized the selection of patients with bladder outlet obstruction. Using these values we noted a bladder outlet obstruction prevalence of 20% in a consecutive cohort of women undergoing urodynamic studies at our center. CONCLUSIONS: We propose cutoff pressure flow values for identifying women with bladder outlet obstruction although they should be used only in conjunction with the overall clinical situation. Neither pressure flow data only nor clinical symptoms alone may be sufficient for diagnosing obstruction in women.     

Metabolic risk factors in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and renal calculi

PURPOSE: We performed a prospective study to determine the incidence and spectrum of metabolic abnormalities predisposing to stone formation in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and renal calculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 47 consecutive patients with congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction underwent metabolic evaluation of stone risk factors. Of these patients 21 had associated stones (study group), while 26 did not (control group). Logistical regression, Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher's exact tests were performed to determine whether there was a significant difference between these groups in regard to the presence of metabolic risk factors. RESULTS: Demographically and symptomatically the 2 groups were equivalent except that the study patients were older. The 24-hour urinary excretion of calcium was significantly higher in study than in the control patients (p = 0.007). While the incidence of hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria was also higher in the study population, these differences were not significant (p = 0.08 and 0.07, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic abnormalities predisposing to stone formation are present more frequently in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction who have associated stones compared to those who do not. As such, urinary stasis alone does not explain stone formation in these cases. Rather, the local physiological environment of urine likely has a predisposing role. In addition to restoring unobstructed urinary flow, consideration should be given to metabolic evaluation and prophylactic treatment for affected patients.     

83例女性肠梗阻临床分析

目的 分析肠梗阻原因，探讨妇产科手术与肠梗阻间的关系。方法 回顾分析1994年～2003年83例女性肠梗阻患者的梗阻原因、类型、梗阻处理方法以及再次手术时盆腔情况。结果 83例肠梗阻患者中24例(28．9％)有妇产科手术史，其中子宫全切术后15例，剖宫产术后4例。在小肠梗阻中42．6％有妇产科手术史，肠梗阻发生与妇产科手术的间隔时间平均6．7年。结论 手术后粘连是小肠梗阻的常见原因，手术后粘连性肠梗阻多见于子宫全切术后；肠梗阻可以发生在妇产科手术后较长时间段内。     

生长抑素在肠梗阻治疗中的作用

目的探讨生长抑素在肠梗阻治疗中的应用效果。方法将我科78例各型肠梗阻,随机分为常规治疗对照组40例及实验组38例,实验组常规治疗基础上加用生长抑素(6 mg,iv,gtt,qd),对比两组的疗效。结果实验组临床症状较对照组明显改善,腹胀、腹痛减轻,胃肠引流量减少,治疗后肛门开始排气时间明显的缩短。结论在常规治疗基础上加用生长抑素静脉滴注能改善肠梗阻患者临床症状,适于各型肠梗阻的治疗,但不能减少其必要手术治疗病例的比例。     

Effects of irradiation on nasal mucociliary clearance in head and neck cancer patients

A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on fifty patients of histopathologically confirmed head and neck cancer with the main aim to assess the nasal mucociliary clearance, pre-and post-irradiation; and to compare the findings with the healthy non-irradiated age and sex-matched controls. All the patients underwent saccharin particle test for nasal mucociliary clearance before commencement of radiation therapy and again within 6 months of completion of radiation therapy. The difference between the saccharin perception times of nasal mucosa in the healthy non-irradiated controls and the pre-irradiated head and neck cancer patients were statistically inssignificant (P>0.05). But, the difference between the saccharin perception times of nasal mucosa in the pre-and post-irradiated head and neck cancer patients was found to be statistically significant (P=0). It is concluded that even indirect irradiation of nasal mucosa in head and neck cancer patients significantly affect its ciliary activity. Significance of total radiation dosage along with chemotherapy in some cases was also studied.     

两种术式在缓解恶性输尿管梗阻疗效中的对比研究

目的 探讨恶性输尿管梗阻（malignant ureteral obstruction,MUO）现有的临床治疗方案和经验,讨论恶性输尿管梗阻时使用经皮肾脏穿刺引流（percutaneous nephrostomy,PN）或输尿管支架置入术（ureteral stenting,US）的临床适用范围,明确2种术式在缓解恶性输尿管梗阻时肾功能损伤的有效性。方法 回顾性纳入重庆医科大学附属第一医院泌尿外科2021年1月至2023年5月诊断为恶性输尿管梗阻的患者,严格筛选纳入及排除标准后共有76例患者入组并随机分为PN组（n=22）与US组（n=54）,对患者基本特征及围术期、术后半年随访数据进行病例对照研究以反映肾功能在2组中的差异,采用SPSS 21.0版本对数据进行处理分析。结果 2组患者在性别（P=0.017）、手术侧肾积水程度（P=0.000）的比较,差异有统计学意义。2组患者术前3 d比较尿素氮（P=0.002）、血肌酐（P=0.003）,术后1 d尿素氮（P=0.017）、血肌酐（P=0.005）,差异有统计学意义。术后3 d与术后6个月2组患者在肾功能比较中差异均无统计学意义。结论 恶性输尿管梗阻以宫颈癌多发,其次为位膀胱癌、结直肠癌等。US可选择梗阻或积水较轻、慢性输尿管梗阻、肾功能损伤较轻的患者,可作为缓解输尿管梗阻的首选治疗方案。PN临床常对中至重度肾积水、肾功能损伤较重或者急性肾功能不全的恶性输尿管梗阻患者进行治疗,可作为US失败的替代方案。     

口服红藤汤治疗炎性肠梗阻的效果观察

炎性肠梗阻多因腹部手术、炎症、损伤、出血、异物等所致,临床以腹部手术后多见,约占各类肠梗阻的20%～40%[1]。术后疼痛、不愿活动,依赖心理加重,均能引起肠蠕动减慢,肠粘连加重导致肠功能延迟恢复,继而引起炎性肠梗阻。2005年1月～2006年6月我科应用红藤汤口服,缓解炎性肠梗阻的肠功能恢复效果良好。现报告如下。对象和方法研究对象选择2005年1月～2006年6月我科住院急性阑尾炎伴穿孔,胃切除,结、直肠癌手术,胆道术后出现炎性肠梗阻病人40例,其中男22例,女18例,年龄18～39岁,平均28±4.8岁,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组20例。方法实验组及…     

个性化综合性治疗泪道阻塞的临床观察

目的探讨泪道阻塞个性化综合治疗的临床疗效。方法临床收集165例(185只眼)泪道阻塞患者。根据病史、泪道冲洗、结合泪囊造影明确阻塞部位和程度。采用以泪囊鼻腔吻合术、KTP术、KTP 微孔支架植入术、泪道扩张术为主,辅以抗炎抗粘药物冲洗治疗。随访3~12个月。结果用本方法治疗的185只眼中,148只眼(80%)治愈;28只眼(15%)有效;9只眼(5%)无效。总治愈率95%。结论泪道阻塞应根据病情选择适当的个性化综合性治疗方法,不仅提高了泪道阻塞的治愈率,而且提高了难治性泪道阻塞的疗效。