外周血癌细胞中多种肿瘤标记物基因检测预测乳腺癌患者转移和预后的意义

目的：筛选一组可检测乳腺癌循环癌细胞的标记物基因,分析乳腺癌患者相对循环癌细胞数（Lc）与临床病理特征的关联。方法：收集乳腺癌患者142例（乳腺癌组）和正常女性60人（正常对照组）外周血标本。利用CGAP提供的SAGE Genie数据库中数字基因表达演示工具,筛选一组可用于检测乳腺癌循环癌细胞的标记物基因（FAM83A、NPY1R和KRT19）。应用定量巢式PCR方法检测研究对象外周血中标记物基因的表达水平,并通过公式计算患者Lc值。结果：在乳腺癌组患者外周血中肿瘤标记物基因FAM83A、NPY1R和KRT19的表达水平均明显高于正常对照组（P<0.001）。142例乳腺癌患者中有113例（79.6%）至少表达1个肿瘤标记物基因。乳腺癌患者Lc值与其临床分期和远处转移有关联（P<0.001）。Kaplam-Meier生存曲线,Lc值小于2的患者生存时间明显长于Lc值大于2者（P=0.005）。结论：筛选了一组检测乳腺癌外周血循环癌细胞的标记物基因,联合该组基因计算的Lc值与患者临床分期和远处转移有关联,并可辅助判断乳腺癌预后。     

电针督脉经穴为主对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆及NPY的影响

目的：观察电针督脉经穴为主对拟血管性痴呆大鼠学习与记忆能力的改善作用，探讨其发生机理，寻找腧穴之间的协同或拮抗作用。方法：四血管阻断（4VO）法造模。以电针督脉经穴为主，观察各组大鼠行为学、脑中NPY浓度变化。结果：电针各组与模型组比较，水迷宫试验中寻找平台时间明显缩短；相同时间内跨越原平台及其余三象限相应平台处次数明显增加；脑组织中NPY浓度明显降低。各电针组之间比较，无显著差异。结论：电针可明显改善拟血管性痴呆（VD）大鼠学习与记忆能力。三种腧穴配伍处方在本实验中未见显著差异。     

Arcuate nucleus neurons that project to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: Neuropeptidergic identity and consequences of adrenalectomy on mRNA levels in the rat

The possible role that the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus might play in mediating the increase in paraventricular nucleus corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels following adrenalectomy was investigated in two series of experiments. In the first series, in situ hybridization histochemistry was used to quantify levels of eight arcuate nucleus neuropeptide and neurotransmitter mRNAs in neurons that potentially relay adrenal steroid feedback to the paraventricular nucleus. In the second series of experiments, arcuate neuropeptidergic projections to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus were characterized using retrograde tracing in combination with in situ hybridization histochemistry. Despite an increase in paraventricular nucleus corticotropin-releasing hormone (60%) and pituitary proopiomelanocortin mRNA levels (sixfold), arcuate mRNA levels for proopiomelanocortin, neuropeptide Y, somatostatin, galanin, dynorphin, tyrosine hydroxylase, glutamate decarboxylase, and the glucocorticoid receptor were unchanged 14 days following adrenalectomy. Neuropeptidergic characterization of arcuatoparaventricular projections was achieved by injection of the retrograde tracer fluorogold into the paraventricular nucleus; retrogradely labeled neurons were characterized with polyclonal antisera against fluorogold in combination with oligonucleotide probes directed against neuropeptide Y, proopiomelanocortin, or somatostatin. Out of these three arcuate neuropeptides, neuropeptide Y mRNA was contained in 18% of the fluorogold-positive neurons in the arcuate, proopiornelanocortin mRNA was contained in 8%, and somatostatin mRNA was contained in 6%. Overall, the results from both experiments suggest that the arcuatoparaventricular neuropeptide Y, proopiomelanocortin, and somatostatin projections are not sensitive to a chronic (14 day) lack of adrenal steroids. These projections as well as the other arcuate neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems appear not to contribute to the persistent elevations in paraventricular nucleus corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels or pituitary proopiomelanocortin mRNA levels found in 14 day adremlectomized rats. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

1 This article is a US Government work and, as in the public domain in the United States of America.

     

大鼠孕期和哺乳期高蛋白饮食对子代代谢相关激素的影响

目的：探讨母体孕期和哺乳期高蛋白饮食对子代代谢相关激素的影响。方法：雌性Wistar大鼠交配成功后(F0代),随机分为3组：ProⅠ组、ProⅡ组、ProⅢ组,分别喂以不同蛋白含量的等热卡纯化饲料：DietⅠ(蛋白质：14%;碳水化合物：69.3%,E/E)、DietⅡ(蛋白质：24%;碳水化合物：59.3%;E/E)、DietⅢ(蛋白质：34%;碳水化合物：49.3%,E/E),相应饮食贯穿孕期和哺乳期。子代(F1代)出生后3 d(P3)剔除雌性并小窝喂养,于P21断乳后均以正常标准饲料喂养至实验结束(P77)。期间采集子代P21、P49、P77血样,并检测其代谢相关激素的水平。结果：P21时点,ProⅠ组F1代血清胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)水平低于ProⅡ组(P＜0.01);至P49时点,ProⅡ组、ProⅢ组IGF-1水平均高于ProⅠ组(P＜0.01);至P77时点,ProⅢ组IGF-1水平为3组中最高(P＜0.01)。P21时点,ProⅡ组F1代血清瘦素(Leptin)水平为3组中最高(P＜0.01);P49和P77时点,ProⅠ组Leptin水平持续低于ProⅡ组和ProⅢ组(P＜0.05)。ProⅢ组F1代P49时点血浆神经肽Y(NPY)水平低于ProⅠ组(P＜0.01),P77时点各组无差异(P＞0.05)。ProⅢ组P77时点胃促生长素(Ghrelin)水平高于ProⅠ组和ProⅡ组(P＜0.01),P49时点各组无差异(P＞0.05)。结论：大鼠孕期和哺乳期高蛋白饮食可引起其子代外周血中Leptin、Ghrelin、IGF-1水平升高,对外周血中NPY浓度影响较小。     

日本猴坐骨神经皮支和肌支中NPY和VIP免疫反应阳性纤维的分布和起源的比较研究

结扎猴坐骨神经皮支和肌支近侧端，观察其中ＮＰＹ和ＶＩＰ免疫反应产物蓄积状况以及其所支配的肌肉和皮肤中ＮＰＹ、ＶＩＰ免疫反应阳性纤维的分布。结扎神经干７ｄ后，发现皮支的结扎近心端含有ＮＰＹ和ＶＩＰ；而肌支的结扎近心端只含ＮＰＹ，无ＶＩＰ免疫反应阳性产物。在皮肤，大量ＶＩＰ免疫反应阳性神经纤维分布在汗腺周围，含ＮＰＹ的神经纤维分布在小血管周围。肌肉组织中有丰富的ＮＰＹ免疫反应阳性神经纤维沿血管分布，但几乎见不到ＶＩＰ阳性神经纤维。用ＴｒｕｅＢｌｎｅ（ＴＢ）逆行追踪结合荧光免疫组化技术研究猴坐骨神经皮支和肌支含肽能神经的起源，发现标记物给予腓肠内侧皮神经末端时，于Ｌ７和Ｓ１椎旁交感节出现ＴＢ与ＶＩＰ、ＴＢ与ＮＰＹ双标细胞；而支配腓肠肌的肌支只在Ｌ６、Ｌ７发现ＴＢ和ＮＰＹ双标细胞而含ＴＢ的细胞与ＶＩＰ免疫反应阳性细胞完全不重叠。本研究证明日本猴坐骨神经的皮支和肌支中ＮＰＹ和ＶＩＰ免疫反应阳性神经的分布和起源有明显的差异。     

中风回春片联合氯吡格雷治疗急性脑梗死恢复期的临床研究

目的 观察中风回春片联合硫酸氢氯吡格雷片治疗急性脑梗死恢复期的临床疗效。方法 选取2020年3月—2021年8月南阳市第二人民医院收治的120例急性脑梗死恢复期患者，采用随机数字表法将所有患者分为对照组和治疗组，每组各60例。对照组患者口服硫酸氢氯吡格雷片，75mg/次，1次/d。治疗组患者在对照组基础上口服中风回春片，5片/次，3次/d。两组均连续治疗4周。观察两组临床疗效，比较两组的Barthel指数（BI）评分、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分、血清炎性因子、神经营养指标、神经损伤指标。结果 治疗后，治疗组的总有效率（91.67%）明显高于对照组的总有效率（75.00%），组间比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组NIHSS评分下降，BI评分升高（P<0.05），且治疗组BI评分高于对照组，NIHSS评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组血清白细胞介素-17（IL-17）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平均下降，转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）水平均升高（P<0.05），且治疗组血清IL-17、IL-1β、hs-CRP水平低于对照组，TGF-β水平高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组血清脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）水平均升高（P<0.05），且治疗组血清BDNF、IGF-1、bFGF水平高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组血清血清淀粉样蛋白A（SAA）、心型脂肪酸结合蛋白（H-FABP）、神经损伤指标神经肽Y（NPY）水平均下降（P<0.05），且治疗组血清SAA、H-FABP、NPY水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 中风回春片联合硫酸氢氯吡格雷片治疗急性脑梗死恢复期的疗效显著，可提高患者的生活自理能力，促进其神经功能恢复，调节血清炎性因子、神经营养指标、神经损伤指标水平。     

Fast intra-axonal transport: Beginning,development and post-genome advances

The review describes the initial experiments suggesting a fast intra-axonal transport of transmitter related substances, in addition to the “classic” slow flow. Early experiments were mainly conducted in the peripheral adrenergic system, focusing on transport of amine storage granules, the extent of the vast sympathetic adrenergic system and the importance of axonal transport of amine granules for the adrenergic system. Further, it describes important advances obtained from studies of other neuron systems regarding local axonal protein synthesis, motor proteins and new insights regarding relation between faults in the transport machinery and some neuropathological conditions.     

Repeated gastric distension alters food intake and neuroendocrine profiles in rats

The consumption of a large food bolus leads to stomach distension. Gastric distension potently signals the termination of a meal by stimulating gastric mechanoreceptors and activating neuroendocrine circuitry. The ability to terminate a meal is altered in disorders such as bulimia nervosa (BN), binge-eating disorder (BED) and certain subtypes of obesity in which large quantities of food are frequently ingested. When a large meal is consumed, the stomach is rapidly stretched. We modeled this rapid distension of the stomach in order to determine if the neuroendocrine abnormalities present in these disorders, including increased gastric capacit3y, leptin dysregulation, and alterations in neuropeptide Y (NPY), and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) expression, were influenced by the rapid stretch aspect of repeatedly consuming a large meal.To test the effects of repeated gastric distension (RGD) on neuroendocrine factors involved in energy homeostasis, a permanent intra-gastric balloon was implanted in rats, and briefly inflated daily for 4 weeks. Though body weights and daily food intakes remained equivalent in RGD and control rats, a significant delay in the onset of feeding was present during the first and second, but not the third and fourth weeks of inflations. Despite equivalent body weights and daily caloric consumption, RGD animals had significantly decreased leptin levels (p < 0.05), and tended to have increased fasting arcuate NPY levels (p = 0.08), which were suppressed more than control animals following food intake (control and RGD decreases from baseline were 184.95% and 257.42%, respectively). NPY expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract followed a similar pattern. These data demonstrate that the act of regularly distending the stomach can have effects on the regulation of energy balance that are independent from those related to caloric consumption, and may be related to disorders such as BN, BED, and certain types of obesity in which meal termination is impaired.     

卡维地洛对原发性高血压患者血浆神经肽的影响

目的：为探讨卡维地洛对原发性高血压患者血浆神经肽Y（NPY）与神经降压肽（NT）水平的变化及其与高血压治疗的关系。方法：本文测定了56例原发性高血压患者用药前后血压、血浆NPY、NT的变化,30例健康人做为对照组。结果：原发性高血压组血浆NPY明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）;血浆NT低于对照组（P〈0.01）。卡维地洛治疗后血压明显下降;血浆NPY水平降低;NT水平升高。结论：卡维地洛对原发性高血压体内NPY、NT水平变化的影响,可能与其治疗作用有关。