Akt、Bad在大鼠肝缺血再灌注中的变化及作用

目的:研究PI3K-Akt信号转导系统成员Akt1、Bad在大鼠肝缺血再灌注(IR)后的激活规律,探讨该通路在IR损伤中的作用.方法:将60只SD雄性大鼠随机分成4组:空白对照组(Sham)、缺血再灌注组(IR)、溶剂对照组(DMSO)、阻断剂组(LY),于复灌0、0.5、1、2、4 h各不同时间点取材,应用免疫组化和免疫印迹法测定肝组织中Akt1、p-Akt1等信号蛋白的表达;H-E染色观察肝组织显微结构;同时测定血清肝功酶水平.结果:IR组大鼠在各复灌时间点上都显示明显肝细胞损伤,并随复灌时间延长加重;肝细胞胞质内有p-Akt1(Thr-308)表达,并在复灌0.5 h达到高峰.应用PI3K特异性阻断剂LY294002后,大鼠p-Akt1(Thr-308)表达在复灌0.5 h较IR组明显减少(P<0.01),但血清肝功酶指标在复灌4 h才明显升高(P<0.01);同时,LY294002使Akt1下游底物Bad(Ser-136)磷酸化水平降低、细胞损伤加重.结论:在缺血再灌注过程中 PI3K-Akt信号转导通路的激活对肝脏起到了一定的保护作用.     

缺铁性贫血患者输注PRC前后血清SF、FA和VitB12水平的临床意义

目的：探讨了缺铁性贫血（IDA）患者输注悬浮红细胞（PRC）前后血清铁蛋白（SF）、叶酸（FA）和维生素B12（VitB12）水平的变化。方法：应用放射免疫分析对32例缺铁性贫血患者进行了输注PRC前后血清SF、FA和VitB12水平测定,并以35名正常健康人作比较。结果：缺铁性贫血患者在输注PRC前血清SF水平非常显著地低于正常人组（P〈0.01）,而血清FA、VitB12水平显著高于正常人组（P〈0.01）,经治疗2周后除SF水平与正常人比较仍有差异外（P〈0.05）,而FA和VitB12水平则与正常人比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：输注PRC对缺铁性贫血患者具有一定的治疗作用,有重要的临床价值。     

Association of Pre-S/S and Polymerase Mutations with Acute and Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infections in Patients from Rio de Janeiro,Brazil

Several hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related factors, including the viral load, genotype, and genomic mutations, have been linked to the development of liver diseases. Therefore, in this study we aimed to investigate the influence of HBV genetic variability during acute and chronic infection phases. A real-time nested PCR was used to detect HBV DNA in all samples (acute, n = 22; chronic, n = 49). All samples were sequenced for phylogenetic and mutation analyses. Genotype A, sub-genotype A1, was the most common genotype in the study population. A total of 190 mutations were found in the pre-S/S gene area and the acute profile revealed a greater number of nucleotide mutations (p < 0.05). However, both profiles contained nucleotide mutations linked to immune escape and an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinomas (acute, A7T; chronic, A7Q). Furthermore, 17 amino acid substitutions were identified in the viral polymerase region, including the drug resistance mutations lamivudine and entecavir (rtL180M), with statistically significant differences between the mutant and wild type strains. Owing to the natural occurrence of these mutations, it is important to screen for resistance mutations before beginning therapy.     

Avian IRF1 and IRF7 Play Overlapping and Distinct Roles in Regulating IFN-Dependent and -Independent Antiviral Responses to Duck Tembusu Virus Infection

Avian interferon regulatory factors 1 and 7 (IRF1 and IRF7) play important roles in the host’s innate immunity against viral infection. Our previous study revealed that duck tembusu virus (DTMUV) infection of chicken fibroblasts (DF1) and duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs) induced the expression of a variety of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), including VIPERIN, IFIT5, CMPK2, IRF1, and IRF7. IRF1 was further shown to play a significant role in regulating the up-expression of VIPERIN, IFIT5, and CMPK2 and inhibiting DTMUV replication. In this study, we confirm, through overexpression and knockout approaches, that both IRF1 and IRF7 inhibit DTMUV replication, mainly via regulation of type I IFN expression, as well as the induction of IRF1, VIPERIN, IFIT5, CMPK2, and MX1. In addition, IRF1 directly promoted the expression of VIPERIN and CMPK2 in an IFN-independent manner when IRF7 and type I IFN signaling were undermined. We also found that non-structural protein 2B (NS2B) of DTMUV was able to inhibit the induction of IFN-β mRNA triggered by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection or poly(I:C) treatment, revealing a strategy employed by DTMUV to evade host’s immunosurveillance. This study demonstrates that avian IRF7 and IRF1 play distinct roles in the regulation of type I IFN response during DTMUV infection.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者焦虑、抑郁反应调查及心理干预的有效性

目的 探讨慢性乙型肝炎（乙肝）患者的焦虑、抑郁反应发生率及心理干预的方法和有效性.方法 选择2012年1月～2013年1月本院60例慢性乙肝患者为实验组,选择同期正常人群60例为对照组,应用焦虑自评量表（SAS）及抑郁自评量表（SDS）对两组进行调查;实验组给予3个月的心理干预后再次评估,并与心理干预前进行对照研究.结果 实验组抑郁发生率为66.6％（40例）,焦虑发生率为68.3％（41例）;心理干预前实验组SAS及SDS评分均高于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;心理干预后实验组SDS和SAS评分均较干预前明显下降（P＜0.01）.结论 慢性乙肝患者抑郁、焦虑反应发生率较正常人群高,心理干预能有效改善慢性乙肝患者焦虑、抑郁反应,值得临床推广.     

糖尿病神经痛大鼠脊髓背角NMDA受体表达的变化

目的探讨糖尿病神经病理性痛(DNP)大鼠脊髓背角N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体表达的变化。方法 SD雄性大鼠24只,4周龄,体重130～150g,随机分为2组,DNP组(D组,n=15)腹腔注射链尿佐菌素(STZ)50mg/kg制备成DNP模型,正常对照组(C组,n=9)给予等容量0.9%氯化钠溶液。给予STZ或0.9%氯化钠溶液后3、5、7周时分别取D组(5只)和C组(3只)大鼠,测量体重,采集静脉血样,测定空腹血糖浓度,然后测定机械缩足阈值,取脊髓组织,采用免疫组织化学法分别测定脊髓背角NR1和NR2B亚单位表达水平。结果与C组比较,在各时间点,D组体重下降,血糖升高,机械缩足阈值明显降低(P<0.05),脊髓背角NR1和NR2B亚单位免疫阳性细胞数表达明显增加(P<0.05)。结论脊髓背角NMDA受体在脊髓水平参与了大鼠糖尿病神经病理性痛的形成。     

The possible mechanisms of protocatechuic acid-induced central analgesia

It is aimed to investigate the central antinociceptive effect of protocatechuic acid and the involvement of stimulation of opioidergic, serotonin 5-HT_2A/2C, α2-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors in protocatechuic acid-induced central analgesia in mice. Time-dependent antinociceptive effects of protocatechuic acid at the oral doses of 75, 150 and 300?mg/kg were tested in hot-plate (integrated supraspinal response) and tail-immersion (spinal reflex) tests in mice. To investigate the mechanisms of action; the mice administered 300?mg/kg protocatechuic acid (p.o.) were pre-treated with non-specific opioid antagonist naloxone (5?mg/kg, i.p.), serotonin 5-HT_2A/2C receptor antagonist ketanserin (1?mg/kg, i.p.), α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (1?mg/kg, i.p.) and non-specific muscarinic antagonist atropine (5?mg/kg, i.p.), respectively. The antinociceptive effect of protocatechuic acid was observed at the doses of 75, 150 and 300?mg/kg in tail-immersion test, at the doses of 150 and 300?mg/kg in hot-plate test at different time interval. The enhancement in the latency of protocatechuic acid-induced response to thermal stimuli was antagonized by yohimbine, naloxone and atropine in tail-immersion test, while it was antagonized only by yohimbine and naloxone pretreatments in hot-plate test. These results indicated that protocatechuic acid has the central antinociceptive action that is probably organized by spinal mediated cholinergic and opiodiergic, also spinal and supraspinal mediated noradrenergic modulation. However, further studies are required to understand how protocatechuic acid organizes the interactions of these modulatory systems. As a whole, these findings reinforce that protocatechuic acid is a potential agent that might be used for pain relief. Additionally, the clarification of the effect and mechanisms of action of protocatechuic acid will contribute to new therapeutic approaches and provide guidance for new drug development studies.     

经腹B超检查在妇科急腹症中的应用价值分析

目的 探讨分析经腹B超检查在妇科急腹症中的应用价值.方法 对本院2012年1月～2013年1月收治的105例妇科急腹症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,总结经腹B超检查的准确率和影像学特点.结果 与临床病理诊断确诊结果比较,经腹B超检查诊断的准确率为93.33％（98/105）.其中异位妊娠诊断的准确率为96.67％,卵巢囊肿扭转诊断的准确率为93.33％,黄体囊肿破裂诊断的准确率为100.00％,急性盆腔炎诊断的准确率为91.67％,宫颈粘连诊断的准确率为90.00％,卵巢子宫内膜异位症诊断的准确率为90.00％,子宫肌瘤合并变性诊断的准确率为90.00％,处女膜闭锁诊断的准确率为80.00％.结论 经腹B超检查在妇科急腹症中的应用价值较高,准确率高、操作简便、经济实用,可以作为诊断妇科急腹症的首选方法,非常适合在基层医院中推广应用.     

阿克拉霉素B、阿霉素和小檗碱对人外周血NK细胞活性影响的初步研究

本文研究了阿克拉霉素B、阿霉素和小檗碱对人外周血NK细胞活性的影响.NK细胞活性由测定~(51)Cr从NK细胞作用的标记K562细胞的释放率来决定.阿克拉霉素B(0.5和1.Oμg/ml),阿霉素(0.5和1.0μg/ml)和小檗碱(1.0和10μg/ml)作用1小时后,未见对NK细胞活性有显著影响,提示三个药物可能即不明显抑制也不促进NK细胞的细胞毒作用.阿克拉霉素B和小檗碱在高浓度时表现轻微的促进作用,但阿霉素有轻微抑制作用.三个药物均有不同程度地增加靶细胞~(51)Cr的自然释放率,以阿霉素最强,提示有细胞膜毒性产生.因而尚难肯定阿克拉霉素B和小檗碱的NK细胞活性促进作用.