促肝细胞生长素对慢性肝损伤鼠肝部分切除术后肝细胞的影响

目的　 研究促肝细胞生长素 (主要成分为肝细胞生长因子 )对慢性肝损伤时肝部分切除术后肝再生和肝功能的影响。 方法　 以四氯化碳和乙醇联合诱导大鼠的慢性肝损伤模型 ,对其行 30 %肝部分切除术 ,术后 10d经腹腔注射促肝细胞生长素 (分对照组、小剂量组、大剂量组 ) ,同时建立正常对照组。观察不同剂量促肝细胞生长素对肝再生、肝功能和肝储备功能的影响。 结果　 小剂量组与对照组的总蛋白、白蛋白、谷丙转氨酶 (AST )、谷草转氨酶 (ALT)、总胆固醇、动脉血酮体比比较 ,差异无显著性 ( P >0 .0 5 )。大剂量组与对照组的AST ,ALT ,总胆固醇、动脉血酮体比的比较差异显著 ( P <0 .0 1)。电镜和光镜观察显示 ,大剂量的促肝细胞生长素能促进肝再生。 结论　 应用大剂量促肝细胞生长素可明显改善肝功能和肝储备功能 ,促进肝细胞再生     

Co-culture of primary neural progenitor and endothelial cells in a macroporous gel promotes stable vascular networks in vivo

Most tissues cannot survive without microvascular networks. In many cases, the host cannot vascularize implanted tissues, motivating the need for implantable vascular networks for tissue engineered grafts. However, engineering microvascular networks that are stable and functional for long times has proven challenging. The co-culture of neural progenitor cells with endothelial cells may lead to long term, functional microvascular networks. Ideally, these networks should be made from primary cells to avoid the potential safety concerns associated with immortalized orgenetically-engineered cells. Thus, we have investigated and developed a paradigm for isolating and co-culturing primary rat endothelial cells and neural progenitor cells in biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(L-lysine) macroporous hydrogels. The co-culture of these primary cells in the gels led to stabilization of vessels with no evidence of vessel regression even as far out as 6 weeks, the longest time point studied. Further more, the vessels contained host red blood cells, demonstrating they anastomosed with the host and were functional. Functional vessels were found throughout the implants, and no adverse effects such as clotting or thrombosis were observed. This work suggests that a co-culture of primary cells seeded in a macroporous hydrogel is a novel method to promote stable functional vascular networks which are critical for engineering complex tissues.     

电针对周围神经再生过程中脊髓运动神经元树突形态的影响

用ＣＢ—ＨＲＰ逆行标记法显示豚鼠臂丛干性损伤后正中神经再生４周或８周的再生轴突的胞体及树突。经光镜图像分析表明：自然恢复状态下，树突形态恢复缓慢，再生８周时树突伸展区域、长度、数量及一级树突直径等指标均与正常侧有很大差距。针刺治疗的４周或８周，上述各项指标均优于自然恢复组，８周时已接近正常侧水平。表明周围神经损伤再生后树突形态异常是功能恢复障碍的重要因素，针刺促进树突形态的恢复是治疗神经损伤病症的神经生物学基础之一。     

Skeletal Biology and Disease Modeling in Zebrafish

Zebrafish are teleosts (bony fish) that share with mammals a common ancestor belonging to the phylum Osteichthyes, from which their endoskeletal systems have been inherited. Indeed, teleosts and mammals have numerous genetically conserved features in terms of skeletal elements, ossification mechanisms, and bone matrix components in common. Yet differences related to bone morphology and function need to be considered when investigating zebrafish in skeletal research. In this review, we focus on zebrafish skeletal architecture with emphasis on the morphology of the vertebral column and associated anatomical structures. We provide an overview of the different ossification types and osseous cells in zebrafish and describe bone matrix composition at the microscopic tissue level with a focus on assessing mineralization. Processes of bone formation also strongly depend on loading in zebrafish, as we elaborate here. Furthermore, we illustrate the high regenerative capacity of zebrafish bones and present some of the technological advantages of using zebrafish as a model. We highlight zebrafish axial and fin skeleton patterning mechanisms, metabolic bone disease such as after immunosuppressive glucocorticoid treatment, as well as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and osteopetrosis research in zebrafish. We conclude with a view of why larval zebrafish xenografts are a powerful tool to study bone metastasis. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).     

淫羊藿注射液促进鸡胚背根节神经纤维生长的初步研究

用鸡胚背根神经节48枚,随机分成6组。1组为空白(B)组,另5组为实验(T_2～T_5)组,在其培养液中加入淫羊藿注射液,浓度分别为0.25％、0.5％、1％、2％、4％。连续培养4天。每天测量神经纤维长度,第3天测量神经纤维密度。结果提示,淫羊藿注射液能明显促进神经纤维的生长。体外生长3天时,实验组神经纤维的长度分别为对照组的1.046、1.074、1.154、1.181、1.246倍,密度分别为对照组的1.254、1.316、1.568、1.381、1.487倍,差别显著。在适宜范围内,加药浓度增高,促进效应增强。     

Identification of Bile Canalicular Cell Surface Antigen HAM.4 as Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPPIV) and Characterization of Its Role in Hepatic Regeneration After Partial Hepatectomy in Rats

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) has beenimplicated in the control of cell growth anddifferentiation. A rat hepatocyte membrane antigenrecognized by a monoclonal antibody (HAM.4) has now beenshown to be identical to DPPIV by immunoblot analysisand amino acid sequencing. The amounts of DPPIVimmunoreactive protein and enzymatic activity in serumincreased in a manner independent of de novo proteinsynthesis, and without any biochemical orimmunohistochemical changes in hepatic DPPIV, duringliver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats.DPPIV purified from serum by HAM.4 antibody-basedaffinity chromatography lacked the NH₂-terminal 36 aminoacids of the membrane-bound enzyme, suggesting thatproteolytic cleavage may mediate the release of DPPIVinto serum. No significant differences in therestoration of liver mass or in hepatic DNA synthesis were apparentbetween DPPIV-deficient and normal rats after partialhepatectomy, suggesting that DPPIV may not be essentialfor hepatic regeneration.     

加味补阳还五汤对周围神经损伤后神经机能恢复的实验研究

用加味补阳还五汤制剂给大鼠腓总神经损伤后的动物模型灌胃治疗,以观察该药物对周围神经损伤后神经机能恢复的作用。研究结果显示:用药组各观察周期运动神经传导速度均快于对照组(p<0.001);损伤后神经纤维传导速度的恢复率和伤肢的功能恢复用药组亦快于和早于对照组。     

针刺兔“足三里”穴不同层次神经纤维传入冲动实验研究

采用逆向碰撞技术,针刺兔“足三里”穴,探讨不同深度传入冲动纤维类型以及提插、捻转两种手法与神经冲动传导之间的关系。针刺兔“足三里”穴的浅、中、深三层,C类复合动作电位分别衰减25.03±7.27％,3.33±1.49％,3.18±1.45％,浅层与深层比较P<0.01,浅层与中层比较P<0.01;AB类复合动作电位分别衰减26.98±8.43％,20.31±5.55％,7.18±5.22％,浅层与深层比较P<0.05。可见C类和AB类纤维传入冲动在浅层占优势,古人提出穴位分三才补泻,从神经纤维在各层的分布偏重及传入冲动量的不同来分析,有其一定的理论基础及临床意义。针刺兔“足三里”穴,在C类纤维上进行提插与捻转手法比较,其冲动传入短时反应与长时反应的比例提插手法为1:3.8,捻转手法为1:2.8,但衰减值的比较由于观察例数少,未有统计学意义,似可认为提插手法的针后反应比捻转手法长,结合临床针感情况分析,提插手法疗效更佳。     

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of a nHA/PA66 Composite Membrane for Guided Bone Regeneration

A nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 (nHA/PA66) composite with good bioactivity and osteoconductivity is employed to develop a novel porous membrane with an asymmetric structure. In order to investigate the biocompatibility and the effect on guided bone regeneration (GBR) of nHA/PA66 porous membrane, the proliferation, viability, morphology and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) of the osteoblast-like cell line (MG63) cultured on the membrane were studied in vitro. In vivo biocompatibility and osteogenesis of the fabricated membrane were assessed by comparing guiding rats calvarial bone defects regeneration with "gold standard" GBR material, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membrane. In vitro experiments showed that the nHA/PA66 composite membrane had good cell affinity and cytocompatibility, in favor of cell proliferation. The in vivo study showed that the nHA/PA66 asymmetric porous membrane had a good GBR effect. All the results indicate that the asymmetric porous nHA/PA66 composite GBR membrane with good biocompatibility, high bioactivity and osteoconductivity exhibits good GBR effect and has a potential to be applied in GBR fields, especially in dental tissue regeneration.     

Neural Progenitor Cells Survival and Neuronal Differentiation in Peptide-Based Hydrogels

We designed nanofibrous hydrogels as 2-D and 3-D scaffolds for anchorage-dependent cells. The IKVAV-containing peptide amphiphile molecules spontaneously self-assembled into higher-order nanofiber hydrogels under cell-containing media. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) were incubated in peptide-based hydrogels. Effects of self-assembling hydrogels on survival and neural differentiation of NPCs were observed. Peptide was synthesized using a solid-phase method. TEM study of the hydrogel revealed a network of nanofibers. Phase-contrast light micrographs showed that the described hydrogel had no observable cytotoxicity to NPCs. Additionally this hydrogel could induce cells to differentiate into neuron-like cells and glial-like cells. Moreover, the cells encapsulated within hydrogel had a higher neuronal differentiation rate than in the surface of the hydrogel. This self-assembled hydrogel might serve as nerve tissue-engineering scaffold.