大鼠腹膜间皮瘤的酶组织化学及超微结构观察

对２２例大鼠腹膜间皮瘤进行酶组织化学和超微结构的综合研究，间皮瘤主要由ＥＣ、ＦＬＣ、ＩＣ、ＰＭＣ细胞组成，上皮瘤细胞脱氢酶活性高于纤维型，脱水酶活性低于纤维型。不同类型间皮瘤细胞酶活性特点表现各异，并与邻近组织或细胞的酶活性改变有一定的相关性。故认为间皮瘤的发生可能为多起源。同时首次报道未定型间皮瘤酶活性及超微结构的特点，这有助于进一步认识间皮瘤的组织发生及鉴别诊断。     

Effect of toxaphene on isolated hepatocytes of the yellowtail flounder, Pleuronectes ferrugineus storer

The histochemical and enzyme cytochemical effects of Toxaphene were investigated using isolated hepatocytes in suspension culture from laboratory-bred juvenile, female yellowtail flounder (Pleuronectes ferrugineus). Hepatocytes were kept in suspension culture for 4 days and exposed for 3 days to a control medium, to a medium with hexane (the solvent of Toxaphene), or to a medium with Toxaphene in two different concentrations (1 and 10 mocrog/ml). Subsequently, the cultivated cells were examined histochemically (Sudan black B, oil red O, Schmorl's reaction) and enzyme cytochemically (acid phosphatase, NADPH-ferrohemoprotein reductase). Toxaphene decreased the viability of the isolated cells significantly, as compared to the control suspensions. Toxaphene also increased the storage of total and neutral lipids (as demonstrated by Sudan black B and oil red O, respectively) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, Toxaphene increased the enzymatic activity of acid phosphatase, and increased the storage of lipofuscin pigment (as demonstrated by the Schmorl's reaction) within the hepatocytes, suggesting an increase in the number and/or size of the lysosomes. Hexane did not have a significant toxic effect on the isolated hepatocytes. It is concluded that Toxaphene is potentially toxic to fish in a marine environment and that this in vitro system may provide a model for assessing the direct effect of various toxicants on fish hepatocytes.     

免疫酶标法检测犬脑组织狂犬病毒的实验研究

目的 用免疫酶标技术对犬脑组织狂犬病毒抗原进行分析。方法 应用单克隆抗体和免疫酶标技术标记犬脑组织中狂犬病毒抗原。结果 在以HE法检测全部阴性的48例狗脑组织中，有2例呈阳性反应，阳性率为4.17％。大脑、海马区出现明显的弥漫型和局灶型阳性颗粒，结论 免疫组化单克隆抗体标记狂犬病毒其敏感度高，可提高狂犬病毒的诊断率；对研究狂犬病毒在犬脑组织神经细胞的分布有一定的意义。     

消痞灵冲剂对大鼠胃癌前期病变骨骼肌组织化学影响的定量研究

胃癌前期病变大鼠骨骼肌之SDH活性、M-ATPase活性和肌糖原含量明显低于正常对照组,而消痞灵冲剂的应用对其降低有明显的防治作用。     

外阴营养不良的组织病理学及酶组织化学的研究

目的：从形态学和功能方面探讨外阴营养不良的病因和发病机理。方法：对各型外阴营养不良的酶组织化学与组织学进行对比研究。结果：外阴营养不良的主要病变在真皮层，病变症结在微血管和胶原纤维。真皮内细胞出现程度不一的退行性变、微血管障碍及胶原纤维生成障碍。各型病变的琥珀酸脱氢酶显示较弱，而乳酸脱氢酶相对较强。结论：外阴营养不良病变内氧化水平较低，而醣酵解水平相对较高。该病变可能与细胞代谢的功能紊乱有关。     

Circadian changes in PACAP type 1 (PAC1) receptor mRNA in the rat suprachiasmatic and supraoptic nuclei

A receptor for pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), denoted as PAC₁, is expressed in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Since the circadian clock demonstrates phase-dependent sensitivity to PACAP, we have used in situ hybridization histochemistry to examine whether PAC₁ mRNA is differentially expressed in the rat SCN across the 24-h cycle. There was a significant variation in PAC₁ mRNA within the SCN and supraoptic nuclei during the light–dark cycle and in constant darkness, with peaks at the middle of both the real and subjective day and night; no significant variation was observed in the cingulate cortex. The results suggest that the phase-dependent actions of PACAP on the clock may involve phase-specific changes in the availability of PAC₁ receptors within the SCN.     

A quantitative system for studying phagocytosis in pigment epithelium tissue culture.

A quantitative assay for phagocytosis has been described using a heterologous system of chick pigment epithelial culture and radiolabeled bovine rod outer segment suspensions. Electron microscopy was used to verify results obtained in radiolabeled uptake studies. Freezing and mild shearing of the outer segment suspensions do not significantly inhibit phagocytosis. Outer segments radiolabeled with [³H]choline and [¹⁴C]mannose showed similar kinetics of phagocytosis. Maximum uptake was between 1 and 2 hr of incubation and approached 1% of the total applied radioactivity for mannose and 2% for choline.     

The binding of peroxidase-labelled lectins to human breast epithelium. II--The reactivity of breast carcinomas to wheat germ agglutinin

The binding of peroxidase-labelled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to a series of 125 human breast carcinomas has been studied. Routine fixation and processing has been shown to have no deleterious effect on reactivity. In contrast to the homogeneous binding of WGA to normal and hyperplastic human breast previously reported, the binding of WGA to breast carcinomas exhibits heterogeneity. This is of two forms: (1) in relation to cell reactivity, which is significantly correlated to tumour differentiation, with fewer cells reacting in those carcinomas showing loss of histological differentiation; (2) with regard to the interaction between WGA and specific saccharides of cellular glycan-components, binding to sialic acid appearing to be of significance to varying degrees in some carcinomas but not in others nor, as previously reported, in normal breast. The alteration in WGA-saccharide interaction is an indicator of the heterogeneity of the carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins within neoplastic cells of the same tumour and between carcinomas. The other finding of note has been that of the significant association between heterogeneity of cellular reactivity to WGA and the presence of axillary lymph node metastasis, but a lack of correlation between virtual absence of reactivity and nodal metastasis.     

Regional expression of 5-HT1B receptor mRNA in the human brain

The regional mRNA expression pattern of 5-HT(1B) receptors has been extensively characterized in the rodent and guinea pig brain, but a detailed mapping of the 5-HT(1B) receptor mRNA expression in the human brain has not previously been performed. In the present study, the mRNA expression of 5-HT(1B) receptors was analyzed using in situ hybridization histochemistry and whole hemisphere sections of the human postmortem brain. The mRNA expression was compared with the autoradiographic distribution of 5-HT(1B) receptors. High levels of mRNA expression were found in the striatum, cortex, lateral geniculate nucleus, and raphe nuclei. The expression was higher in ventral than in dorsal striatal regions and was absent from the substantia nigra and pallidum, where high levels of 5-HT(1B) receptors were found. A layer-specific expression pattern was observed in cortical regions. The results extend previous knowledge about the localization of the 5-HT(1B) receptor in the human brain. This study provides evidence of a mismatch of the regional expression of 5-HT(1B) receptor mRNA and the 5-HT(1B) receptor distribution in human brain, similar to what has been demonstrated in other species. This is in line with the localization of this receptor subtype in nerve terminals. The results give support to species differences in the cortical mRNA expression pattern of this receptor subtype.