Nephrosialidosis: ultrastructural and lectin histochemical study

Summary The neuropathological findings in a Japanese male with nephrosialidosis are reported. Clinically, coarse face, psychomotor retardation, macular cherryred spot and proteinuria were noted at 1 year and 7 months. He was diagnosed to have nephrosialidosis on the basis of a deficiency of -neuraminidase activity in both lymphocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts, and of severe glomerular and tubular involvement on renal biopsy. He died of multiple organ failure at 8 years and 6 months. There were numerous vacuoles and storage materials in visceral organs, particularly in the glomerular and tubular epithelial cells of the kidney and Kupffer cells as well as hepatocytes in the liver. Neuropathological examination revealed severe neuronal storage in the selected part of the central nervous system; lower motor neurons of the brain stem and spinal anterior horn cells, as well as neurons in the basal nucleus of Meynert. In the peripheral nervous system, sympathetic ganglia were severely affected. There was little or no neuronal storage in the basal ganglia, cerebral cortex or cerebellum, and demyelination was not found. Electron microscopic examination showed fine wavy multilamellar structures in the spinal anterior horn cells or Zebra body-like structures in the neurons of the Meynert's basal nucleus. Lectin histochemistry was positive for wheat germ agglutinin, Ricinus communis agglutinin-1 and peanut agglutinin within distended neurons. We conclude that the neuropathological feature in nephrosialidosis is not specific except for the selectiveness of the anatomical sites of involvement. It shares some aspects found in other types of sialidosis or galactosialidosis.     

青蒿素的组织化学定位及其含量相关性研究

目的 确定青蒿素储存部位并为高青蒿素含量黄花蒿植株筛选提供选择指标。方法 应用组织化学方法确定青蒿素的储存结构，应用统计学方法确定储存结构腺毛状分泌腺密度与青蒿素含量的相关性。结果 青蒿素储存于腺毛状分泌腺(BGT)和T-型网状分泌腺(NTFT)中，在叶中腺毛状分泌腺的密度与青蒿素含量正相关。结论 腺毛状分泌腺密度可作为高青蒿素含量黄花蒿育种筛选指标。     

一侧后牙缺失咀嚼肌酶组织化学定量研究

为了解一侧后牙缺失后咀嚼肌肌纤维类型构成、纤维粗细和酶活性的变化，利用图像分析仪对一侧后牙缺失后小型猪咀嚼肌酶组织化学改变进行了定量研究。结果发现两侧咀嚼肌酶组织化学均有不同程度的改变，随时间迁延，各肌变化发展趋向不同，一侧后牙缺失后１个月，失牙侧嚼肌和下颌舌骨肌以Ｉ型纤维为多，所有肌肉纤维直径均增大，翼外肌Ｉ型纤维和各肌ＩＩ型纤维酶活性均升高；至３个月时各肌均以Ｉ型纤维占优势。咬合紊乱会引起咀嚼肌酶组织化学特征的明显改变，可能与颞下颌关节紊乱综合征时肌肉的功能失调有关。     

微波凝固肝癌细胞活性的酶组织化学检测

目的比较HE染色和酶组织化学染色对判断微波消融灭活肝癌细胞活性的价值。方法用10W、1.5～2min(85～95℃)和5W、1.5～2min(55～65℃)两种条件的微波消融,分别治疗A、B两组(每组3只)小鼠移植型肝癌,并取微波消融前后的肿瘤组织标本制成切片,进行常规HE染色及琥珀酸脱氢酶的酶组织化学染色,在显微镜下观察两种染色的情况。结果从HE染色观察到,A、B两组小鼠肝癌组织在微波消融后的即刻,其细胞核形态和排列较消融前无明显改变。酶组织化学染色显示,A组肿瘤消融区内的琥珀酸脱氢酶的活性均消失,这说明了癌细胞的灭活;B组肿瘤消融区内上述的酶活性都呈散在阳性,提示部分癌细胞仍存活,A、B两组的肿瘤灭活效果明显不同(Ρ<0.01)。结论HE染色不能评价微波消融对肝癌的即刻灭活效应,用酶组织化学染色测琥珀酸脱氢酶的活性能判定MA对肝癌的灭活效果。     

免疫抑制剂及中药治疗外阴营养不良前后相关酶学及局部组织免疫复合物的研究及临床观察

目的:探讨外阴营养不良的病因与局部免疫的关系及局部组织酶学改变,探索新的治疗方法。方法:局部病变组织皮下注射重组人表皮生长因子、α-2b干扰素及中药苦参提取液,观察治疗前后的局部组织免疫复合物沉积、酶学改变及临床症状的改善情况。结果:局部病变组织皲裂及溃疡全部愈合,萎缩、瘙痒、色素脱失及增生等症状均有好转。大部分标本LDH、ACP值偏高,SDH、AKP、5'-N值偏低。TIC主要沉积在小血管壁、血管内皮及周围,基底膜亦可见,治疗前后TIC沉积率及抗C3统计学处理差异有显著性(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:外阴营养不良的病因与局部免疫异常有关,导致炎症反应,引起局部代谢障碍及酶学改变。应用免疫抑制剂及中药治疗可提高缓解率及治愈率,为其治疗开辟了一个新途径。     

Caries Frequency and Nutrition Before,During and After World War II

This study was carried out in order to observe the changes in amino-peptidase activity which might occur in the palatal mucosa and gingiva of the rat in the initial phase of healing after tooth extractions. The material consisted of 115 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Amino-peptidase activity was studied at time intervals of 30 min., 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 hours and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 days after the extractions. The azocoupling principle was used for the histochemical demonstration of enzyme activity. However, the incubation solution was in gel form. A semipermeable membrane was placed between the tissue sections and the incubation medium in order to prevent enzyme diffusion and dissolving of enzymes into the incubation medium. The substrates used were N-aminoacyl 2-naphthylamines of L-leucine and L-arginine. Histological investigations were carried out simultaneously with the histochemical study. The principal increase in aminopeptidase activity occurred relatively late after the tooth extractions. The most intense staining was observed in 4- to 7-day wounds. During the same period the most active fibroblastic proliferation was observed histologically. The changes were demonstrable using both of the substrates. However, the staining was more intense when N-L-leucyl-2-naphthylamine was used as the substrate. By using N-L-arginyl-2-naphthylamine as the substrate, chloride ions caused a marked increase in staining intensity. It was thus assumed that aminopeptidase B would also be activated during the healing.     

Enzyme histochemistry is useful to assess viability of tumor tissue after microwave coagulation therapy (MCT): metastatic adenocarcinoma treated by lateral segmentectomy after MCT

We report on a case of metastatic adenocarcinoma of liver that was removed and examined histochemically after microwave coagulation therapy (MCT). The patient was a 65-year-old woman who had a metastatic tumor in the liver (S3) after high anterior resection due to a rectal adenocarcinoma and received MCT against the tumor. One month after MCT, multiple metastatic tumors were detected by abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan. As it was difficult to control them by MCT alone, we performed lateral segmentectomy. To assess the effects of microwave ablation on cellular viability of metastatic tumor, we used enzyme histochemistry for acid phosphatase (AcP), which is positive in macrophages infiltrating in the tumor. In a part of the ablated area of resected liver, there was remaining neoplastic tissue of which the morphology was maintained in H&E staining. This was found to be microwave-fixed non-viable tissue because no enzyme activity of AcP was detected in the infiltrating macrophages. This case report suggests that enzyme histochemistry was useful to assess the effect of MCT, enabling us to distinguish fixed cells from viable cells.     

Prospective study of morphologic and functional changes with time in the mucosa of the ileoanal pouch

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to investigate the morphologic and functional changes with time in the mucosa of the ileoanal pouch. METHODS: A morphologic study by histopathologic analysis, mucosal morphometry, and mucin histochemistry and a functional study by analysis of transmucosal potential difference were performed in 27 patients with an ileoanal J-pouch after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. In 19 patients with a normal ileoanal pouch, two prospective follow-up analyses were performed after median functional pouch times of 14 and 39 months. We also evaluated eight patients with the diagnosis of pouchitis (median follow-up, 52.5 months). RESULTS: In the normal ileoanal pouch group, some degree of chronic and acute inflammatory infiltration was identified in 100 percent and 63.2 percent of cases, respectively, with no significant differences being observed between the two follow-up analyses. The mean villous atrophy index at the first and second follow-up was 0.54 and 0.52, respectively, significantly lower (P<0.001; an indication of a greater degree of villous atrophy) than the value obtained from the control group with a healthy terminal ileum (0.77). The group of patients with pouchitis exhibited statistically significant differences in the degree of acute and chronic inflammatory infiltration, the extent of ulceration, the crypt depth, and the villous atrophy index, compared with patients without pouchitis. In the normal ileoanal pouch group, the median percentage of sulfomucin with each degree of atrophy (1=mild; 2=moderate; and 3=severe) was 2.6, 4.5, and 20.9 percent, respectively. In patients with pouchitis, the median percentage of sulfomucin was 5.9 percent. The mean transmucosal potential difference at the first follow-up (–25.3 mV) was significantly lower (P=0.001) than at the second (–30.4 mV). Significant differences were apparent with respect to both the normal ileum (–8.9 mV) and the normal rectum (–40.2 mV). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the ileal pouch behaves as a neorectum, with different degrees of colonic metaplasia from a morphologic and a functional perspective.Read at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 22 to 26, 1997. Dr. Garcia-Granero is an International Scholarship recipient.     

Microscopic observation of chemical modification in sections using scanning acoustic microscopy

A scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) calculates the speed of sound (SOS) through tissues and plots the data on the screen to form images. Hard tissues result in greater SOS; based on these differences in tissue properties regarding SOS, SAM can provide data on tissue elasticity. The present study evaluated whether tissue modifications, such as formalin fixation, periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) reactions and protein degradation, changed the acoustic properties of the tissues and whether SAM could be a useful tool for following chemical changes in sections. The fixation process was observable by the increased SOS. During the PAS reaction, the glycosylation of tissues was characterized by an increased SOS. Mucous or glycogen distribution was visualized and was found to be statistically comparable among lesions and states. Protease digestion by pepsin led to a decreased SOS. Tissue sensitivity to proteases varied due to the stage, cause and duration of inflammation or ageing. Changes in acoustic properties were more sensitive than those in optical histology. SAM facilitates the visualisation of the time course or distribution of chemical modifications in tissue sections, thus aiding their comparison among tissues. SAM may be an effective tool for studying changes such as protein cross‐linkage, tissue repair and ageing.     

Gastric Carcinoids of Argyrophil ECL Cells

Histochemical and ultrastructural studies were carried out in four gastric carcinoids, two of which were associated with atrophic gastritis and pernicious anemia. All tumors showed intense argyrophilia and vesicular granules resembling those of endocrine enterochromaffinlike (ECL) cells in normal human gastric mucosa. Tumor cells were found to be unreactive to all the 18 available antiserums to gut hormones, including gastrin, somatostatin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide. The tumors were interpreted as ECL cell argyrophil carcinoids with various degrees of differentiation and atypia.