大鼠三叉神经脊束间质核内接受内脏伤害性信息的含CB神经元向孤束核的投射

目的 探讨大鼠三叉神经脊束间质核(INV)内接受内脏伤害性信息的含calbindin D-28K(CB)神经元与孤束核(NTS)的投射联系。方法 用福尔马林刺激上消化道，应用荧光金(FG)逆行束路追踪结合Fos和CB的免疫荧光组织化学三重标记法。结果 INV的背侧边缘旁核(PaMd)和三叉旁核(PaV)内可见到大量FG逆标细胞，以注射FG的同侧为主。大部分FG逆标细胞(约71.2％)为CB免疫反应阳性。部分FG和CB双标记神经元(约31．5％)同时呈Fos免疫反应阳性的三重标记。结论 INV内部分接受内脏伤害性刺激的CB神经元可直接投射至NTS，含CB的神经元在内脏伤害性信息经INV向NTS的传导通路中，可能发挥重要作用.     

慢性癫痫大鼠海马内GABA_A受体γ_2亚单位的改变──原位杂交组织化学研究

将马桑内酯作腹腔注射诱发大鼠慢性癫痫动物模型。然后，对模型动物和对照动物海马组织进行ＧＡＢＡ_Ａ受体γ_２亚单位的原位杂交组织化学研究。结果表明，慢性癫痫动物海马回和齿状回内的ＧＡＢＡＡ受体γ_２亚单位ｍＲＮＡ较对照组明显减少。提示ＧＡＢＡＡ受体γ_２亚单位可能在癫痫发病机理中起一定作用。     

Native and sialic acid masked Lewisa antigen reactivity in medullary thyroid carcinoma

Forty-six medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) were subjected to a qualitative and quantitative characterization of native and sialic acid masked Lewis^a (Le^a) antigens. Immunohistochemical investigations included monoclonal antibodies (MABs) directed against alpha(2,3)-sialyl-Le^a, i.e. CA19-9 (MAB 19-9), native Le^a (MAB anti Le^a) and alpha(2,3) sialyl type 1 structure, i.e. CA 50 (MAB C50). To detect sialic acid masked Le^a reactivity, MAB anti-Le^a was also applied to native and enzymatically desialylated tissue sections with and without masking of sialic acid residues by sialic acid and sequence specific lectins. Only 7 MTC (15%) displayed a weak expression of CA19-9, while 16 (33%) showed moderate positive staining for native Le^a. Twenty-seven tumours exhibited a strong staining by the N'ase MAB anti Le^a staining sequence. The latter could most effectively be inhibited by the simultaneous masking of alpha(2,3)-and alpha-(2,6)-linked sialic acid residues due to the comptetitive binding of sialic acid and sequence specific lectins: Maackia amurensis agglutinin (specific alpha(2,3)-linked sialic acid) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (specific alpha(2,6)-linked sialic acid). Thus, in MTC the major portion of sialic acid masked Le^a antigen reactivity is different from that detected by the MAB 19-9. The antigen reactivity is probably due to Le^a structures containing both alpha(2,3) and alpha(2,6)-linked sialic acid residues. A highly significant correlation between the expression of CA50 and that detected by the N'ase MAB anti-Le^a staining sequence indicates that the alpha(2,3)-sialyl type 1 chain represents a common intermediate structure within the pathway of the biosynthesis of sialylated Le^a antigens, excluding the formation of CA19-9 via the formation of the disialyl type 1 structure. This is subsequently fucosylated to the corresponding sialic acid masked Le^a. Preliminary clinicopathological studies indicate that the sialic acid masked Le^a antigens detected by the N'ase MAB anti-Le^a staining sequence are related to biologically aggressive MTC.     

Ultrastructural histochemistry of mesotheliomas and adenocarcinomas in malignant effusions

The results of electron microscopic examination of cytologic specimens from six cases of mesothelioma and 10 cases of metastatic carcinoma of different origins are presented. The formation of cell clusters in malignant effusions from the two neoplasms has been thoroughly investigated: in mesotheliomas, cells had longer, more slender microvilli than in carcinomas and more abundant bundles of intermediate filaments; the central cavity often seen in the clusters frequently contained collagen and showed basement membrane production. The application of periodic acid-silver methenamine (PASM) and phosphotungstic acid (PTA) demonstrated a peculiar ultrastructural difference in cell coat staining in the two tumor types: in mesotheliomas, PTA and PASM were consistently negative along the outer surface of the cell aggregates, while carcinomas displayed a positive reaction either on the outer surface or on both inner and outer surfaces of the clusters. The diagnostic significance of the above-mentioned difference between the two neoplasms will require further investigation in a larger number of cases.     

猪心肌梗死多普勒组织成像与组织化学变化

目的：运用多普勒组织成像（DTI）和组织化学染色对急性心肌梗死（AMI）动态变化进行检测。方法：10头开胸猪结扎左冠状动脉前降支（LAD）,复制急性心肌梗死模型。于结扎后2、20、90、180min,用DTI技术测定前间壁收缩期运动速度（Vs)、舒张早、晚期运动速度（VE、VA）;从前间壁取材5块,常规石蜡包埋、切片、HE及组织化学染色、对病变进行分析。结果：LAD结扎前,DTI－二维显示收缩期、舒张期室壁运动协调,彩色充盈。结扎后,前间壁室壁变薄,色彩暗淡,着色异常,甚或缺失。DTI－频谱检测结扎2、20min,Vs,VE明显降低（P＜0．05）,至90、180min时运动速度降低更加显著（P＜0．01）,而VA无显著差异（P＞0．05）。病理显示心肌细胞、血管内皮及平滑肌细胞有不同程度的坏死,并伴有血栓形成、心内膜及心外膜炎。结论：DTI与组织化学对照分析,能准确反映缺血、梗死区域心肌不同时间变化规律。精确测定心肌运动速度。     

大鼠盆神经节内投射至膀胱VIP、SP及NOS阳性神经元的研究

用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)逆行追踪法与免疫组织化学、NADPH-d酶组织化学结合法,对大鼠盆神经节中支配膀胱的神经元进行了研究.结果显示在盆神经节中支配膀胱的神经细胞中存在HRP-VIP,HRP-SP及HRP-NOS双标细胞.提示膀胱功能的调节是多因素的,神经肽(VIP,SP)和NO在其中起重要作用.     

大鼠延髓内含前-原脑啡肽mRNA、甲硫氨酸-脑啡肽和亮氨酸-脑啡肽神经元的分布

应用原位杂交和免疫组织化学方法,对成年大鼠延髓内含前-原脑啡肽(PPE)mRNA和甲硫氨酸-脑啡肽(M-ENK)与亮氨酸-脑啡肽(L-ENK)免疫反应神经元进行观察。结果表明:含PPEmRNA的神经元胞体,多数分布在孤束核、腹外侧区以及两者之间的网状结构等形成的一条从背内侧到腹外侧区的弧形带内。M-ENK与L-ENK样免疫反应阳性结构(神经元胞体、纤维和终末)也主要密集分布在该带内。本结果对ENK(M-ENK和L-ENK)参与延髓内脏功能活动的调控过程,提供了进一步的形态学证据。     

大肠癌及癌前病变的粘液组化研究

应用粘液组化方法AB—PAS、HID—AB、OR—AB、PAT—KOH—PAS、PATB—KOH—PAS显示大肠上皮分泌粘液的类型。结果发现:大肠慢性炎、大肠克隆病及炎性息肉、增生性息肉、幼年性息肉分泌粘液类型与正常粘膜相似(P>0.05),而伴有异型增生的溃疡性结肠炎、管状腺瘤、绒毛状腺瘤、家族性息肉、腺瘤癌变、大肠癌及癌旁粘膜粘液分泌性质与量均有变化。在这些病变中氮乙酰化及含有邻位羟基的氧乙酰化粘液阳性率明显高于正常粘膜(P<0.05)。其检出阳性率与异型增生的程度有关。笔者认为应用粘液组化方法分析大肠癌前病变粘液性质对于判断粘膜上皮恶性倾向提供了有价值的手段。     

Distribution of Galanin mRNA Containing Cells and Galanin Receptor Binding Sites in Human and Rat Hypothalamus

The distribution of cells containing galanin mRNA and that of galanin receptor binding sites were investigated using in situ hybridization histochemistry and receptor autoradiography in male rat hypothalamus and in postmortem hypothalamic tissues from control human brains. Oligonucleotide probes labelled with 32P were used for hybridization experiments. The specificity of the hybridization signal was ascertained using several probes, competition assays and Northern blot analysis. High levels of hybridization were found in the paraventricular, supraoptic and arcuate nuclei of rat and human hypothalamus. Human intermediate nuclei and scattered cells of the posterior perifornical nucleus also contained galanin mRNA. Galanin mRNA was also found in the dorsomedial nucleus of the rat. The distribution of galanin receptor sites was investigated by receptor autoradiography using 125I-labelled porcine galanin. The specificity of the binding was assessed by competition with different neuropeptides. While galanin blocked the binding at nanomolar concentrations, the other neuropeptides examined were ineffective at 10-7 M concentrations. The highest densities of galanin binding sites were seen in the preoptic area, ventromedial and lateral nuclei, of rat and human hypothalamus. In contrast, very low densities of binding sites were observed in the paraventricular, supraoptic and arcuate nuclei. Our results show that the distribution of neurons expressing galanin is complementary to that of galanin receptors in the rat and human hypothalamus. This suggests that receptors for galanin are not located on the cell bodies of galaninergic neurons, but are probably presynaptic on or postsynaptic to the processes of these cells.     

Histochemical study of transmyocardial laser channels in dogs

目的　了解激光心肌血运重建术时激光对心肌的损伤。方法　在狗心肌上用CO2 激光打孔。术后即刻、两周时于打孔处取材 ,用硝基蓝四唑法作琥珀酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶组织化学染色。结果　术后即刻 ,孔道及其周围心肌分为五个区。中央为孔道即组织汽化区 ,向外依次为碳化区、酶消失区、酶减少区、酶浓缩区。两周后孔道区被肉芽组织取代 ,周围心肌细胞酶活性正常。结论　激光心肌血运重建术术后即刻 ,孔道周围心肌细胞酶活性由内向外依次呈消失、减少、浓缩改变。术后两周可逆性损伤的心肌细胞酶活性恢复。