黄芪多糖对糖尿病大鼠心肌超微结构的影响

目的 观察黄芪多糖（APS）对链脲左菌素（STZ）糖尿病大鼠物质代谢、心肌超微结构的影响。方法 SD大鼠腹腔注射STZ以建立糖尿病模型（DM）,成模后分组,APS组每日给予黄芪多糖灌胃,DM组每日给予生理盐水灌胃作为对照。另设一正常对照组。实验6周后采血,测血糖、血脂,电镜观察心肌超微结构,原子吸收光谱测心肌钙含量。结果 APS组的血糖、三酰甘油水平和心肌钙含量较DM组明显降低,电镜下心肌超微结构的异常明显减轻。结论 APS可以改善STZ糖尿病大鼠的物质代谢,对其心肌超微结构也有保护作用。     

Estimating pneumococcal vaccine coverage among Australian Indigenous children and children with medically at-risk conditions using record linkage

BackgroundRisk-based recommendations are common for pneumococcal vaccines but little is known about their uptake. In Australia, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was funded only for Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) children and those with underlying medical conditions in 2001, and then there were different booster dose recommendations depending on risk after the introduction of universal PCV vaccination in 2005.MethodsWe measured coverage of PCV dose 3 and additional PCV and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) doses by risk group among children born in July 2001–December 2012 in two Australian states using linked immunisation and hospitalisation data (available until December 2013). We ascertained medical risk conditions using hospitalisation diagnosis codes and Indigenous status using an established algorithm, comparing coverage for children born pre (2001–2004) and post (2005–2012) universal PCV funding.ResultsAmong 1.3 million children, 63,897 (4.9%) were Indigenous and 32,934 (2.5%) had at least one medically at-risk condition identified by age 6 months. For births in 2001–2004, coverage for PCV dose 3 by 1 year of age was 37% for Indigenous, 15% for medically at-risk and 11% in other children, increasing to 83%, 91% and 92%, respectively for births in 2005–2012. In children with medically at-risk conditions, PCV dose 4 coverage by 2 years was 1% for 2001–2004 births, increasing to 9% for 2005–2012 births, with PPV23 coverage by 6 years 3% in both cohorts. Among eligible Indigenous children, PPV23 coverage by 3 years was 45% for 2001–2004 births and 51% for 2005–2012 births.ConclusionsCoverage with additional recommended booster doses was very low among children with medical conditions, and only modest among Indigenous children. If additional PCV doses are recommended for some risk groups, especially in the context of routine schedules with reduced doses (e.g. 2 + 1 and 1 + 1), measures to improve implementation will be required.     

Evaluation of effectiveness,safety and cost-benefit of the 23– valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine for HIV-Infected patients

IntroductionDue to the lack of understanding of the protective effects and safety of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) in immune-deficient populations, the vaccination rate of PPV23 among HIV-infected patients is still very low in China. The main objectives of this study were to determine whether the efforts to assess measures for the prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia are still worthwhile, and provide designated vaccination program of HIV-infected persons for government policy based on.Methods60 HIV-infected adults in Lanshan county who had never been vaccinated with any pneumococcal vaccine were enrolled in this study, voluntary vaccination of PPV23 and One-year follow-up after vaccination can be completed.Result76.67% patients (46/60) had serologic response at 12 months after vaccine, CD4 count(≤500 cells/ul or > 500 cells/ul) and Month from diagnosis to first antiviral therapy (≤1 month or > 1 month) were related to antibody responses (p < 0.05).In this study, PPV23 was well tolerated, no adverse reaction was reported.11 Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia (9.17%,11/120) occurred in the Unvaccinated group and 1 case(1.67%,1/60)in the vaccination group within one year after vaccination(Fisher's exact probability, P = 0.225). The VE was 81.79%. The per capita benefit was 39.32 dollars, the benefit-cost ratio = 1.19. There are significant statistical differences between the vaccinated group and the non-vaccinated group in outpatient costs (p < 0.05, 95 %CI: 9.29–32.11), Medicine costs (p = 0.017, 95 %CI: 2.47–24.44), and disease related indirect costs (p = 0.038, 95 %CI: 0.93–33.63) within one year of vaccination.ConclusionOur study results showed that PPV23 can be safely and effectively administered to HIV-1 infected individuals and effectively preventing Streptococcal pneumonia. Considering the cost-benefit of vaccination among HIV-infected persons, as it has been reported in our study, it is necessary to promote the widespread use of the vaccine among HIV-infected persons in the future.     

Effect of stimulation of Kupffer cells by prodigiosan on regeneration of hepatocytes

The effect of the polysaccharide ofBacillus prodigiosus (prodigiosan) on DNA synthesis and mitotic activity of the hepatocytes was studied in the regenerating liver of male Wistar rats. After administration of the stimulator in a dose of 50 g per rat 24 h before partial hepatectomy the indices of labeled nuclei and mitotic indices were higher and reached their maximum sooner in the hepatocytes in the experimental animals than in the controls. It is suggested that the stimulating effect of prodigiosan is connected with activation of the Kupffer cells of the liver.Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Novosibirsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 7, pp. 69–71, July, 1978.     

高山红景天多糖对小鼠抗柯萨奇B5病毒感染能力的研究

对感染柯萨奇Ｂ５病毒（ＣＶＢ）小鼠模型研究结果表明，高山红景天多糖对发病小鼠心肌功能改善和免疫功能提高均具有明显的促进作用。增强了小鼠抗ＣＶＢ５感染的能力，并对由ＣＢＶ感染性疾病也有一定的防治作用。     

灵芝菌发酵培养基的优化及灵芝胞外多糖的分离纯化

用正交法研究了不同条件对灵芝菌生长影响,从中选出了灵芝 菌液体深层发酵的优化 培养基：葡萄糖 3.6%,蛋白胨 0.4%,pH 6.0,酵母膏 0.2%,KH2PO40.1%,MgSO 4· 7H2O 0.05%,Vit B1 0.005%,每升发酵液产干菌丝体 15.6 g,粗多糖 0.72 g。 经葡 聚糖凝胶层析对灵芝胞外多糖进行了分离纯化,共有 5 个组分,并用红外光谱、紫外光谱 ,气相色谱等手段进一步分析了灵芝胞外多糖的组成,结果表明灵芝胞外多糖系由甘露糖、 果糖、葡萄糖通过糖 β-D 糖苷键构成。     

南柴胡多糖分离与组成的初步研究

南柴胡粗多糖经糖腈乙酰酯化后采用高分辨毛细管气相色谱分析,发现南柴胡粗多糖主要由Ｌ－阿拉伯糖、核糖、Ｄ－木糖、Ｄ－甘露糖、Ｄ－葡萄糖、Ｄ－半乳糖等单糖组成,校正因子法测得它们的摩尔比为０．１０６：２．６５２：４．０７０：０．５１９：０．９３０：２．５１８。     

茯苓多糖颗粒剂的研制及质量检测

以提取的茯苓多糖为主要原料,制成颗粒剂保健品,并拟定质检项目其进行定性、定量检测。工艺简单易行,具有较好的治疗、保健功效。     

茜草多糖对肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 :观察茜草多糖对肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法 :通过建立大鼠急性肾缺血再灌注损伤模型 ,测定了茜草多糖对肾缺血再灌注后 ,MDA、SOD以及肾组织中Na ,K ATP酶及Ca2 ATP酶活性的变化。结果 :使用茜草多糖后 ,与对照组比较MDA明显降低。SOD、Na 、K ATP酶及Ca2 ATP酶的活性显著上升。结论 :茜草多糖对急性肾缺血再灌注损伤肾脏有显著的保护作用。     

枸杞多糖对密闭缺氧条件下小鼠心,肝,血SOD活性,MDA含量的影响

目的：探索枸杞多糖（ＬＢＰ）是否有抗脂质过氧化作用。方法：建立密闭缺氧的急性缺氧模式,采用ＮＢＴ测定ＳＯＤ活性、ＴＢＡ测定ＭＤＡ含量。结果：实验组与对照组织ＭＤＡ含量有显著性差别,其余组织ＳＯＤ、ＭＤＡ虽无显著性差异,但实验组均有ＳＯＤ活性升高,ＭＤＡ含是下降的趋势。结论：ＬＢＰ具有抗脂质过氧化作用的倾向。