Evidence of anti-inflammatory effects of Passiflora edulis in an inflammation model

The popular medicine Passiflora edulis has been used as a sedative, tranquilizer, against cutaneous inflammatory diseases and intermittent fever. Most of the pharmacological investigations of Passiflora edulis have been addressed to its Central Nervous System activities, such as anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and sedative actions. Otherwise, there are few reports about the anti-inflammatory activity of the Passiflora species. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous lyophilized extract obtained from leaves of Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa Degener (Passifloraceae) in the mouse model of pleurisy induced by carrageenan (Cg), bradykinin, histamine or substance P, observing the effects upon leucocytes migration, myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO) concentrations and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) levels. RESULTS: Passiflora edulis (250mg/kg) administered by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) inhibited the leukocyte, neutrophils, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, TNFalpha and IL-1beta levels (P<0.01) in the pleurisy induced by carrageenan. Passiflora edulis (250-500mg/kg, i.p.) also inhibited total and differential leukocytes in the pleurisy induced by bradykinin, histamine or substance P (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Several mechanisms, including the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFalpha, IL-1beta), enzyme (myeloperoxidase) and mediators (bradykinin, histamine, substance P, nitric oxide) release and/or action, appear to account for Passiflora edulis's actions.     

薯蓣皂苷元对小鼠下腔静脉结扎血栓形成及相关因子的影响

目的研究薯蓣皂苷元对静脉血栓形成的影响,并初步探讨其抗血栓作用的机理。方法通过小鼠下腔静脉结扎,测定形成血栓的重量及血清和血管壁内NO与MPO水平的变化。结果薯蓣皂苷元对小鼠下腔静脉结扎血栓形成具有抑制作用,能使血清中NO升高,而血管壁内的NO降低,MPO则升高。结论薯蓣皂苷元通过影响血液和血管壁内NO与MPO水平而发挥抗血栓形成作用。     

血清氧化物酶及尿微量白蛋白水平与原发性高血压颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的关系

目的通过检测血清氧化物酶及尿微量白蛋白水平研究其对原发性高血压病人的颈动脉斑块形成的影响。方法分别检测350例原发性高血压患者及180例健康对照组血清氧化物酶及尿微量白蛋白水平,同时通过超声检测其颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成率,研究血清氧化物酶及尿微量白蛋白水平对原发性高血压病人的颈动脉斑块形成的影响。结果350例原发性高血压受试对象经测定确认颈动脉存在硬化斑块共为102例,为29.14%。健康对照组180例中,共有颈动脉硬化斑块形成者12例,为6.67%。高血压组与正常健康对照组高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。而高血压组血浆氧化物丙二醛（MDA）、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）及尿微量白蛋白（mALB）显著高于正常健康对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。以尿微量白蛋白〉19.0mg/L为尿微量白蛋白阳性,尿微量白蛋白阳性高血压组共有斑块形成62例,其颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成率为39.2%,而尿微量白蛋白阴性高血压组有颈动脉斑块形成40例,其颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成率为20.8%,而且其MDA、MPO浓度也显著低于尿微量白蛋白阳性组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论高血清氧化物丙二醛、髓过氧化物酶及尿微量白蛋白可促进颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成。     

二烯丙基三硫醚对脂多糖诱导小鼠肺炎的改善作用

目的探讨二烯丙基三硫醚(DATS)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠肺炎的改善作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组及DATS 20、40、80 mg/kg预防组和DATS 20、40、80 mg/kg治疗组。通过ip LPS制备小鼠急性肺炎模型,考察DATS对血清生化指标丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、炎症因子一氧化氮(NO)、细胞白介素8(IL-8)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、肺组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、NO、NF-κB p65的影响。结果 DATS 40、80 mg/kg预防组和DATS 40、80 mg/kg治疗组能显著降低AST、NO、IL-8和TNF-α水平(P0.05),DATS 80 mg/kg预防组和DATS 80 mg/kg能显著降低LDH水平(P0.05),显著升高SOD水平(P0.05)。DATS 80 mg/kg预防组和DATS 80 mg/kg治疗组能显著升高MPO和NO水平(P0.05),并能抑制NF-κB p65的转移。结论 DATS对LPS诱导的肺部氧化损伤和炎症反应有一定的逆转作用,与DATS抑制NF-κB核转移和MPO活性有关。     

补心气口服液联合尼可地尔治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床研究

目的探讨补心气口服液联合尼可地尔治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效。方法选取2017年6月—2018年6月在邯郸市第二医院治疗的冠心病心绞痛患者94例,根据住院号分为对照组(47例)和治疗组(47例)。对照组患者口服尼可地尔片,10 mg/次,3次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上口服补心气口服液,10 mL/次,3次/d。两组患者均治疗3个月。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者心电图改善情况、心绞痛发作次数和持续时间及血清学指标。结果治疗后,对照组患者临床和心电图有效率分别为80.85%和82.98%,均分别显著低于治疗组的95.74%和97.87%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者心绞痛发作次数、持续时间较治疗前均显著降低(P0.05),且治疗组心绞痛发作次数和持续时间比对照组降低更明显(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)和肌钙蛋白(CTnI)水平均显著降低(P0.05),且治疗后治疗组上述血清学指标水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论补心气口服液联合尼可地尔治疗冠心病心绞痛能够明显改善患者心绞痛症状,降低机体炎症反应,降低心肌损害,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

麝香心脑乐胶囊联合美托洛尔治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床研究

目的探讨麝香心脑乐胶囊联合美托洛尔治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效。方法选取2017年3月—2018年2月在恩施自治州中心医院治疗的冠心病心绞痛患者88例,根据用药差别分为对照组(44例)和治疗组(44例)。对照组口服酒石酸美托洛尔片,25 mg/次,2次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上口服麝香心脑乐胶囊,1.6 g/次,3次/d。两组患者均治疗12周。观察两组患者心绞痛和心电图疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者心绞痛发作次数和持续时间及血清学指标和血液流变学指标。结果治疗后,对照组心绞痛和心电图临床有效率分别为81.82%和72.73%,均分别显著低于治疗组的95.45%和88.64%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组心绞痛发作次数和持续时间均显著减少(P0.05),且治疗组心绞痛发作次数和持续时间明显少于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组IL-18、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A(PAPP-A)、全血黏度(WBV)、血浆黏度(PV)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)和血小板黏附率(PAR)水平均显著降低(P0.05),且治疗组上述血清学指标和血液流变学指标水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论麝香心脑乐胶囊联合酒石酸美托洛尔片治疗冠心病心绞痛可有效改善临床症状,降低血清炎症因子水平,促进血液流变学指标改善。     

茜草醇提物对佐剂性关节炎大鼠肝脏、脾脏损伤及Foxp3的影响

目的:以茜草醇提物干预AIA大鼠模型,探讨茜草醇提物对佐剂性关节炎(AIA)大鼠模型肝脏、脾脏损伤及脾脏组织中叉状头/翅膀状螺旋转录因子3(Foxp3)的影响。方法:将72只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、地塞米松(0.125 mg·kg-1)组和茜草醇提物低、中、高剂量组(2.5,5,10 g·kg-1),每组12只。适应性喂养7 d后,于其余5组大鼠右后足跖皮下注射弗氏完全佐剂(CFA)0.1 m L致炎,复制AIA模型,正常组给予等体积的蒸馏水,连续灌胃给药21 d。给药期间,用排水法测定致炎侧大鼠足体积,观察大鼠行为、体质量增长情况。给药21 d后,计算大鼠足肿胀度、脏器指数,检测肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),丙二醛(MDA),髓过氧化物酶(MPO),一氧化氮(NO)水平,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察肝脏、脾脏病理组织学变化,免疫组化法检测大鼠脾脏组织内Foxp3蛋白表达情况。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠足肿胀显著升高,脾脏、肝脏脏器指数明显降低,肝脏组织中MDA和MPO含量明显增加,脾脏中Foxp3蛋白水平显著降低(P0.05,P0.01)。与模型组比较,茜草醇提物中、高剂量组及地塞米松组大鼠足肿胀明显降低(P0.05,P0.01),但茜草醇提物低剂量组无显著性差异;茜草醇提物低、中、高剂量组大鼠脾脏、肝脏脏器指数显著增加(P0.01);改善肝脏及脾脏组织炎症变化,茜草醇提物低、高剂量组及地塞米松组均可以明显降低MDA和MPO的含量(P0.05,P0.01),仅茜草醇提物高剂量组及地塞米松组显著升高SOD活性和降低NO的含量(P0.01),茜草醇提物中、高剂量组及地塞米松组明显上调脾脏中Foxp3蛋白水平(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:茜草醇提物具有较好的抗炎作用,表明茜草醇提物可以改善AIA大鼠肝脏及脾脏损伤,增加肝脏中MDA和MPO的含量,并提高脾脏组织中Foxp3的表达水平来增强机体的免疫耐受能力。     

ACOS患者血清Hs-CRP、MPO的检测意义

目的:对ACOS稳定期及急性加重期患者血清中的Hs-CRP、MPO水平进行检测,探讨二因子在ACOS病情活动中的变化,进而分析其在临床中的应用价值。方法:采用乳胶增强免疫比浊法检测血清Hs-CRP,采用酶联免疫吸附测定MPO浓度值。结果:ACOS急性加重期组血清Hs-CRP值为(64.96±12.89)mg/L,血清MPO的值为(41.10±17.44)ng/ml;ACOS稳定期组此二因子分别为(14.71±6.26)mg/L、(88.76±14.52)ng/ml;健康对照组此二因子分别为(6.18±3.98)mg/L、(70.49±11.04)ng/ml。     

A novel vaccinological evaluation of intranasal vaccine and adjuvant safety for preclinical tests

Vaccines are administered to healthy humans, including infants, so the safety and efficacy must be very high. Therefore, evaluating vaccine safety in preclinical and clinical studies, according to World Health Organization guidelines, is crucial for vaccine development and clinical use. A change in the route of administration is considered to alter a vaccine’s immunogenicity. Several adjuvants have also been developed and approved for use in vaccines. However, the addition of adjuvants to vaccines may cause unwanted immune responses, including facial nerve paralysis and narcolepsy. Therefore, a more accurate and comprehensive strategy must be used to develope next-generation vaccines for ensuring vaccine safety. Previously, we have developed a system with which to evaluate vaccine safety in rats using a systematic vaccinological approach and 20 marker genes. In this study, we developed a safety evaluation system for nasally administered influenza vaccines and adjuvanted influenza vaccines using these marker genes. Expression of these genes increased dose-dependent manner when mice were intranasally administered the toxicity reference vaccine. When the adjuvant CpG K3 or a CpG-K3-combined influenza vaccine was administered intranasally, marker gene expression increased in a CpG-K3-dose-dependent way. A histopathological analysis indicated that marker gene expression correlated with vaccine- or adjuvant-induced phenotypic changes in the lung and nasal mucosa. We believe that the marker genes expression analyses will be useful in preclinical testing, adjuvant development, and selecting the appropriate dose of adjuvant in nasal administration vaccines.     

Pomegranate juice intake attenuates the increase in oxidative stress induced by intravenous iron during hemodialysis

The hemodialysis (HD) procedure induces oxidative stress (OS), which is further aggravated by intravenous (IV) iron administration, aimed at correcting anemia of patients with HD. We have recently shown that 1 year of pomegranate juice (PJ) intake attenuated OS and inflammation in patients with HD. In the current study, we hypothesized that a single dose of PJ can attenuate the enhanced OS and inflammation induced by both the dialysis procedure and IV iron administration during HD session. Twenty-seven patients with HD were randomized to receive PJ or placebo during 1 dialysis session with IV iron. Blood samples were drawn before and after the session to asses OS biomarkers such as advanced oxidation protein products and myeloperoxidase (MPO), whereas polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) counts served as an indirect measure of inflammation. At the end of the dialysis session, an increase in advanced oxidation protein products and MPO levels as well as a decrease in PMNLs counts were observed in the placebo group, whereas no significant changes occurred in the PJ group. The postdialysis increase in MPO levels in the placebo group is a direct result of PMNL degranulation, associated with postdialysis decrease in PMNL counts. Degranulation of PMNLs leads to the release of other cell moieties, such as inflammatory mediators and proteases that enhance inflammation. We conclude that PJ intake attenuated the increase in systemic OS and inflammation induced by IV iron administration during the dialysis session. These beneficial effects illuminate the previously observed attenuation in OS and inflammation in patients with HD on prolonged PJ intake.