Error-related processing during a period of extended wakefulness

The nature of error detection as manifested by the error-related negativity was examined in both a Sternberg memory search task and a visual search task. Both tasks were performed in conditions with consistent or varied stimulus-response mapping and loads of three or six letters. After subjects were trained extensively in all conditions, they performed the tasks throughout the night without sleeping. The data suggest that the effectiveness of error detection decreases over time because of a decrease in the quality of perceptual processing. Error detection also suffers when performance requires more search-related resources. In both cases, the representation of the correct response is compromised. These results indicate that error detection depends on the same perceptual and cognitive processes that are required for correct performance.     

针灸辨证治疗慢性疲劳综合征的临床研究

目的：探讨针灸治疗慢性疲劳综合征的规律及疗效。方法：以中医辨征论治为原则进行针灸治疗。主穴：百会、内关、足三里。以BELL氏慢性疲劳综合征积分表为观察指标。结果：临床治愈23．7％，显效55．3％，有效13．1％，无效7．9％，总有效率92．1％。经统计学处理，治疗前后BELL氏积分差异有显著意义(P＜0．01)。结论：针灸能有效地治疗慢性疲劳综合征。     

针灸按摩治疗慢性疲劳综合征研究进展

目的：通过综述近15年来针灸按摩治疗慢性疲劳综合征的文献，为临床治疗该病提供相应的参考资料。方法：共综合了盟篇相关文献的内容，从辨证分型、治疗方法、疗程、疗效4个方面进行了归纳总结。结论：针灸按摩治疗慢性疲劳综合征具有疗效肯定、无副作用、经济安全的特点。     

阿片成瘾严重程度量表的初步编制与信度测试

目的 :编制阿片成瘾严重程度评定量表 ,并对量表进行信度检验。方法 :参考相关文献自行设计“2 8项阿片成瘾严重程度量表”( 2 8ItemsOpioidAddictionSeverityInventory ,OASI - 2 8) ,对北京市某戒毒治疗机构收治的 6 0例海洛因成瘾者进行结构性访谈。通过小样本预试验 ,采用同质性信度与重测信度对量表进行信度评价。结果 :同质性信度 :除家庭后果一项外 ,其余各因子及量表总的Cronbach’sα系数在 0 .5 2 44～ 0 .8140之间。各症状项目分与总分的相关性除第 1题 (从第一次吸毒时间到成瘾的时间 )、第 15题 (体重变化 )和第 2 1题 (吸毒后工作情况 )外 ,余者的P值均 <0 .0 5。重测信度 :总量表及各因子的重测相关系数介于 0 .476～ 0 .895之间 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :本量表有较好的同质性信度和重测信度。     

CLINICO-PATHOLOGIC CONFERENCE: 12-YEAR-OLD GIRL WITH FATIGUE, ANEMIA, WEIGHT LOSS, ABDOMINAL DISTENTION, AND OCCASIONAL NAUSEA AND VOMITING

A clinicopathologic case is presented. The patient was a 12-year-old white girl with a history of fatigue and dizziness, occasional nausea and vomiting, and anemia, who showed abdominal distention, especially in the epigastrium. An epigastric mass was palpable. Gastroscopy was done, and surgery followed. Pertinent laboratory findings are presented, and clinical discussion follows. The pathology is then presented and discussed.     

Fractographic Examination of Racing Greyhound Central (Navicular) Tarsal Bone Failure Surfaces Using Scanning Electron Microscopy

The greyhound is a fatigue fracture model of a short distance running athlete. Greyhounds have a high incidence of central (navicular) tarsal bone (CTB) fractures, which are not associated with overt trauma. We wished to determine whether these fractures occur because of accumulation of fatigue microdamage. We hypothesized that bone from racing dogs would show site-specific microdamage accumulation, causing predisposition to structural failure. We performed a fractographic examination of failure surfaces from fractured bones using scanning electron microscopy and assessed microcracking observed at the failure surface using a visual analog scale. Branching arrays of microcracks were seen in failure surfaces of CTB and adjacent tarsal bones, suggestive of compressive fatigue failure. Branching arrays of microcracks were particularly prevalent in remodeled trabecular bone that had become compact. CTB fractures showed increased microdamage when compared with other in vivo fractures (adjacent tarsal bone and long bone fractures), and ex vivo tarsal fractures induced by monotonic loading (P < 0.02). It was concluded that greyhound racing and training often results in CTB structural failure, because of accumulation and coalescence of branching arrays of fatigue microcracks, the formation of which appears to be predisposed to adapted bone. Received: 12 November 1999 / Accepted: 10 March 2000     

Use of tactile stiffness to detect fatigue in the latissimus dorsi muscle

In clinical settings, no method has been established to examine the fatigue of a latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) preconditioned for cardiomyoplasty. We examined the feasibility of measuring muscle stiffness (tactile stiffness) to evaluate muscle fatigue in situ using our tactile sensor. We stimulated canine LDM with burst pacing and monitored both stiffness and tension to determine their relationship. In both dissected LDM and LDM in situ, the decrements of these parameters during burst pacing were compared between preconditioned and unconditioned LDM. In measurement in situ, the sensor probe was placed on the LDM through a small incision. Strong statistical correlation was shown between stiffness and tension (r = 0.935). In decrements of stiffness in situ, there were statistically significant differences between preconditioned and unconditioned LDM. Our tactile sensor system can provide an efficient method for evaluating fatigue of muscles in situ without measuring muscle tension.     

The effect of sandblasting treatment on endurance properties of titanium alloy hip prostheses

Sandblasting is a procedure of increasing surface roughness. This treatment is common in the orthopedic field. An increased roughness may affect the endurance limit of the material. This study investigates the effect on the endurance limit of the Ti6Al4V due to two different sandblasting treatments: fine sandblasting and coarse sandblasting. Twenty hip stems, 10 finely sandblasted and 10 coarsely sandblasted, were tested under sinusoidal fluctuating bending. The staircase method was used to estimate the endurance limit of the material. The results show an important reduction in the endurance properties up to 40% for the coarsely sandblasted specimens. The failures of the sandblasted specimens were not due to material defects. Rather, the decreased endurance strength of the sandblasted stems was caused by surface defects, which act as crack initiators. By modulating the roughness with an appropriate sandblasting treatment, it is possible to limit the reduction in the endurance limit of the alloy.     

ABC分类法在医疗用品库存管理中的应用

结合医院库存用品的特点和特殊的经营性质,在阐述重点库存控制-ABC分类法的思想和操作步骤的基础上,提出了该方法在医院实际应用中应该注意的问题.     

An alternative approach for the analyses and interpretation of attachment sort items

Attachment Q-Sort (AQS) is a tool for quantifying observations about toddler/caregiver relationships. Previous studies have applied factor analysis to the full 90 AQS item set to explore the structure underlying them. Here we explore that structure by applying multidimensional scaling (MDS) to judgements of inter-item similarity. AQS items are arranged in the MDS solution along three easily interpretable axes: a model that is compatible with but more parsimonious than factor analysis solutions. This geometrical approach suggests ways to modify the AQS—primarily a research tool—to make it more practical for clinical applications. Sets of AQS data are represented and interpreted in the three-dimensional model as vectors. Summaries at a finer-grained level are obtained by finding points in the model where variability across datasets is greatest. We report re-analyses of archival (published) data, and also data collected with streamlined procedures more suitable in the field. Although not reported here, collection and analysis can both be performed online via a website. The general methodology is not restricted to the current application of toddler attachment.