Quality control of surgical technique in a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled study on the surgical treatment of gastric cancer.

To evaluate the effect of lymph node dissection on gastric cancer patients operated upon with curative intent, we are carrying out a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled study in the Netherlands. The trial compares conventional gastrectomy to gastrectomy with extended lymph node dissection. In the first four months, a Japanese supervisor attended all the extended surgery and instructed many Dutch surgeons, including the eight consulting surgeons; since then, all extended gastrectomies have been attended by one of the consulting surgeons. The study coordinator attended all conventional cases. This assured that the quality of the extended surgery was as good as the Japanese standard, of which excellent results have been reported. To achieve this quality control, randomization before surgery was obligatory for practical reasons. Curability assessment at laparotomy, however, is done quite objectively with histological proof, except for the judgement of irresectability. Although this has resulted in many non-curative cases being randomized but subsequently not given the allocated surgery, the sample size should be sufficient to allow analysis according to randomization or the initial "intention to treat." This is the first protocol for a multicenter trial in surgical oncology to have such excellent surgical quality control and to assure a quality as high as that in the original report with uniformity in the level of technique. In studies comparing surgical techniques, it is vital that attention should be given to surgical quality control, otherwise survival rates may show little improvement and fail to make any impact on surgical practice.     

中医基础理论现状考察论纲

从总体层面扼要回顾了中医基础几十年研究工作状况,总结出目前研究工作7个方面的特征,包括找核心、找特征、找实质、找结合点、找突破口、找切入点、找方法等.提出中医基础理论发展的滞后已成为制约中医药学发展的"瓶颈".针对中医基础理论现状,认为应对理论范畴、研究方向呈现的峰值、研究方法、研究内容分类、研究进展、研究成果、困惑的原因及任务与发展等8个方面进行考察.通过考察为制定本学科的发展规划、把握和调整中医基础理论未来走向、开展课题招标、衡量评估重点学科和学科建设等提供客观依据.     

药学系2004届毕业生就业状况分析

采用问卷形式调查了药学系2004届毕业生的就业状况，分析了专业类别和课程设置对选择就业方向及就业岗位的影响，提出了促进大学生就业的几点建议。     

青州市小儿格林—巴利综合征流行病学特点与临床分析

目的探讨小儿格林-巴利综合征（GBS）病因、发病机制、防治措施。方法对青州市242例GBS患儿进行回顾性流行病学调查、临床观察、免疫学检测及微量元素检测。结果242例GBS患儿52．81％发病年龄为3～6a，75．61％发病时间在7～9月份，98．7％来自农村，年发病数3～40例，52．17％血清抗神经抗体阳性，平均血清锌含量9．12±0．56μmol／L。补锌治疗可促进康复。结论青州市小儿GBS发病年龄、季节、区域、年发病数有明显差异，患儿存在免疫紊乱及微量元素锌缺乏。     

Male mice lacking the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R) display elevated preference for conspecific odors and increased social investigatory behaviors

Previously, we generated gastrin-releasing peptide receptor null mutant mice (GRP-R-deficient mice), and found that these animals displayed increased non-aggressive social responses in an ordinary social interaction test using a resident-intruder method. In the present study, we examined in more detail the social behaviors of GRP-R-deficient male mice. In social interaction tests, GRP-R-deficient mice showed more social responses, such as sniffing and nosing, relative to wild-type mice, and similar results were obtained whether GRP-R-deficient mice served as intruders or residents. In the same way, they showed more contact behaviors toward an anesthetized conspecific, and less locomotor activity than wild-type mice in a social investigation test toward an anesthetized male mouse. Since olfactory systems play important roles in the social behavior of rodents, olfactory preference tests were conducted in order to evaluate the olfactory properties of GRP-R-deficient mice. The results suggest that no differences exist between wild-type mice and GRP-R-deficient mice in the preference between a novel sawdust odor and their own odor, or that of other male mice. However, GRP-R-deficient mice preferred the odor of other male mice to their own, in contrast to wild-type mice. Furthermore, the preferences of GRP-R-deficient and wild-type mice were not disrupted by intraperitoneal infusion of diazepam (1.5 mg/kg). These results indicate that neither the motion, nor the behavior of conspecifics, nor reduced anxiety lead to the increased non-aggressive social responses and/or social investigatory behaviors in GRP-R-deficient mice. Rather, these latter behaviors may be a consequence of altered cognition of conspecific odors in the mutant mice.     

浙江省台州中学学生膳食营养调查

目的:为了正确了解中学生的营养状况,从而指导学生科学用膳,促进学生健康,提高学习质量.方法:以浙江台州中学学生为对象,进行一周的营养膳食调查.结果:经过计算、分析、比较,认为该校学生的蛋白质、热能、钙、维生素A等营养素摄入量不足,且热能来源比例不合理,有待合理调整和安排日常膳食.     

湖南省基层计划免疫工作现状调查分析

目的 了解基层计划免疫工作现状，调查分析工作中存在的主要问题，为改善免疫服务行为、提高预防接种质量提供决策依据。方法 采用按容量比例概率法(PPS法)抽取30个乡镇，对适龄儿童计划免疫疫苗接种质量及基层计划免疫管理、接种单位服务质量进行调查、分析。结果 BCG合格接种率为96．2％，OPV合格接种率为94．1％，DPT合格接种率为92．2％，MV合格接种率为91．7％，“四苗”全程合格接种率为87.1％，乙肝疫苗合格接种率为78.6％；适龄儿童建卡率为94．1％；建证率为76．7％；乡级按要求上报常规免疫报表的占56.6％；乡村医师预防接种能够做到一人一针一管的占77．5％。结论 要通过加大计划免疫经费投入，开展预防接种单位与人员的规范化管理，进行预防接种人员技术培训，在预防接种工作中推广应用自毁型注射器，加强计划免疫督促检查与考核等综合措施来进一步提高全省计划免疫工作质量。     

老年肺结核合并2型糖尿病患者的营养状况调查

目的了解老年肺结核合并2型糖尿病患者的营养状况,探讨该类患者的合理的营养改进建议。方法95例老年肺结核合并2型糖尿病患者分为初治男性、女性组、和复治男性、女性组等4组,选择体质指数(BMI)、血红蛋白(Hb)、总淋巴细胞计数(TLC)、血清白蛋白(ALB)等4项营养指标进行调查分析。结果老年肺结核合并2型糖尿病患者的营养不良发生率为42.1%～86.3%。初治男性、女性组,复治男性、女性组4组TLC均显著低于正常值(P<0.01),初治男性组ALB显著低于正常值下限(P<0.05)。上述4项营养指标在初、复治及男、女性4组间比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05),但复治组Hb、TLC、ALB的异常值的比例显著高于初治组(P<0.05熏P<0.01,P<0.01)。结论老年肺结核合并2型糖尿病患者的初治与复治患者、男性与女性患者的营养状态无明显差别,但复治组贫血、免疫功能低下、低白蛋白血症的发生率较初治组高。总体而言,老年肺结核合并2型糖尿病患者营养不良的发生率较高。     

某集装箱制造企业职业病危害现状调查分析

目的了解集装箱制造企业职业病危害现状。方法采用职业流行病学方法对某集装箱制造企业进行职业病危害现状调查。结果2001～2004年噪声合格率为0%,2001～2003年粉尘合格率低(≤40%),经治理后,2005年工作场所检测点噪声强度合格率为19.15%;电焊烟尘浓度的合格率为85.0%;锰及锰化合物、苯及苯系物浓度的合格率为100%。累计诊断电焊工尘肺13例,发病年龄28.3～40.1岁,发病工龄4.83～14.33年,诊断职业性听力损伤9例,电光性眼炎129例次。结论电焊工尘肺、听力损伤、电光性眼炎是集装箱制造业主要的职业病,应采取有效措施,切实做好职业病预防工作。     

广州市2～12岁儿童睡眠障碍流行病学调查

[目的]了解广州增城市2～12岁儿童睡眠障碍发生率及其影响因素,对防治睡眠障碍的发生提供参考.[方法]2003年9～12月在增城市三个镇随机抽取1 099名儿童,对其家长进行儿童睡眠状况问卷调查.[结果]增城市2～12岁儿童睡眠障碍总发生率22.2%,其中睡眠时打呼噜发生率3.2%、喉头哽咽0.6%、呼吸暂停0.5%、睡眠不安4.6%、张口呼吸2.1%、多汗9.2%、肢体抽动1%、磨牙4.3%、梦话3.9%、梦游0.2%、遗尿3.2%.不同睡眠障碍相关症状发生率存在年龄、城镇差异,而不存在性别差异性.影响儿童睡眠障碍的主要因素包括身高、断奶时间、睡觉姿势、扁桃体炎史、鼻炎史、看护人吸烟史、父亲学历、母亲打鼾史.[结论]广州增城市2～12岁儿童睡眠障碍发生率较高,应引起儿科、儿保工作者及社会和家长的重视.造成儿童睡眠障碍的影响因素主要是家庭环境和躯体疾病,对其防治尚待进一步深入研究.