QUALITATIVE STUDY OF SIALOMUCINS CHANGES DURING N－METHYL－N－NITROSOUREA－INDUCED C OLONIC CARCINOGENESIS IN MICE

ＱＵＡＬＩＴＡＴＩＶＥＳＴＵＤＹＯＦＳＩＡＬＯＭＵＣＩＮＳＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＤＵＲＩＮＧＮ－ＭＥＴＨＹＬ－Ｎ－ＮＩＴＲＯＳＯＵＲＥＡ－ＩＮＤＵＣＥＤＣＯＬＯＮＩＣＣＡＲＣＩＮＯＧＥＮＥＳＩＳＩＮＭＩＣＥＷａｎｇＱｉａｎｇ王强；ＷａｎｇＹｕａｎｈｅ王元和；...     

Clinicopathological implications of immunohistochemically demonstrated mucin core protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma

Methods We examined the expression of mucin core protein 1 (MUC1) immunohistochemically in 186 surgical specimens of histopathologically nonmucinous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and compared the clinicopathological features in patients with MUC1-positive HCC (MUC1-positive group) with those in patients with MUC1-negative HCC (MUC1-negative group). Results MUC1 immunoreactively was present in 85 of the 186 HCCs. Of the clinicopathological variables examined, the serum concentration of α-fetoprotein, tumor differentiation, bile duct invasion, lymph node metastasis, and cytokeratin 19 expression exhibited significant associations with MUC1 expression. Although cumulative and tumor-free survival rates were not different between the two groups, the percentage of patients with first recurrence of HCC in distant organs (distant metastasis) within 2 years after surgery was significantly higher in the MUC1-positive group than in the MUC1-negative group (P = 0.0104). The risk ratio of MUC1 positivity for this type of distant metastasis was 3.156 (95% confidence interval, 1.064–9.358). Conclusions In patients with MUC1-positive HCC, careful follow-up is necessary, not only for intrahepatic recurrence but also for distant metastasis, after the resection of primary HCC.     

Mucus production after transposition of intestinal segments into the urinary tract

Following transposition into the urinary tract, intestinal segments continue to produce mucus and problems related to excessive production do not to diminish with time. Currently, 20 human mucin genes have been described and their protein products partially or fully characterised. As the use of transposed intestinal segments in urology increases, there is now a need for a better understanding of mucins at the gene and protein levels. There is also a need for urologists to be aware of the many complications related to excess mucus production. Whilst effective therapeutic measures to reduce mucus production and its related complications remain elusive, it is now clear that without such effective mucoregulatory agents the quality of life of patients will continue to be less than satisfactory. This review describes the biology of mucus and the problems related to continued production following transposition of intestinal segments into the urinary tract. Difficulties related to quantification of urinary mucus, in addition to the structural and mucin gene changes that occur in transposed segments, are addressed.     

白细胞介素-13对小鼠肺组织粘蛋白基因Muc5ac及EGFR表达的作用

目的　研究白细胞介素 -13 (IL -13 )对小鼠气道粘蛋白基因Muc5ac和表皮生长因子受体 (EGFR)表达的作用。方法　 2 4只雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为对照组和不同剂量IL -13 (包括 5 0ng、10 0ng和 2 5 0ng)处理组 ,每组 6只 ,分别用RT -PCR和免疫组化法检测Muc5acmRNA、Muc5ac和EGFR蛋白的表达。结果　Muc5ac和EGFR蛋白阳性表达细胞均主要位于气道上皮 ,细胞胞浆呈棕黄色。与对照组相比 ,IL -13可以剂量依赖性地促进气道Muc5acmRNA、Muc5ac和EGFR蛋白的表达 (P均 <0 0 1)。结论　IL-13是引起气道粘液过度分泌的重要细胞因子 ,它可能通过活化EGFR导致了上述病变。     

慢性应激对大鼠结肠粘蛋白muc2表达的影响

目的了解慢性应激对大鼠结肠杯状细胞粘液及粘蛋白含量的影响。方法健康成年Wistar大鼠24只,随机分为实验组和对照组,对照组大鼠自由活动,实验组每天置于束缚笼内限制活动2h,持续14d后处死,粘液组化AB/PAS法观察结肠黏膜含粘液杯状细胞的数目、免疫组化方法测定粘蛋白muc2的蛋白表达情况。结果重复应激引起大鼠结肠含粘液杯状细胞数目减少(33.00±6.31vs47.42±8.06)(t=4.878,P<0.01),杯状细胞内粘蛋白muc2蛋白表达减少(0.22±0.03vs0.26±0.02)(t=4.537,P<0.01)。结论慢性应激影响肠黏膜粘液分泌细胞的功能,损伤肠粘液保护屏障。     

地塞米松对哮喘大鼠肺组织Muc5ac蛋白和P物质的影响

目的:研究大鼠支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)模型肺组织Muc5ac蛋白和P物质的分布及地塞米松对其影响。方法:30只清洁级Wistar大鼠随机分成对照组、哮喘组和地塞米松治疗组(简称治疗组),采用免疫组化SP法和计算机图象分析技术检测肺组织中Muc5ac蛋白和P物质的分布。结果:哮喘组肺组织Muc5ac蛋白和P物质(分别1.5100±0.4149,0.39±0.11)表达均较对照组(分别为1.0639±0.2550,0.24±0.19)明显增加(P<0.01),地塞米松治疗后二者均降低(分别为1.1700±0.1947,0.25±0.01),和哮喘组相比(P<0.05)有统计学意义。结论:反复抗原刺激引起气道过敏性炎症,导致气道粘蛋白和P物质的大量产生,加重哮喘气道炎症和气道阻塞,地塞米松可下调Muc5ac蛋白和P物质,对气道粘蛋白高分泌有明显的治疗作用,并能逆转哮喘大鼠气道SP-IR神经纤维到正常分布。     

CT and MRI findings of mucin-containing tumors and pseudotumors of the thorax: pictorial review

Bronchial mucus has tomodensitometric features and MR signal intensity similar to that of water. However, chronic entrapped mucus collections, due to water reabsorption and higher protein content, can have CT attenuation values higher than 20 and reaching even 130 HU. Higher protein concentration also causes a sensible reduction in T1 relaxation time. The demonstration of mucus within a mediastinal, bronchial or pulmonary lesion is an important diagnostic clue permitting remarkable shortening of the list of differential diagnoses. This article illustrates the CT and MR findings allowing correct characterization of the mucus-containing lesions of mediastinum, bronchi, and lung.     

Bradykinin modulates mucin secretion but not synthesis from an intestinal goblet cell line

The effect of the inflammatory mediator bradykinin on glycoprotein synthesis and mucin secretion in the human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line HT29–18N2 was examined. Bradykinin, at a threshold of 0.01 M, accelerated the rate of mucin discharge as assessed by a mucin-specific ELISA. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, a thick meshwork of extracellular mucus was observed over bradykinin-treated monolayers but not mock-treated controls. Morphometric analysis of bradykinin-treated monolayers revealed no decreases in intracellular mucin stores or any other easily discernable morphological alteration. The ability of the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin and naproxen to decrease the response to bradykinin by approximately 68% indicates the effect is mediated, at least partially, through the generation of prostaglandins. Bradykinin did not alter the rate of incorporation of³H-glucosamine into newly synthesized glycoproteins. Bradykinin-accelerated mucin secretion may be linked to the depletion of intracellular mucin stores in the inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis.     

Functional anatomy of human lacrimal duct epithelium

 Resorption of tear fluid in the lacrimal ducts has hitherto been controversial; one reason for this has been insufficient knowledge of the anatomical structure and function of the lacrimal duct epithelium. The present study analyzes the structure of lacrimal duct epithelium by means of histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopical methods and draws a conclusion about its physiological function regarding its role in immunodeficiency. Investigations were performed on 31 lacrimal systems of 17 male and 14 female individuals (aged 54–88 years). Lacrimal ducts are surrounded by a wide-ranging cavernous system, which is embedded in an osseous canal between the maxilla and the lacrimal bone. The internal wall of the lacrimal canaliculi is lined by a stratified epithelium. The lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct contain a double-layered epithelium, which rests on a broad basement membrane. In their apical part epithelial cells contain large lipid droplets and secretory vacuoles. Epithelial cells are faced by microvilli and some tufts of kinociliae are also visible. Goblet cells are integrated in the epithelium as solitary cells or in a characteristical arrangement of several cells. The secretory product of these cells contains carbohydrates including fucose and sialic acid. Inside the surrounding cavernous system serous glands are found that open their excretory ducts into the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct. Some T- and B-lymphocytes and macrophages may be demonstrated immunohistochemically in the submucosa partly penetrating the epithelium. Synthesized mucins of goblet cells form a specialized protective layer on the epithelium of the lacrimal ducts, which functionally serves for a simplified drainage of tear fluid into the inferior meatus of the nose. Together with immunocompetent cells, the protective layer plays a role in antigen defense and prevents invasion of pathogenic agents. The facing of epithelial cells by microvilli gives hints of reabsorption of lacrimal fluid inside the lacrimal ducts. Accepted: 13 January 1998     

GM-CSF对抗原化抗体基因免疫TH细胞应答的调节作用

目的研究GM-CSF(粒-单核巨噬细胞集落刺激因子)与抗原化抗体联合基因免疫时,GM-CSF对TH细胞应答的调节作用。方法在编码免疫球蛋白重链的质粒中分别克隆黏蛋白1(MUC1)中特异性PDTRP抗原表位和GM-CSF编码基因,构建含PDTRP和GM-CSF编码基因的抗原化抗体表达重组体。经脾免疫和肌肉加强的方式免疫BALB／c小鼠。采用ELISA方法检测小鼠血清中特异性抗体的水平及其亚类并动态观察;RT-PCR方法检测TH细胞分化中细胞因子和转录因子的表达水平。结果抗原化抗体基因免疫能诱导机体产生免疫应答。GM-CSF增强抗原化抗体基因免疫诱生的抗PDTRP特异性IgG抗体水平并且伴随IgG1／IgG2a显著性升高,同时可增强淋巴细胞TH2型细胞因子及转录因子(IL-4、GATA-3)mRNA的表达水平。结论GM-CSF在增强抗原化抗体基因免疫诱导的免疫应答的同时使得免疫应答向TH2方向偏移。