Phase Formation during Heating of Amorphous Nickel-Based BNi-3 for Joining of Dissimilar Cobalt-Based Superalloys

Phase transformations and the melting range of the interlayer BNi-3 were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, which showed three stages of crystallization during heating. There were three exothermic peaks that indicated crystallization in the solid state. The cobalt-based X-45 and FSX-414 superalloys were bonded with interlayer BNi-3 at a constant holding time of 10 min with bonding temperatures of 1010, 1050, 1100, and 1150 °C using a vacuum diffusion brazing process. Examination of microstructural changes in the base metals with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray spectroscopy based on the energy distribution showed that increasing temperature caused a solidification mode, such that the bonding centerline at 1010 °C/10 min included a γ-solid solution, Ni₃B, Ni₆Si₂B, and Ni₃Si. The athermally solidified zone of the transient liquid phase (TLP)-bonded sample at 1050 °C/10 min involved a γ-solid solution, Ni₃B, CrB, Ni₆Si₂B, and Ni₃Si. Finally, isothermal solidification was completed within 10 min at 1150 °C. The diffusion-affected zones on both sides had three distinct zones: a coarse block precipitation zone, a fine and needle-like mixed-precipitation zone, and a needle-like precipitation zone. By increasing the bonding temperature, the diffusion-affected zone became wider and led to dissolution.     

基于CBCT下颞下颌关节造影的关节盘穿孔与髁突骨质改变相关性研究

目的:探讨颞下颌关节盘穿孔与髁突骨质改变的相关性。方法:随机选取224例于我院因颞下颌关节紊乱病行CBCT下颞下颌关节上腔造影患者,根据造影结果,将患者分为4组,分别为关节盘穿孔伴髁突骨质改变组、关节盘穿孔而髁突骨质未改变组及关节盘未穿孔且髁突骨质未改变组、关节盘未穿孔而髁突骨质有改变组,探讨颞下颌关节盘穿孔与髁突骨质改变的相关性。结果:颞下颌关节盘穿孔与髁突骨质改变有显著相关性(OR=21.28,P<0.05)。其中在不同类型的髁突骨质改变中,髁突骨质增生与关节盘穿孔相关性最大(OR=4.22,P<0.05)。结论:颞下颌关节盘穿孔与髁突骨质改变有显著相关性,且髁突骨质增生最易伴发关节盘穿孔。但关节盘穿孔与髁突骨质改变发生的先后顺序还有待进一步研究。     

我国药品上市后变更的监管思路

变更贯穿于药品全生命周期,药品上市后变更对药品安全性、有效性和质量可能带来风险,是各国监管机构关注的重点.建立基于风险的、适合我国国情的上市后变更管理制度对保障临床用药安全和促进产业发展具有重要意义.本文回顾我国药品上市后变更管理的历史沿革,分析当前我国在持有人变更、生产场地变更等方面的监管思路及相关要求,以期对我国药...     

听觉剥夺后大鼠听皮层神经元的形态学变化和SHP-2基因的表达

目的研究双侧耳蜗毁损后大鼠听皮层神经元细胞的形态学变化和蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶2型（src-homology domain containing protein tygosine phosphatase type 2,SHP -2）基因的表达。方法选取SD大鼠48只,随机分为4个实验组（2周组、4周组、6周组、8周组）和4个相应的对照组,每组6只。实验组动物行双侧耳蜗损毁术,通过HE染色和Nissl染色观察听皮层神经元细胞的形态学变化,用RT -PCR技术检测各组听皮层神经元细胞的SHP-2基因的表达,行相对定量分析。结果 HE染色和Nissl染色可见各实验组大鼠听皮层神经元细胞的凋亡形态随时间延长而加重,呈多样化表现;各对照组大鼠听皮层细胞形态正常。实验2、4、6、8周组SHP-2基因的RT -PCR相对表达量分别为1．1±0．28、1．5±0．04、2．5±0．08、11．0±0．06,随时间延长呈上升趋势,各实验组之间差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论听觉剥夺可导致听皮层神经元细胞凋亡,凋亡的程度随时间延长逐渐加重;SHP-2基因可促进听皮层神经元细胞的增生,增生的程度也随时间延长而加重;在这两个相互拮抗的因素中,凋亡是最终的结果。     

中药炮制研究的思路与方法——以地黄的炮制研究为例

中药炮制是中医药的特色和优势,也是最具我国自主知识产权的学科之一.中药炮制研究是连接中医学和中药学的桥梁,也是制约中药现代化的关键节点.目前大部分中药的炮制机制尚不明确,有待进行系统深入的研究.地黄炮制前后药性发生显著变化,临床应用也各不相同,其炮制过程中发生了复杂的化学变化.近年来,国内外专家对地黄炮制过程化学成分变化及其机制进行了深入研究,取得了系列研究成果,这些研究思路和方法为中药炮制研究提供了借鉴,也为中药炮制研究提供了重要示范.     

经气法时中医外治法及其应用探讨

中医外治法具有作用迅速、疗效显著等多种优点,但其理论系统的相对滞后,在一定程度上限制了该疗法的进一步发展。笔者在多年临证实践基础上,提出经气法时中医外治法的概念,认为不同年运及主客气的更替变化,对人体经气运行会产生影响。并根据此理论,针对人体经络所产生的相应气血运行变化及功能偏颇,应时而治,应时辰、运气规律而调经气,补虚泻实,达到和调气血阴阳,调体质之偏颇的目的。     

子宫内膜厚度动态变化与IVF-ET妊娠结局的相关性研究

目的:探讨体外受精/卵泡浆内单精子注射技术(IVF/ICSI)卵巢刺激周期中子宫内膜厚度的动态变化与体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)妊娠结局的相关性。方法:回顾性分析2010年1～12月该中心行IVF-ET治疗的1 757例长方案降调周期患者的资料,比较妊娠组和非妊娠组IVF/ICSI刺激周期3个不同节点(降调后Gn启动日,用Gn第6天,HCG注射日)子宫内膜厚度及其变化对IVF-ET临床妊娠结局的影响。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析可能影响妊娠结局的相关因素。结果:妊娠组用Gn第6天子宫内膜厚度,HCG注射日子宫内膜厚度均显著高于非妊娠组,差异有统计学意义。而降调后Gn启动日子宫内膜厚度两组间差异无统计学意义。和降调日子宫内膜厚度相比,妊娠组用Gn第6天内膜增加值(即Gn刺激早期内膜厚度变化值)明显高于非妊娠组,差异有统计学意义。进入Logistic回归模型的相关因素为Gn刺激早期内膜厚度变化(OR=1.136,95%CI=1.078～1.197),胚胎评分(OR=1.093,95%CI=1.052～1.135),HCG日P值(OR=0.747,95%CI=0.623～0.895)及年龄(OR=0.965,95%CI=0.940～0.990),P均<0.05。Gn刺激早期内膜厚度变化与妊娠结局成显著正相关(P<0.05),且对妊娠结局影响最大。结论:在IVF-ET长方案降调节周期中,Gn刺激早期子宫内膜厚度变化可以更好地预测IVF-ET妊娠结局。     

Food Availability en Route to School and Anthropometric Change in Urban Children

This study examined food availability along children’s paths to and from elementary school, and associations with change in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference over 1 year. Secondary data from 319 children aged 8–13 years from the “Multiple Opportunities to Reach Excellence” Project was used. Child anthropometry and demographic variables were obtained at baseline (2007) and 1 year follow-up. Food outlet locations (n = 1,410) were obtained from the Baltimore City Health Department and validated by ground-truthing. Secondary data on healthy food availability within select food stores in Baltimore City in 2007 were obtained via a validated food environment assessment measure, the Nutrition Environments Measures Study. Multilevel models were used to examine associations between availability of healthy food and number of various food outlets along paths to school and child anthropometric change over 1 year. Controlling for individual-, neighborhood-, and school-level characteristics, results indicated that higher healthy food availability within a 100 m buffer of paths to school was associated with 0.15 kg/m² lower BMI gain (p = 0.015) and 0.47 cm smaller waist circumference gain (p = 0.037) over 1 year. Although prior research has illuminated the importance of healthy food choices within school and home environments, the current study suggests that exposure to the food environment along paths to school should be further explored in relation to child health outcomes.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11524-012-9785-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.     

活血养心汤治疗稳定型心绞痛疗效观察

目的：探讨活血养心汤治疗稳定型心绞痛的临床疗效。方法：从我院2009年1月-2012年1月收治的稳定型心绞痛患者中,选取72例作为本次资料研究对象,将其分为两组,进行对比治疗。结果：采用活血养心汤治疗的36例观察组中,总有效率达到了88．9％,而采用西药治疗的36例对照组患者中,总有效率达到了86．1％。治疗后观察组心电图变化总有效率达到了83.3％,对照组80．6％。结论：活血养心汤在改善患者心肌缺血缺氧、缓解稳定心绞痛症状方面效果显著,治疗稳定型心绞痛疗效可靠。