Comparative cardiovascular effects of SNP,ATP and phentolamine during norepinephrine-induced hypertension in dogs

There has been no study comparing the advantage and disadvantage of various antihypertensive agents during surgery for pheochromocytomas because the study is difficult in clinical setting. In the present experiments using dogs, after increasing the arterial blood pressure with norepinephrine, we decreased it to the baseline with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), or phentolamine (PE) and compared the hemodynamic changes. A hyperdynamic state was found with ATP and with PE, but not with SNP. The norepinephrine-induced pulmonary hypertension could be successfully treated with SNP, but not with ATP or PE. The reason for these differences are thought to be the different vasodilative properties on peripheral arteries and veins. We conclude that agents that dilates the arteries and veins should be used to regulate the arterial pressure during surgical removal of a pheochromocytoma.(Murata K, Takahashi H, Ikeda K: Comparative cardiovascular effects of SNP, ATP and phentolamine during norepinephrine-induced hypertension in dogs. J Anesth 5: 396–403, 1991)     

Administration of obidoxime tablets to man

Twenty-four male volunteers were given obidoxime tablets in quantities ranging from 1.84–3.58 g in a single dose, or 7.36 g divided into 4 equal doses. With the lowest dose, average peak plasma level of the drug was 1.9 g/ml and after the highest single dose it was 5.6 g/ml, both attained 1.5 h after administration. In the multiple-dosed individuals, plasma levels of the oxime increased gradually following each additional dose, reaching a peak of 3.5 g/ml after the last dose.Thirteen individuals complained of one or more of the following side effects: pallor, nausea, pyrosis, headache, generalized weakness, sore throat, and paresthesia of the face muscles.Activities of blood cholinesterase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, as well as hematocrit values, heart rate, and blood pressure were not affected.It is postulated that due to the undesirable side effects, the general use of obidoxime tablets should not be recommended. However, prophylactic oral treatment with obidoxime could be considered for persons at high risk of organophosphate poisoning or when parenteral administration might not be feasible.     

HPLC法测定冠心通络片中橙皮苷的含量

目的:建立冠心通络片中橙皮苷含量的测定方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为HypersilODSC18(5μm,4.6mm×100mm);流动相为甲醇-5%醋酸溶液(30∶70);检测波长为283nm;柱温为30℃;流速为1.0mL/min。结果:橙皮苷在419.2～2096μg(r=0.9998,n=5)范围内呈良好的线性关系;平均回收率98.71%;RSD为1.13%。结论:本法检测快速,定量准确,可用于冠心通络片的定量分析。     

The effect of sodium thiosulfate on ototoxicity and pharmacokinetics after cisplatin treatment in guinea pigs

The effect of sodium thiosulfate (STS) on the pharmacokinetics and ototoxicity of cisplatin (CDDP) was investigated in guinea pigs. Animals received three intramuscular injections of 7.5 mg/kg CDDP separated by intervals of 5 days with or without STS (1,000 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally immediately and 1 h after each injection of CDDP or 3 and 6 h later. When administered alone, CDDP caused total outer hair cell (OHC) loss in the basal and second turns of the cochlea. In the group administered CDDP and STS, damage to the OHCs was mild when STS was given concurrently, but was severe when STS was given 3 and 6 h later. Pharmacokinetics measured as free and total platinum (Pt) concentrations in plasma and total Pt concentration in perilymph was not affected after administration of STS with CDDP. These results suggest that an inactive Pt-thiosulfate complex is formed in plasma and is measured as a free Pt component which enters the perilymph via the blood-cochlear barrier. Two possible mechanisms are proposed by which STS reduces ototoxicity: entry of CDDP into target cells such as OHCs and striai marginal cells or binding to intracellular macromolecules of these cells is prevented.     

奇星新雪丹片对治疗小儿急性咽炎临床观察

奇星新雪丹片治疗中医诊断为喉痹（肺胃实热）、西医诊断为急性咽炎50例患儿疗效观察，结果：该药平均退热时间为57．3±24．89h，治愈率为68％，有效率为100％。结论：奇星新雪丹片对中医诊断为喉痹（肺胃实热），西医诊断为急性咽炎的疗效肯定，其临床结果与药理实验一致。     

复方七芍降压片治疗高血压病的临床研究

目的:探讨复方七芍降压片(三七,白芍,天麻等)治疗高血压病的临床疗效及作用机制.方法:采用随机单盲对照法设置治疗组与对照组,治疗组服用复方七芍降压片,对照组服用卡托普利.观察两组治疗前后血浆神经肽Y(NPY)的变化及血小板聚集率的变化.结果:两组均能降低血压及血浆NPY的含量,但无统计学意义;治疗组中医证候总有效率优于对照组;治疗组可降低血浆FIB的含量及改善血小板聚集率,治疗前后自身比较有统计学意义,而对照组则不显著.结论:复方七芍降压片对高血压病有较好的临床疗效且无明显毒副反应.     

Effect of a neuronal sodium channel blocker on magnetic resonance derived indices of brain water content during global cerebral ischemia

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) with calculation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water is a widely used noninvasive method to measure movement of water from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment during cerebral ischemia. Lamotrigine, a neuronal Na(+) channel blocker, has been shown to attenuate the increase in extracellular concentrations of excitatory amino acids (EAA) during ischemia and to improve neurological and histological outcome. Because of its proven ability to reduce EAA levels during ischemia, lamotrigine should also minimize excitotoxic-induced increases in intracellular water content and therefore attenuate changes in the ADC. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of lamotrigine on intra- and extracellular water shifts during transient global cerebral ischemia. Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits were anesthetized and randomized to one of three groups: a control group, a lamotrigine-treated group, or a sham group. After being positioned in the bore of the magnet, a 12-min 50-s period of global cerebral ischemia was induced by inflating a neck tourniquet. During ischemia and early reperfusion there was a similar and significant decrease of the ADC in both the lamotrigine and control group. The ADC in the sham ischemia group remained at baseline throughout the experiment. Lamotrigine-mediated blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels did not prevent the intracellular movement of water during 12 min 50 s of global ischemia, as measured by the ADC, suggesting that the ADC decline may not be mediated by voltage-gated sodium influx and glutamate release.     

A possible role for nerve growth factor in the augmentation of sodium channels in models of chronic pain

Inflammation induces an upregulation of sodium channels in sensory neurons. This most likely occurs as a result of the retrograde transport of cytochemical mediators released during the inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the subcutaneous administration of one such mediator, nerve growth factor (NGF), on the production of sodium channels in neurons of the rat dorsal root ganglion. For this, hindpaw withdrawal from either a thermal or mechanical stimulus was measured in rats at selected intervals for up to 2 weeks following injections of NGF. Sodium channel augmentation was then examined in dorsal root ganglia using site-specific, anti-sodium channel antibodies. Both thermal and mechanical allodynia was observed between 3 and 12 h post-injection. The hyperalgesic response returned to baseline by approximately 24 h post-injection. Sodium channel labeling was found to increase dramatically in the small neurons of the associated dorsal root ganglia beginning at 23 h, reached maximum intensity by 1 week, and persisted for up to 3 months post-injection. Pre-blocking NGF with anti-NGF prevented the NGF-induced decrease in paw withdrawal latencies and significantly reduced the intensity of sodium channel labeling. The results indicate that NGF is an important mediator both in the development of acute hyperalgesia and in the stimulation of sodium channel production in dorsal root ganglia during inflammation.     

Directed sampling for electrolyte analysis and water content of micro-punch samples shows large differences between normal and ischemic rat brain cortex

Changes in sodium, potassium, and water content in brain tissue are important in the progression of pathology that follows ischemic stroke. Determining these parameters regionally in rodent models of experimental ischemia has been limited because typical tissue weights of more than 35 mg are too large. Identifying ischemic tissue to direct tissue sampling towards ischemic cortex is also represents a difficult generally unresolved area. We suggest that larger differences between normal and ischemic cortex of sodium, potassium, and water content than previously observed can be obtained from directed sampling of 2-mg brain tissue in a model of focal cerebral ischemia. In five rats, the middle cerebral artery and both common carotid arteries were occluded for 4.9+/-0.13 h (mean+/-SEM). Punch-sampling of 1-mm diameter tissue cores for water content (H(2)O%) by the wet-dry method, and [Na(+)] and [K(+)] by flame photometry, was guided by the observation of a subtle change in the surface reflectivity of ischemic cortex of quickly dried, 20-microm frozen brain sections, that was confirmed by MAP2 immunohistochemistry. The ratio of the lesion areas as determined by the reflective change and MAP2 immunoreactivity was 0.96+/-0.03 (n=5). In ischemic cortex H(2)O% was 79.9%+/-0.8%, [Na(+)] was 550+/-25 mEq/kg dry-weight, and [K(+)] 94.2+/-19.2 mEq/kg dry-weight (n=5), all significantly different from the values in border zone cortex, and in cortex contralateral to ischemic cortex and border zone (for all samples n=60, mean wet weight 2.037+/-0.046 mg). Differences between ischemic and normal cortex were 5.4+/-1.1%, 317+/-21 mEq/kg dry-weight, -304+/-27 mEq/kg dry-weight (n=5) for H(2)O%, [Na(+)], and [K(+)]. These differences between ischemic and normal cortex are 1.4-2.5, 1-3.11, and 1.4-3.5 times greater, respectively, than previous results obtained using samples weighing 35 mg or more. These results extend the association of sodium and potassium with ischemic brain edema in the rodent model, and show that these classical measurements can keep pace with the regionality of histochemical and morphological methods.     

正清风痛宁缓释片治疗类风湿关节炎60例疗效观察

2003年1月～2005年8月,我们使用正清风痛宁缓释片治疗类风湿关节炎(rheumatoidarthritis,RA)60例,并以甲氨蝶呤作为对照药物,现将结果报道如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料2003年1月～2005年8月,共收集我院门诊诊断为RA的患者120例,符合美国风湿病协会1987年RA分类标准[1],且至少3