地塞米松对结核性脑膜炎患者单核细胞TLR4 MyD88表达的影响

目的分析地塞米松治疗结核性脑膜炎患者的临床疗效及对单核细胞TLR4、MyD88表达的影响。方法 60例结核性脑膜炎患者分为观察组和对照组,观察组36例给予常规抗结核联合地塞米松治疗,对照组仅给予抗结核治疗,分析临床疗效及2组患者外周血单核细胞TLR4、MyD88的表达。结果联合治疗组总有效率为91.67%,显著优于对照组(χ2=5.17,P0.05);地塞米松治疗能够显著降低TLR4、MyD88的表达水平。结论抗结核治疗联合地塞米松能显著提高治疗有效率,TLR4-MyD88通路在地塞米松治疗结核性脑膜炎过程中有重要作用。     

三氧化二砷抑制血管平滑肌细胞及单核细胞肿瘤坏死因子-α启动子活性（英文）

目的探讨三氧化二砷（As2O3）对血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）及THP-1单核细胞体外转染的TNF-α基因启动子活性的调控作用。方法利用虫荧光素酶（luciferase）报告基因系统,构建含有人类TNF-α基因启动子的质粒DNA,经阳离子脂质体转染体外培养的VSMCs及THP-1,以LPS及Ang Ⅱ刺激并经不同浓度的As2O3处理后,通过检测luciferase的活性来观察启动子活性的变化。结果本实验发现：TNF-α启动子在VSMCs及THP-1中可高效稳定地表达,分别为阳性对照（CMV启动子）的58.3%和80.9%;而经LPS及Ang Ⅱ刺激的VSMCs和THP-1中,TNF-α启动子活性呈现明显上调（P〈0.05）。VSMCs中2-8μmol·L^-1、THP-1中1-4μmol·L^-1的As2O3对未受诱导的TNF-α启动子有抑制作用,更可显著抑制经LPS及Ang Ⅱ刺激后上调表达的TNF-α启动子活性,并呈剂量依赖关系（P〈0.05）。结论以上结果提示,As2O3对TNF-α启动子转录活性的抑制,提示其对促炎细胞因子在转录水平的潜在抑制作用及心血管系统中的潜在抗炎作用。     

四种不同来源的树突状细胞的性能比较研究

目的:探讨正常人外周血单按细胞、肿瘤患者外周血单按细胞、脐带血CD34^ 细胞、非淋巴细胞白血病细胞来源的树突状细胞性能差异。方法：分别利用正常人及肿瘤患者的外周血分离单个核细胞，黏附贴壁法收集单核细胞，在GM-CSF、IL-4及TNF-α细胞因子组合下诱导树突状细胞；脐带血细胞则利用MACS系统分离纯化CD34^ 细胞作为树突状细胞的前体细胞，培养体系为FL SCF GM-CSF IL-4 TNF-α；非淋巴细胞白血病细胞作为树突状细胞的前体细胞培养条件同CD34^ 细胞。流式细胞仅分析诱导细胞的表型，电镜分析细胞形态。结果：利用4种不同来源的前体细胞在不同细胞因子组合下可分别诱导出DC细胞，细胞CD1a，CD80，HLA-DR的表达较诱导分化前明显上调．细胞形态学表明4种细胞来源的DC均有较典型的DC细胞形态，并均可刺激同种异体T细胞的增生。结论：利用健康人或肿瘤患者外周血可成功诱导出树突状细胞，利用脐血CD34^ 细胞及部分非淋巴细胞白血病原代细胞也可体外诱生出树突状细胞，不同来源的树突状细胞在形态及初步功能上无明显区别。     

Failure of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series to resorb bone

Summary Monocytes, peritoneal macrophages, inflammatory polykaryons, and myeloid cell lines were incubated on slices of human cortical bone and assessed for their capacity to resorb bone by scanning electron microscopy. None of these cell types, mononuclear or multinucleate, induced any detectable change in the bone surface, even after prolonged incubation, and even in the presence of macrophage activators. These findings emphasise the inadequacies of mononuclear phagocytes as surrogate osteoclasts, and expose a discrepancy between⁴⁵Ca release and bone resorption.     

Origin of macrophages in traumatic lesions and Wallerian degeneration in peripheral nerves

Summary The origin of the macrophages in peripheral nerves was investigated in newborn rabbits after labelling the blood monocytes with intravenous carbon suspensions.Carbon labelled lipid macrophages were observed at the site of trauma in the nerves but not in areas of Wallerian degeneration. It is suggested that in Wallerian degeneration, resorption of degenerate tissue is performed by endogenous cells only, while in traumatic lesions part of the phagocytosis is performed by migrated monocytes. The early increase in vascular permeability in traumatic lesions may be a prerequisite for the attraction of the monocytes.     

Isolation of human monocytes by ficoll density gradient centrifugation

Summary The separation of human blood monocytes by a two step density gradient centrifugation using Ficoll is reported. From 10 ml venous blood 0.5×10⁶ monocytes could be harvested with a purity of 72 ± 11%. Cells characteristics typical of monocytes (positive -naphthylesterase staining, phagocytosis of polyacrylic acid beads, antigen presenting, adherence on plastic surfaces) confirmed the identity and the intact function of these cells.Supported by the Stiftung Volkswagenwerk (Az I 35 229)     

氯化镧拮抗内毒素效应的小鼠体内研究

目的　探讨氯化镧对内毒素 (LPS)体内效应的拮抗作用 ,寻找新的有效内毒素拮抗剂 ,为防治内毒素血症提供实验依据。方法　 (1)观察不同方式给予氯化镧处理对半数致死量LPS(17 5mg/kg)攻击小鼠的死亡率的影响。 (2 )观察氯化镧对LPS(12 5mg/kg)攻击后小鼠血浆肿瘤坏死因α(TNFα)及肝脏TNFαmRNA表达水平的变化、胸腺细胞凋亡状况、肝肺的病理损伤状况的影响。结果　 (1)经 5、10、2 0mg/kg氯化镧处理的半数致死量LPS攻击小鼠的死亡率分别为 0、0和 8% ,明显低于对照组的死亡率 (6 7% ) (P <0 0 1)。 10mg/kg氯化镧预防性给药 ,半数致死量LPS攻击小鼠后死亡率为 2 0 % ,明显低于对照组死亡率 (5 5 % ) (P <0 0 5 )。 (2 )经氯化镧处理的内毒素血症小鼠血浆TNFα含量为 0 4 4± 0 2 15ng/ml,肝组织TNF αmRNA表达量为 (3 9± 0 6 )× 10 5拷贝 / μgRNA ,明显低于内毒素血症小鼠 [0 99± 0 2 4ng/ml,(1 9± 0 3)× 10 7拷贝 / μgRNA],P <0 0 0 1;经氯化镧处理的内毒素血症小鼠胸腺细胞DNA片段百分率为 30 35 %± 6 4 2 % ,明显低于未处理小鼠(5 5 38%± 3 88% ) (P <0 0 0 1) ;内毒素血症小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡百分率为 15 5 6 %± 0 5 9% ,明显高于氯化镧处理小鼠 (6 0 5 %± 0 71% ) (P <     

VEGF-mediated inflammation precedes angiogenesis in adult brain

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to induce angiogenesis when infused continuously into adult rat brain tissue. In addition, VEGF has been shown to enhance permeability in brain vasculature. Adult rats were continuously infused with mouse VEGF into neocortex for up to 7 days. We studied the development of VEGF-induced vasculature in rat neocortex and evaluated the temporal expression of a wide variety of markers for inflammation and vascular leak in relation to the angiogenic response using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. We report here that VEGF-mediated inflammation in brain is characterized by upregulation of ICAM-1 and the chemokine MIP-1alpha, as well as a preferential extravasation of monocytes. VEGF causes a dramatic breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, which is characterized by decreased investment of the vasculature with astroglial endfeet. Perivascular cells, in contrast, increase around the newly formed cerebrovasculature. In addition, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, leukocyte extravasation, and extracellular matrix deposition occur before vascular proliferation. Furthermore, administration of low doses of VEGF induces permeability and inflammation without appreciable vascular proliferation.     

Immune Reactions after Trauma

Abstract Activation of the immune system for wound healing following accidental trauma is a well-studied phenomenon. The reaction comprises both the cellular and humoral systems. The various steps in the reaction are all temporally defined and influence each other. The main cells involved are polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN), monocytes, and lymphocytes. They interact and adhere to the endothelium via adhesion molecules such as L-selectin and ICAM-1. The humoral mediators discussed in this review are tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) and its receptors, interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-10 and interferon- (IFN-). The kinetics of the cells appearing and of the cytokines are discussed. The actions of these players are reviewed along with the most recent literature. Furthermore, we attempt to elucidate causal relationships. The immune system can be hyper- or hypoactive. Both exaggerated pro- and antiinflammatory reactions may have the same endpoint: multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). This knowledge should be used to meticulously monitor the patients immunologic status. Depending on the state, hyper- or hypoinflammatory, the treatment should comprise anti-inflammatory and immune-restoring properties, respectively. What is decisive to survival is timely, adequate management based on the individual patients status.     

激活诱导细胞死亡在乙型肝炎发病机制中的意义

目的　研究激活诱导细胞死亡 (AICD)在乙型肝炎发病机制中的意义。方法　分离 10名健康献血员的外周血单个核细胞 (PBMC) ,设置加HBVDNA阳性血清组与加健康人血清对照组(HBVDNA阴性血清组 ) ,在体外培养 72h ,采用碘化丙啶染色法经流式细胞仪检测凋亡情况并相互比较 ;分离 14例慢性乙型肝炎、6例慢性重型乙型肝炎患者与 10例健康献血员PBMC ,在植物血凝素刺激下培养 72h ,采用碘化丙啶染色法经流式细胞仪检测凋亡情况并相互比较。结果　加HBVDNA阳性血清组培养PBMC凋亡率高于加健康人血清组培养细胞凋亡率 [(39 5 6± 7 0 3) %vs(2 7 5 7± 7 78) % ,P <0 0 5 ]。慢性乙型肝炎组PBMC凋亡率 [(30 5 7± 13 4 3) % ]高于正常对照组PBMC凋亡率 [(11 4 5± 5 2 7) % ,P <0 0 1],高于慢性重型乙型肝炎组PBMC凋亡率 [(13 5 9±6 4 4 ) % ,P <0 0 1]。结论　HBV感染可能具有诱导PBMC凋亡的能力 ,AICD可能是形成HBV慢性感染免疫耐受的一个重要机制。