湿润烧伤膏与磺胺嘧啶银霜在烧伤创面修复中的疗效比较

目的：比较湿润烧伤膏（MEBO）暴露再生疗法与磺胺嘧啶银霜（SD—Ag霜）抗炎疗法在修复烧伤创面中的疗效。方法：选择2008年10月～2010年12月我院不同原因、不同分度、于伤后0．5～12．0h入院的60例烧伤患者．随机分为两组,观察组30例患者烧伤创面采用MEBO暴露再生疗法,对照组30例患者采用磺胺嘧啶银霜抗炎治疗。观察两组不同深度烧伤创面的愈合时间、感染发生率、手术植皮例数及瘢痕发生率。结果：两组患者第3、6、9、12天创面愈合率差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）;观察组平均创面愈合时间为（16．20±5．47）d,对照组为（20．50±5．24）d。两组比较差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）;观察组瘢痕发生率为30．0％,对照组为56．7％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组5例患者需手术植皮,对照组13例患者需手术植皮,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组感染发生率为20．0％,对照组为26．7％,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：在治疗烧伤创面修复中,美宝湿润烧伤膏暴露再生疗法优于磺胺嘧啶银霜抗炎疗法,不仅能明显缩短创面愈合时间,提高创面愈合率,还能降低瘢痕发生率,减少手术植皮患者比例。     

浸膏一次性流化床制粒工艺研究

提出了以大剂量浸膏直接作为粘合剂,采用流化床制备中药颗粒的工艺,论述了该工艺的控制要点,分析了该工艺和原工艺对颗粒及其制品的质量影响.     

Self-Reported Moisture or Mildew in the Homes of Head Start Children with Asthma is Associated with Greater Asthma Morbidity

This study used results from a cross-sectional survey of parents of 3- to 5-year-old children with asthma to assess the frequency of self-reported home environmental conditions that could contribute to worsening asthma and examined the relationship between these factors and the child's asthma morbidity. Participants were 149 parents drawn from the two largest agencies that provide subsidized preschool childcare services in East and Central Harlem, inner-city communities with high prevalence of asthma. The sample represented 77% of eligibles determined by a validated case-identification instrument. Data were collected on demographics, symptoms, medication use, Emergency Department visits and hospitalization, and environmental conditions in the home. One or more of these home environmental conditions were reported by 92% of participants. Controlling for other environmental conditions and demographics, associations were found between self-reported presence of moisture or mildew on ceilings, walls, or windows and higher frequency of hospitalizations for breathing-related problems (OR = 3.31; 95% CI 1.62–6.75), frequent episodes of wheezing (OR = 3.25; 95% CI 1.8–6.0), and higher frequency of night symptoms due to asthma (OR = 2.19; 95% CI 1.4–3.41). Having a carpet or rug in the child's bedroom or the living room was also associated with hospitalizations (OR = 3.23; 95% CI 1.53–6.8), and male gender was marginally associated with the frequency of night symptoms (OR = 1.51; 95% CI .95–2.4). Asthma is prevalent in the Head Start population, and exposure to home environmental conditions that may worsen asthma is common in the socially disadvantaged populations served by Head Start programs. Drs. Bonner PhD, Matte and Fagan and Ms. Andreopoulus are with the Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies (CUES) of the New York Academy of Medicine.     

卧床患者皮肤接触面压疮的预防护理

目的探讨卧床患者皮肤皱褶处及皮肤夹角接触面压疮的预防护理。方法选择100例急诊重症监护摩患者,按照信封法随机分为2组,各50例。对照组采用常规护理方法,每2小时协助患者更换体位,保持床单位清洁无渣屑,每日晨晚间对患者的皮肤褶皱处、肢体与躯干的连接夹角处的皮肤表面擦拭干净,使用减压设备;观察组在常规护理方法基础上采用无菌纱布隔开接触面皮肤受压部位,以减少患者皮肤皱褶、肢体与躯干连接夹角处的皮肤接触面静摩擦力、降低潮湿度的皮肤护理方法,比较2绀的压疮发生率。结果观察组50例患者l例发生压疮,发生率为2．0％,对照组50例患者18例发生压疮,发生率为36．0％,明显高于观察组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论这种减小皮肤铍褶处、肢体与躯十连接的夹角处皮肤之间静摩擦力的护理方法解决了临床长期未解决的患者皮肤皱褶处压疮皮肤护理难点,且具有很好的临床护理效果,成本低,操作简便。     

直接干燥法测定牛肉中水分含量的不确定度评定

目的为确定直接干燥法测定牛肉中水分含量的不确定度,并建立完善的该法测量水分含量的不确定度评定方法。方法利用GB 5009.3-2010《食品中水分的测定》中常压直接加热干燥法对牛肉中的水分进行了反复测量与评定。实验中,通过建立相应的数学模型对该水分含量测量的不确定度主要来源进行系统计算,分析。结果该法测定牛肉水分含量的扩展不确定度为u=0.35%（k=2）。结论测量重复性引入的A类不确定度对水分含量测量结果不确定度的贡献要比B类不确定度大。     

两种维生素E乳剂保湿性的比较

目的了解维生素E乳喷雾剂的保湿效果及患者的依从性,与对照乳液比较,评价其优劣。方法共观察40例受试者,采用自身对照试验,分别在基线、2周后、4周后检测靶部位皮肤的角质层含水量、经表皮失水率、pH值,受试者主观评价。结果全部受试者均完成了试验,未发生不良反应。2组之间靶部位的角质层含水量、经表皮失水率、pH值在0,2,4周时差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。2组靶部位的角质层含水量在2周及4周后均较基线时显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;而表皮失水率和pH值较基线时无明显变化,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。多数受试者（67．5％）认为喷雾剂优于乳膏剂。结论维生素E乳喷雾剂保湿效果好,与对照乳液的保湿效果相当,优点是清爽、无香味。     

O-羧甲基壳聚糖的吸湿、保湿性研究

目的:考察自制O-羧甲基壳聚糖的吸湿,保温性能.方法:以甘油,山梨醇为对照,采用称量法测定样品的吸湿率和水分残存率,研究自制O-羧甲基壳聚糖(O-CMC)的吸湿性和保湿性能,并与N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖(N,O-CMC),水溶性壳聚糖(CTS),壳聚糖盐酸盐(CTS·HCl)等壳聚糖及其他羧甲基壳聚糖衍生物进行比较.结果:48h后O-CMC,N,O-CMC,CTS,CTS·HCl及甘油,山梨醇在相对湿度(RH) 43％条件下的吸湿率分别为9％,11.7％,8.7％,6.78％,3.2％和1.1％;在RH82％条件下的吸湿率分别为42.2％,40.6％,35.32％,31.4％,24.4％和1.2％;在相对湿度RH43％条件下的水分残存率分别为159％,126％,124％,107％,93％和13％;在干硅胶条件下的水分残存率分别为68％,84％,66％,60％,27％和11％.结论:O-CMC的吸湿性和保温性能均优于壳聚糖及其他羧甲基壳聚糖衍生物,具有良好的吸湿,保湿性.     

卡尔-费休氏法测定活血止痛胶囊中的水分

目的建立活血止痛胶囊中水分的测定方法。方法分别采用卡尔-费休氏法、甲苯法及气相色谱法测定水分。结果卡尔-费休氏滴定法的平均回收率为100.1%,RSD=0.3(n=6),三种方法测定的数据基本一致。结论卡尔-费休氏法测定活血止痛胶囊中的水分简便、准确、安全。     

卡氏滴定法测定地奥心血康胶囊中的水分

目的提供一种中药制荆新的水分测定方法。方法采用卡氏(Karl Fischer)滴定法并与甲苯法作比较。结果卡氏滴定法的平均回收率为101．2％．两种方法测定的数据基本一致。结论卡氏滴定法测定地奥心血康胶囊中的水分简便、准确。     

Soil Dissipation and Leaching Behavior of a Neonicotinoid Insecticide Thiamethoxam

Persistence and leaching of thiamethoxam in soil were studied under laboratory conditions. The persistence studies carried out at two fortification levels and under three moisture regimes revealed that thiamethoxam persisted beyond 90 days in all the treatments with half-life varying from 46.3 to 301.0 days. Under dry conditions, the dissipation was faster at 10 mg kg(-1) level as compared to 1 mg kg(-1), whereas the reverse trend was observed under field capacity moisture and submerged conditions. The effect of moisture was prominent and longer persistence was observed under dry conditions (t1/2 200.7-301.0 days) followed by field capacity moisture (t1/2 91.2-94.1 days) and submerged condition (t1/2 46.3-75.3 days). The leaching experiment carried out under laboratory conditions showed that on leaching the soil column with water equivalent to 65 cm rainfall, 66-79% of the applied thiamethoxam was recovered from leachate and no residues were detected in soil. Results showed that thiamethoxam has a potential to leach down under heavy rainfall conditions.