动态关节松动术治疗肱骨外上髁炎的初步研究

目的:初步探讨动态关节松动术(MWM)治疗肱骨外上髁炎的短期疗效。方法:将27例肱骨外上髁炎患者随机分为MWM组(15例)和对照组(12例)。MWM组予单次MWM治疗,对照组予传统物理治疗——单次超短波和超声波治疗。检测两组治疗前后的患侧无痛握力及健、患侧最大握力,取其比值(无痛握力患侧/最大握力健侧、最大握力患侧/最大握力健侧)作为参数进行比较。并比较两组治疗前后患肢的视觉模拟评分(VAS)。结果:MWM组患者治疗后的无痛握力患侧/最大握力健侧较治疗前显著提高(0.80±0.18对比0.55±0.20,P<0.05),也明显高于治疗后的对照组(0.80±0.18对比0.58±0.18,P<0.05)。MWM组治疗后VAS明显低于对照组(3.25±1.09对比4.29±0.61,P<0.05)。结论:MWM可快速缓解肱骨外上髁炎的疼痛,有效改善握力。     

Changes in reciprocal support provision and need-based support from partners of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy

We examined need-related and reciprocal provision of support in couples facing radical prostatectomy and its sequelae, including patients’ urinary incontinence. Partners’ reciprocal support provision to patients was assumed to drop from prior to until after patients’ surgeries and increase again in the following months, while need-related indicators were assumed to remain unique correlates throughout. In this study of German prostatectomy patients and their partners, N = 141 couples provided data on 4 measurement occasions from presurgery to 1-year postsurgery. Need-based predictors of partners’ support provision were patients’ mobilized support, such as efforts to obtain advice or comfort, and degree of postsurgery incontinence. Strength of association between partner-received and provided supports served as an indicator of reciprocal support provision. Data suggested that partners’ reciprocal support provision dropped significantly postsurgery and then increased again in the following months. This was true for emotional as well as instrumental reciprocal support provision. Findings also indicated that one need-based predictor of partners’ support provision, patients’ mobilization of support from their partners, remained a unique correlate of partners’ support provision to patients. Reciprocal support provision in couples may vary during the adaptation to illness-related functional impairment and coexist with need-oriented support provision.     

Granisetron transdermal system and dexamethasone for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in multiple myeloma patients receiving chemo-mobilization: An observational real-world study of effectiveness and safety

PURPOSECyclophosphamide (CY) in a dose of 2–4 g/m² is widely used for hemopoietic progenitor stem cells mobilization. CY administration is associated with several adverse effects, including chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of granisetron transdermal system (GTDS) plus dexamethasone in the management of CINV in MM patients undergoing chemo-mobilization with CY.METHODSIn this single-center, prospective, observational, real world study, GTDS plus dexamethasone was administered to MM patients receiving chemo-mobilization based on CY 2 g/m2 plus G-CSF in an outpatient setting. The rate of complete response was evaluated as the main outcome. Other outcomes were rate of complete control of CINV, incidence of nausea/vomiting of any grade and safety.RESULTSA total of 88 patients were enrolled. A complete response was achieved in 45.5 % of patients; among them, 39.77 % attained complete control of CINV. Nausea and vomiting never occurred in 34.1 % and 45.5 % of patients, respectively. No episodes of grade 3–4 nausea and/or vomiting were documented. GTDS was safe and well tolerated.CONCLUSIONIn real world, GTDS provided an innovative, effective, and well-tolerated control of CINV in MM patients after chemo-mobilization with CY. The study found out effectiveness of a non-invasive delivery system of antiemetic.     

Correction of penile torsion and chordee by mobilization of urethra with spongiosum in chordee without hypospadias

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of correcting coexistent penile torsion and chordee without hypospadias by mobilization of the urethra and spongiosum.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study of nine patients with simultaneous penile torsion and chordee without hypospadias was undertaken between January 2006 and December 2012. During this period, a total of 364 cases of hypospadias and 38 of chordee without hypospadias were operated on, making a total of 402 patients with hypospadias-related complexes. The same steps were used for correction of both torque and chordee. After a circumcoronal incision, the penis was fully degloved and the spongiosum with urethra was lifted up off the cavernosa. Next, mobilization of the hypoplastic urethra with spongiosum was extended into the glans. If chordee or torque persisted, urethral mobilization was performed proximally up to the bulbar urethra, as required. Spongioplasty and glansplasty were done and a per-urethral stent was kept in for three to five days.ResultsThe age of the patients ranged from 5 to 16 years (median 6 years). Penile torsion ranged from 30° to 120°, with a median of 75°. Ventral chordee ranged from 45° to 100°, with a median of 50°. A ratio of 1:9.6 was found for chordee without hypospadias compared to the total hypospadias cases, with an incidence of 9.5%. The ratio of chordee without hypospadias with torsion compared to the total hypospadias cases was 1:29. There was an incidence of chordee without hypospadias with penile torsion of 3.5% in all patients with hypospadias. The ratio of chordee without hypospadias with torsion to only chordee without hypospadias was 1:1.71, with an incidence of 37.0%. Every step contributed to the correction of curvature and torsion. Chordee was corrected in two patients by penile degloving and lifting of the spongiosa off the urethral plate; three patients required additional mobilization of the urethra into the glans. Another two patients needed proximal urethral mobilization and one required a dorsal plication. In five patients, torque was corrected by penile degloving, lifting of the spongiosa and mobilization of the urethra into the glans; four patients required further proximal urethral mobilization. All patients had excellent functional and cosmetic results. No residual chordee or torque was observed in any patient on follow-up at 12–24 months.ConclusionThe technique of distally mobilizing a hypoplastic urethra with spongiosum from the corpora into the glans, and proximally up to the bulbar region corrects moderate to severe chordee and torsion with excellent cosmetic results. The incidence of torsion with chordee without hypospadias was 3.5% of all cases of hypospadias.     

杭州家庭医生签约政策的推广与制度化——基于制度化与吸纳动员理论

本文基于制度化理论与吸纳动员理论对杭州市家庭医生签约政策的推广和制度化深入剖析,通过对杭州市卫生行政部门进行深度访谈,采用文献分析法、制度分析法对杭州市推进家庭医生签约政策执行逻辑进行研究。发现杭州推进家庭医生签约政策制度化的过程存在两个脉络:从试点发生、理论化与客观化、沉淀推广到实现制度化的政府政策推广过程和注重对各参与主体"动员与吸纳"的群众参与过程。这两个过程共同完成了杭州家庭医生签约政策的制度化实施,这一政策执行逻辑对于更好地推进和完善类似政策具有示范意义。     

Dural injury following elective spine surgery – A prospective analysis of risk factors,management and complications

Incidental dural tears being a familiar complication in spine surgery could result in dreaded postoperative outcomes. Though the literature pertaining to their incidence and management is vast, it is limited by the retrospective study designs and smaller case series. Hence, we performed a prospective study in our institute to determine the incidence, surgical risk factors, complications and surgical outcomes in patients with unintended durotomy during spine surgery over a period of one year. The overall incidence in our study was 2.3% (44/1912). Revision spine surgeries in particular had a higher incidence of 16.6%. The average age of the study population was 51.6 years. The most common intraoperative surgical step associated with dural tear was removal of the lamina, and 50% of the injuries were during usage of kerrison rongeur. The most common location of the tear was paramedian location (20 patients) and the most common size of the tear was about 1 mm-5mm (31 patients). We observed that the dural repair techniques, placement of drain and prolonged post-operative bed rest didnot significantly affect the post-operative outcomes. One patient in our study developed persistent CSF leak, which was treated by subarachnoid lumbar drain placement. No patients developed pseudomeningocele or post-operative neurological worsening or re-exploration for dural repair. Wound complications were noted in 4 patients and treated by debridement and antibiotics. Based on our study, we have proposed a treatment algorithm for the management of dural tears in spine surgery.     

Tocopherol mobilization during intensive exercise

Summary This work shows that the level of plasma tocopherol (vitamin E) which has free radical scavenging properties rises significantly during intensive exercise. It is proposed that mobilization of tocopherol could help to prevent lipoperoxidation phenomena occurring in exercising skeletal muscle. A hypothetical mechanism relating to a lipolysis effect is discussed to explain this mobilization.     

雌激素对孕妇外周血内皮祖细胞动员作用的体外研究

目的探讨雌激素对孕妇外周血内皮祖细胞（EPC）的动员作用。方法取孕期为10、20、30周的健康、单胎孕妇外周静脉血，采用Ficoll密度梯度离心法分离单个核细胞并进行体外培养。采用免疫荧光细胞化学染色方法进行EPC鉴定，取培养4d的细胞，加入DiI标记的乙酰化低密度脂蛋白（acLDL）和FITC标记的荆豆凝集素（UEA—I），用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察和记录图像。取培养7d的细胞，在相差显微镜下计数不同孕期孕妇外周血EPC集落（≥50个细胞）形成数（CFU）。分别通过跨膜迁移和增殖实验观察雌激素对EPC的动员和促增殖作用，随机选取培养7d的细胞，分别加入浓度为1×10^-10、1×10^-9、1×10^-8mol／L的雌二醇（雌二醇作用组），在相差显微镜下分别计数培养24h后EPC的跨膜迁移数和培养48h后EPC的增殖数，以加入PBS作为对照组，实验均重复3次。结果免疫荧光细胞化学染色显示，平均85％以上的细胞摄取DiI-acLDL并结合FITC—UEA—I，可以鉴定为EPC。孕期为10、20、30周孕妇外周血EPC的CFU分别为1．67±0．33、4．83±0．60、7．50±0．67，组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。浓度为1×10^-10、1×10^-9、1×10^-8mol／L雌二醇作用组EPC跨膜迁移数（×10 ^3个／膜）分别为1．50±0，09、1．61±0．06、1．90±0．07，均明显高于对照组（1．03±0．06，P〈0．01）：EPC增殖数（×10^5个）分别为1．07±0．05、1．33±0．05、1．19±0．03，均明显高于对照组（1．00±0．03，P〈0．01）。结论孕妇外周血EPC的功能状态可能与雌激素水平有关，雌激素对EPC的动员具有重要作用。     

高龄髋部骨折患者早期活动管理方案的构建及应用研究

目的 制订高龄髋部骨折患者早期活动的管理方案并评价其效果。方法 基于英国南安普敦大学附属医院术后活动模型,结合北京市某三级甲等医院临床护理程序的思路和实践,形成高龄髋部骨折患者早期活动管理方案。选取2017年1月1日—2018年12月31日收治的高龄髋部骨折患者248例为试验组,接受早期活动管理方案干预;2014年1月1日—2016年12月31日收治的214例患者为对照组,使用常规护理。比较两组首次下地时间、术后第3天行走的最远距离、住院时间、日常生活活动能力、生活质量的差异。结果 试验组首次下地活动时间为术后（1.84±0.73） d,对照组为（5.23±2.17） d;试验组术后第3天行走的最远距离为（82.55±23.12） m,对照组为（29.41±10.97） m;试验组住院时间为（9.27±1.71） d,对照组为（11.39±2.53） d;两组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组实施出院时日常生活活动能力评分、出院3个月后生活质量评分均高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 实施高龄髋部骨折患者早期活动管理方案有助于患者早期下地,缩短住院时间,提高患者生活质量。     

造血干细胞动员的进展

使用动员的外周血干细胞(PBSC)已经在很大程度上取代了骨髓作为干细胞源用于异基因和自体干细胞移植.粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)加或不加化疗是最常用的干细胞动员方案.一些供者或患者,特别是动员前经高强度治疗的患者,用这一方案不能动员到干细胞目标值.新动员剂和新疗法的产生能够改进造血干细胞的动员.