腕关节镜下植骨经皮内固定治疗舟骨骨折不愈合

目的探讨腕关节镜辅助微创植骨内固定治疗舟骨骨折不愈合手术方法和疗效。 方法2015年10月至2018年10月,采用腕关节镜辅助微创方法治疗外固定未愈合的不稳定型舟骨骨折9例,9例患者均为舟骨骨折不愈合,无合并舟月分离及舟骨近极塌陷。所有患者根据术前影像学检查评估舟骨骨折移位情况,骨折端硬化和骨质吸收缺损情况。术中从腕中关节入路刨除硬化骨后复位植骨内固定。收集患者术前及术后Mayo评分和疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS评分),两组间数据比较采用配对t检验。 结果9例患者均获得随访,随访时间平均(11±4)个月。所有患者末次随访之时均获得骨性愈合,Mayo腕关节评分(89.4±5.8)分,与术前(52.2±6.7)分相比(t＝19.8,P<0.001),优8例,良1例。VAS评分由术前(5.2±0.7)分降至(1.6±0.7)分(t＝15.6,P<0.001)。 结论腕关节镜辅助微创治疗不稳定型舟骨骨折不愈合是一种有效的治疗选择,采用腕关节镜技术去除硬化骨,取髂骨碎屑植骨内固定能取得较为理想的临床效果。     

双菱形缝线法阴道紧缩术

目的介绍一种即微创又有效的阴道紧缩手术。方法采用打孔器在会阴处打6个小孔,将2根双向倒齿线经小孔对盆底肌肉行双菱形法缝合,收紧盆底肌肉,缩小阴道口。结果本组20例患者手术时间为30~40 min,平均35 min。出血量较少,无瘢痕形成。获随访6个月,性生活满意度较术前有所提高。结论采用双菱形缝线法阴道紧缩术,设计科学,损伤小,不遗留瘢痕,且并发症较少,是改善阴道松弛及提高患者性生活质量的简单而有效的手术方法。     

Minimally invasive arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint: A systematic literature review

AimCurrently, cohort studies reported the use of minimally invasive arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP I). The aim of this systematic literature review was to analyse clinical, radiological outcome and complications with this technique.MethodsA systemic literature search of the databases Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE and Cochrane to identify studies reporting on clinical, radiological outcome or complications of minimally invasive MTP I arthrodesis was conducted.ResultsA total of 6 studies (1 Level V, 5 Level IV) reporting on 109 minimally invasive MTP arthrodesis in 105 patients were included. Validated scores were reported in 103 cases. Clinical outcome improved in 57 cases from a mean of 36.9 to 82.6 points American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) and in 46 cases from 38.7 to 18.4 points Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ). Radiological fusion rate was 87% (n = 94 out of 109) achieved after 6–12 weeks.Overall complication rate was 11.9% (13 cases) leading to revision surgeries in 5.5% (6 cases). Most common complications Most common complications were symptomatic non-union (n = 6, 5.5%), asymptomatic non-union (n = 2, 1.8%) and subsequent interphalangeal joint arthritis (n = 2, 1.8%).ConclusionMinimally invasive MTP I arthrodesis is a promising technique with comparable clinical, radiological outcome and complication rates to open surgery in hallux rigidus and rigido-valgus. Future studies are needed providing higher level of evidence to prove the potential benefit of minimally invasive compared to open MTP I arthrodesis.     

Evaluating the preoperative breast cancer characteristics affecting the accuracy of axillary ultrasound staging

We evaluate the preoperative breast cancer (BC) characteristics that affect the diagnostic accuracy of axillary ultrasound (US) and determine the reliability of US in the different subgroups of BC patients. Axillary US assessments in women with invasive BC diagnosed between 2009 and 2016 in a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnostic accuracy of axillary US was obtained using surgical nodal histology as the gold standard. Preoperative breast tumor sonographic and histological factors affecting axillary US diagnostic accuracy were examined. Of the 605 newly diagnosed invasive BC cases reviewed, 251 (41.5%) had nodal metastases. Axillary US sensitivity was 75.7%, specificity 92.9%, positive predictive value 88.4%, negative predictive value 84.4%, and false‐negative rate 24.3%. Lower US sensitivity was seen with invasive lobular cancer (ILC) (P = .043), grade I/II, (P = .021), unifocal (P = .039), and smaller tumors (P < .001). US specificity was lower in grade III (P < .001), estrogen receptor (ER)‐negative (P < .001), progesterone receptor (PR)‐negative (P = .004), HER2‐positive (P = .015), triple‐negative (P = .001), and larger breast tumors (P < .001). US has moderate sensitivity and good specificity in detecting metastatic axillary lymph nodes. Based on preoperative cancer characteristics, US was less sensitive for nodal metastases from ILC, unifocal, lower grade, and smaller breast tumors. It was also less specific in grade III, ER‐negative, PR‐negative, HER2‐positive, triple‐negative, and larger breast tumors. Caution is suggested in interpreting the US axillary findings of patients with these preoperative tumor features.