A rapid solid-phase extraction and HPLC/DAD procedure for the simultaneous determination and quantification of different benzodiazepines in serum,blood and post-mortem blood

Summary A rapid and quantitative method for the determination of benzodiazepines using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode-array detection (DAD) is reported. The drugs were extracted from serum, blood or post-mortem blood using C₁₈ extraction columns. Brotizolam was used as internal standard. Experiments with spiked serum/blood samples resulted in recoveries between 75% and 94% for all investigated benzodiazepines. Excellent linearity was obtained over the concentration range 5–1500 ng benzodiazepine/ml. The limit of detection was approximately 2 ng/ml. The detection of low therapeutic serum levels of highly potent benzodiazepines is also possible.      

扩大经额硬膜外入路切除巨大侵袭性垂体瘤

目的:探讨采用扩大的经额硬膜外入路切除巨大侵袭性垂体瘤的临床应用.方法:1997年6月至2002年3月采用该入路显微外科切除巨大侵袭性垂体瘤10例,肿瘤主要累及于鞍上、蝶筛窦及上斜坡区.结果:本组10例中,肿瘤全切6例,次全切除3例,大部分切除1例.术后发生颅神经麻痹4例,其中动眼神经障碍3例,外展神经障碍1例.全组无手术死亡.术后影像学随访6～24个月,全切除肿瘤病例未见肿瘤复发,次全切除者无明显增大.结论:该入路可充分显露鞍区肿瘤,术野开阔,对脑组织损伤小,适用于已侵犯蝶筛窦区及上斜坡的侵袭性垂体瘤.     

Histopathology of the teeth in segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia: new findings

Histological examination of the deciduous teeth in two cases of segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia (SOMD) showed fibrous enlargement of the pulps, an irregular pulp/dentine interface displaying many pseudoinclusions and pulp stones. There were tubular defects in the coronal dentine from pulp horn to cusp tip, an irregular tubular structure to the circumpulpal dentine of the apical half, a focally deficient odontoblast layer and widespread external resorption. Together with the clinical features of unilateral maxillary enlargement, upper alveolar expansion in the distal segment, increased spacing and delayed eruption of the deciduous molars and absence of premolar teeth, these histological appearances allow distinction of this condition from fibrous dysplasia (FD), segmental hemifacial hypertrophy (SHH) and regional odontodysplasia (ROD).     

CRITERIA ADOPTED BY DENTISTS TO INDICATE THE EXTRACTION OF PERIODONTALLY INVOLVED TEETH

When dealing with patients with periodontal disease of variable severities, dentists must often choose between treating and restoring the involved tooth or indicating its extraction. Different criteria have been adopted in this decision-making process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the criteria adopted by dentists to indicate the extraction of teeth with periodontitis. Dentists were interviewed at their private practices in three cities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The evaluated criteria included severity of attachment loss, tooth mobility, furcation involvement, prosthetic planning, periodontal-endodontic lesion, possible systemic involvement due to the presence of periodontitis, referral to a periodontist for evaluation, radiographic bone loss greater than 50%, presence of extensive caries, socio-economic and cultural status of the patient, among others. The most often adopted criteria to indicate the extraction of periodontally affected teeth were the presence of mobility (37.5%), severity of attachment loss (24.3%) and radiographic bone loss greater than 50% (21.2%). The results of the present study demonstrated the difficulties faced by dentists to indicate the extraction of teeth with severe attachment loss, in addition to the establishment of an adequate prognosis. Aspects associated with the past disease were still the most often reported to indicate the extraction of teeth for periodontal reasons.     

微创手术治疗高血压脑出血

目的 探讨微创手术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法 132例高血压脑出血分成微创手术组(68例)和传统开颅手术组(64例)，分析两组手术的特点和手术时机，比较两组手术治疗的疗效。结果 微创组术后GOS良好23例、中残24例、重残9例、植物生存3例、死亡9例；传统组术GOS良好16例、中残15例、重残12例、植物生存6例、死亡15例。两组超早期或早期手术均有良好的预后，而微创组效果更佳。结论 微创手术治疗高血压脑出血能明显提高临床疗效，降低病死率。     

削梨法在小瞳孔白内障超声乳化术中的应用

目的：探讨小瞳孔状态下应用削梨法超声乳化的手术技巧和注意事项。方法：应用削梨法超声乳化技术对69例(78只眼)小瞳孔白内障行超声乳化。结果：无虹膜后粘连63只眼，术后全部瞳孔恢复原状；15只眼分离粘连机化膜后应用削梨法进行超声乳化，术后13只眼基本恢复圆瞳孔，2只眼瞳孔不规则。术后3个月裸眼视力≥05者43只眼(55．13％)．矫正视力≥05者61只眼(78．21％)。结论：削梨法受瞳孔大小的限制较小，大大降低了手术操作的难度，减少了手术的危险性，不失为小瞳孔白内障超声乳化的好办法。     

微波辅助提取茯苓中茯苓多糖的研究

目的将微波辅助提取新技术应用于茯苓水溶性多糖的提取，寻求最佳提取工艺。方法采用均匀优化设计试验条件，以苯酚-硫酸法测定样品中多糖含量。对超声辅助提取和传统水提法比较，并对水解前后的微波提取多糖衍生物用毛细管电泳检测。结果最佳提取条件：时间为18min；固液比为1：50；微波占空比42％，此时提取率为2．792％。优于传统。结论微波辅助提取速度更快、提取效率更高；毛细管电泳检测表明微波提取茯苓多糖过程合理，能得到较理想的提取物。     

转基因食品的快速PCR鉴定

用十六烷基-二甲基-乙基-溴化铵(CTAB)法快速高效地从样品中提取了可供分析的基因组DNA,经PCR扩增,鉴定了含有35S启动子和NOS终止子的转基因样品.该方法的灵敏度可达0.1%,并且具有很好的稳定性.     

粘连性小瞳孔白内障超声乳化吸除及人工晶状体植入术

目的探讨粘连性小瞳孔白内障超声乳化吸除手术方法及技巧。方法对36例(42眼)粘连性小瞳孔白内障行超声乳化吸除及人工晶状体植入术,术中不分离虹膜后粘连,利用拦截劈裂法乳化晶状体核,通过4mm大小瞳孔完成手术。结果所有病例视力有不同程度提高,获得生理性圆或近圆瞳孔,主要并发症包括角膜内皮水肿,前房纤维素渗出。结论采用本方法治疗粘连性小瞳孔白内障操作相对简单,术后反应轻,并发症少。     

微创疗法在骨不连中的应用现状

骨不连是骨折术后常见并发症,据统计约有5%~10%的骨折可因各种原因发生骨折不愈合和迟缓愈合。骨不连的治疗方法虽很多,但治疗效果不一。近年来,随着影像学及内镜技术的发展以及在外科领域的成功实践,微创技术在骨科中的应用较为迅速,已取得了可喜成绩。根据近年来的文献,介绍微创技术在治疗骨不连方面的一些进展。